O trabalho aborda diversos aspectos do universo do entretenimento no Rio de Janeiro das décadas de 1920 e 1930 em sua articulação com a música e com os músicos populares. Seu fio condutor é a trajetória do compositor, instrumentista, arranjador e maestro Alfredo Vianna da Rocha Filho, o Pixinguinha, que atuou e colaborou nos diversos meios do entretenimento do Rio de Janeiro . O percurso é longo: dos cafés-concertos ao rádio, com uma longa pausa na indústria fonográfica. Parte-se do pressuposto que a música popular desempenhou papel mais que relevante naquele contexto. Das rodas de choro ao Palácio do Catete, do morro aos estúdios de gravação, ela esteve presente nos diversos espaços da cidade, revelando vários dos dilemas existentes no país naquele momento: moderna ou típica? negra ou branca? folclórica ou popular? Privilegiamos, como objeto de análise, a escuta do compositor, revelada em suas composições, interpretações e, sobretudo, em seus arranjos, os quais nos permitem escutar sua escuta, e desvendar os modos de inserção e barreiras encontrados pelo músico nesse universo em constante transformação. / This work approaches many aspects of the entertainment universe in Rio de Janeiro during the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, considering its articulation not only with the music but also with the popular musicians. The thread of this study is the personal trajectory of the composer, instrumentalist, arranger and conductor Alfredo Vianna da Rocha Filho ? Pixinguinha ?, who has taken part in many activities of the entertainment universe in Rio de Janeiro. The path is long: from the ?cafés-concerto? to the radio, with a long pause in the phonographic industry. As a point of departure, our study presupposes that the popular music has taken more than a relevant part in this context. From the ?rodas de choro? to the Catete?s Palace, from the ?morro? to the recording studios, popular music was noticed in many places of the town, revealing some of the dilemmas faced by the country in that period: modern or typical? black or white? folk or popular? The listening of the composer is here highlighted as our object of analysis, which can be revealed through Pixinguinha?s compositions, interpretations and above all through his arrangements, which allow us to listen to his listening, and to figure out the ways of insertion as well as the obstacles that the musician had to face up to in this universe subjected to constant transformations.

A presente tese pretende demonstrar de que forma se deu a junção do velho com o novo nos arranjos de Pixinguinha para orquestra popular do período entre 1947 a 1957. Por um lado, observa-se a influência da musicalidade do princípio do gênero choro, como o tipo de orquestração derivada das bandas militares e a presença de subgêneros ligados a danças de salão europeias como a polca, o schottisch, entre outros . Por outro, s encontram-se elementos musicais considerados modernos, os quais Pixinguinha já vinha incorporando-os na linguagem do choro. Dentre eles destacam-se a criação de vozes em contraponto à melodia principal, como também o uso de variações rítmicas ligadas ao samba dos seus primórdios e ao maxixe. Por meio do mapeamento dos elementos constituintes do tipo de musicalidade ligado ao princípio do choro e o seu diálogo com esses novos recursos, foi realizada a análise musical de quatro arranjos para orquestra popular criados por Pixinguinha nessa fase da sua carreira. / This thesis intends to demonstrate how old and new were combined in Pixinguinha´s arrangements for the Popular Orchestra in the period between 1947 and 1957. On the one hand, the influence of musicality is noted at the beginning of choro musical genre as the kind of orchestration coming from military bands and the presence of subgenres coming from European ballroom dances such as polka and schottisch among others. On the other hand, in such arrangements, we may find some musical elements considered modern and which Pixinguinha had already been incorporating into choro. Stand out among them the use of voice in contrast with the main melody as well as the rhythmic variations connected to the basics of samba and maxixe. Due to the mapping of constituent elements of musicality coming from choro basic rules and its connection with these new resources, a musical analysis of the four arrangements created for the Popular Orchestra by Pixinguinha during this phase of his career, was performed.

Orientador: Antônio Rafael Carvalho dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_HermilsonGarciado_D.pdf: 26151706 bytes, checksum: a6bcdb9f07dc802893d19838a5e045cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A Etnomusicologia e os Estudos de Música Popular procuram evidenciar os sentidos e nexos sociais das variadas práticas musicais populares. A presente pesquisa pretende contribuir para o aprofundamento da discussão acerca do trabalho do arranjador e de sua posição autoral na dinâmica criativa da música popular fonográfica. Tomando as realizações do maestro Cyro Pereira (1929-2011), especialmente seus escritos para a Orquestra Jazz Sinfônica de São Paulo, este estudo propõe também uma reflexão acerca da dicotomia erudito/popular, tão relevante na produção musical brasileira do Século XX. A análise semiótica da música popular, com metodologia adaptada a partir dos modelos de Philip Tagg (1982) e José Luiz Martinez (1997), foi o caminho trilhado para traduzir em termos compartilháveis com o leitor todo o universo poético da amostragem aqui tratada. De toda a obra de Cyro Pereira, arranjador e regente nacionalmente estabelecido, também autor de obra erudita considerável e premiada, esta pesquisa lida principalmente com os arranjos populares escritos a partir de 1990. Sua produção de música popular revela alto grau de elaboração nos planos harmônico, formal e sobretudo expressivo, e pode apontá-lo também como um notável orquestrador que este país produziu. Poder-se-ia acrescentar que Cyro Pereira talvez seja o maior representante contemporâneo do arranjo orquestral, escrevendo música instrumental e versões orquestrais de canções, igualmente. A série intitulada "Fantasia Sinfônica", escrita pelo maestro ao longo de quase vinte anos, traz elementos contundentes na defesa de tais criações como composições autônomas, embora se baseiem em obras de outros autores (ou seus fragmentos). Nesses trabalhos o autor projeta sua visão do que seja um panorama essencial da música brasileira popular, instando por uma legitimação musical de tais feitos / Abstract: Ethnomusicology and the Popular Music Studies attempts to show the meanings and social senses of several popular music practices. The current research intends to contribute for a serious discussion about the arranger's work as well as his authorial position in the creative dynamic of the popular music phonography. Taking the accomplishments of the composer and conductor Cyro Pereira (1929-2011), especially his works for the Orquestra Jazz Sinfonica de Sao Paulo, this study also suggests a discussion about the classical/popular dichotomy so relevant in the Brazilian musical production of the 20th century. The semiotic analysis of popular music, with adapted methodology from José Luiz Martinez (1997) and Philip Tagg's (1982) models was the way chosen to explain in shareable terms to the reader all the poetical universe of the sampling here mentioned. Of all Cyro Pereira's works, arranger and nationally established regent and also author of considerable and awarded classical music, this research has dealt especially with the written popular arrangements since 1990. His popular music production reveals a high degree of elaboration in the harmonic, formal and above all expressive plans and he can be also alluded as a remarkable Orchestrator that this country has ever produced. It can also be added that Cyro Pereira may be the biggest Brazilian contemporary arranger for orchestra, writing instrumental music and orchestral versions of songs, as well. The series called "Fantasia Sinfonica", written by the maestro for almost twenty years brings remarkable elements in the defense of some creations such as compositions by his own, eventhough they are based on songs by other authors (or its fragments). In those works the author designs his vision on what is an essential panorama of Brazilian popular music, urging for a musical better rating of these achievements / Doutorado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Doutor em Música

Orientador: Fernando Augusto de Almeida Hashimoto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T05:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_FernandaVanessa_M.pdf: 1850340 bytes, checksum: 45916d23e482276ef0ac554ed52f2ae3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como principais objetivos: 1. descrever e discorrer sobre a transcrição de tangos brasileiros para marimba; e 2. realizar um estudo interpretativo sobre os mesmos. Para isto foram utilizadas as músicas Rayon d'Or (1892) e Garoto (1916), oriundas de diferentes épocas dentro da cronologia composicional de Ernesto Nazareth. O processo de transcrição e adaptação dessas duas obras é contextualizado com um breve histórico do desenvolvimento e da popularização da marimba, bem como se discute a importância do uso de transcrições nos primórdios da formação de seu repertório. Aliado à transcrição dos tangos se inclui um estudo interpretativo que aborda tanto a resolução de dificuldades técnicas como decisões interpretativas acerca de aspectos como o controle timbrístico, fraseado, escolha de baquetas, entre outros / Abstract: This work has as main goals: 1. describe and discuss transcriptions of traditional Brazilian Tangos for marimba; 2. to make an interpretative study on these pieces. It utilized two pieces, composed in different compositional periods of Ernesto Nazareth: Rayon D'or (1892) and Garoto (1916). The process of transcription and adaptation is contextualized with a brief history of the development and popularization of the marimba, and overview of the importance of the use of transcriptions in the early formation of its own repertoire. In addition to the transcriptions of these tangos is included an interpretive study which deals with both the resolution of technical difficulties and the interpretative decisions about aspects such as control of the timbre, phrasing, choice of sticking, among others / Mestrado / Praticas Interpretativas / Mestre em Música

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_fabio_mielezrski.pdf: 269505 bytes, checksum: a46e1425b93c1d7d9886830f04ab1bec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-12 / The work had the objective of evaluating the behavior of populations of hybrid rice plants which were cultivated isolated, and the individual behavior and plants originated from seeds of high and low vigor of hybrid rice, inside of populations that were constituted of different combinations of seed line distributions. The experiment was conducted in the didactic experimental area of the agronomy school. It was used seeds of hybrid rice of the cultivar Avaxi, which belongs to the Ricetec®, including two types characterized as low and high vigor. Two studies were conducted. On the first, the effect of seed vigor on isolated plants, cultivated in hollows of 50 cm of depth, was evaluated. Two treatments were tested; plants originated from low and high vigor seeds, being each parcel composed by only one plant. On the second study, the evaluation was on the individual behavior of plants inside a population, as long as the entire population behavior established with different systems of distribution of plants originated from high and low vigor seeds, on the seed line. The experiment had 5 different combinations of seed line distribution of the plants originated from high and low vigor seeds, in seed lines of 4 meters of length. The plants were obtained by sowing each lot in distinct treys with soil as subtract, in a depth of 2,5cm with later transplant of the emerged plants to the field. It was concluded that plants of hybrid rice originated from seeds of high vigor shows better performance than the plants originated from low vigor seeds inside of a population. Increases at the ratio of plants originated from high vigor seeds, at the establishment of a population of hybrid rice plants, provide increases on the population yield and yield components. Hybrid rice populations established with high vigor seeds presents grain yield over 30%. Although presenting a superior performance, the plants originated from high vigor seeds don´t exert dominance effects on the plants originated from low vigor seeds. / O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do vigor de sementes sobre o comportamento de plantas de arroz híbrido cultivadas isoladamente e o comportamento individual e de populações de plantas de arroz híbrido originadas de sementes de alto e baixo vigor em comunidades constituídas de diferentes combinações de distribuição dessas plantas ao longo da linha de semeadura. Os experimentos foram realizados na Área Experimental e Didática do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM/UFPel). Utilizou-se sementes de arroz do híbrido Avaxi da empresa RiceTec®, de dois lotes devidamente caracterizados como alto e baixo vigor. Realizaram-se dois trabalhos. No primeiro avaliou o efeito do vigor de sementes em plantas cultivadas isoladamente, em covas espaçadas de 50 cm.Testaram-se dois tratamentos; plantas originadas de sementes de alto e de baixo vigor, sendo cada parcela constituída por uma única planta. No segundo trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento individual de plantas dentro de comunidades, bem como o comportamento geral das comunidades estabelecidas com diferentes sistemas de distribuição de plantas originadas de sementes de alto e de baixo vigor, ao longo das linhas de semeadura. Foram realizadas cinco diferentes combinações de distribuição de plantas originadas de sementes de alto e baixo vigor, em linhas de 4 metros de comprimento. As plantas foram obtidas pela semeadura de cada lote em bandejas distintas com solo como substrato, a uma profundidade de 2,5 cm com posterior transplante para o campo. Conclui-se que plantas de arroz híbrido originadas de sementes de alto vigor apresentam desempenho superior em relação às originadas de sementes de baixo vigor dentro das comunidades. Aumentos na proporção de plantas originadas de sementes de alto vigor, no estabelecimento das comunidades de plantas de arroz híbrido, proporcionam acréscimos nos componentes do rendimento e na produtividade das comunidades. Comunidades de arroz híbrido estabelecidas com sementes de alto vigor apresentaram produtividade de grãos superiores a 30%. Embora apresentem um desempenho superior, as plantas originadas de sementes de alto vigor não exercem efeito de dominância sobre as plantas originadas de sementes de baixo vigor, dentro das comunidades.

This dissertation studies the effects of external integration and internal liberalization on the economic geography within a country when regions within the country have different access to the world market. The first paper introduces internal geography into the Melitz (2003) model to examine how external and internal liberalizations affect the economic geography within a country. By dividing a country into a coastal region and an inland region, the model shows that trade leads the coastal region have a higher than proportional share of industry, and causes firms in the coastal region to be larger and more productive than firms in the inland region. Both external and internal liberalizations encourage industry agglomeration in the coastal region. However, external trade liberalization leads to firm divergence, and internal liberalization leads to firm convergence, between coastal and inland regions. This allows me to test the relative importance of internal and external liberalization. Using Chinese data from 1998 to 2007, I find that the manufacturing sector grew faster in the coastal region than in the inland region after the WTO accession in 2001. Firms also converged between coastal and inland regions, indicating that internal liberalization had stronger effects during this period. In the second paper, I document large economic discontinuities across the east/non-east provincial borders in China and argue that the border effects are largely due to preferential policies that give the east advantages in international trade and economic development. Using counties contiguous to the borders of 4 plain provinces, I find that manufacturing activities (output, employment, and export) increase abruptly from the west to the east of the borders. The counties in the east also have a lower share of agricultural population and a higher share of output by foreign firms. The economic discontinuities are larger for non-state sectors than for the state sector and are stronger in non-mountain regions than in mountain regions. The large economic discontinuities are unlikely to be explained by geographic and cultural differences across the borders, and can be accounted for by the policy differences between east and non-east provinces. I find that the openness level and the index of market liberalization can account for a large part of the east/non-east divide. In the third paper, I use the ending of the Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA) to study the effects of an external trade liberalization on Chinese textile and clothing industry. After the Multi-fiber Arrangement ended in 2005, Chinese textile and clothing exports in products that faced quotas before experienced significant boom. The effects are stronger in the coastal region than in the inland region. Using distance to the seaport as a measure of world-market access, I show that the external trade liberalization (the quota removal) had larger effects on regions with better access to the world market. A further analysis of firm entry shows that the large adjustment of export after the expiration of the MFA was largely due to destination and product expansions by existing firms.

A study of local context has revealed that universal relief strategies are failing to meet the needs of those who have just lived through the traumatic experience of losing their primary dwelling. Where as conventional ‘donor’ structures may economically shelter the body, they neglect to address issues of home and belonging. The hypothesis argues that shelter after disaster is not just a temporary solution but rather a ‘starter kit’ with the potential of becoming a home. Hence shelter is the beginning of a process, that involves first a sign of the event of dwelling before it can host a more complex scope of concerns. While acknowledging that the design cannot be site specific, the proposal responds to regional disasters within greater Tshwane region, through a comprehensive investigation of context, climate and selected case studies. Set within the reality of monotonous modular design the project seeks to provide a flexible and innovative shelter typology that can remain on site, providing a period of grace. Thus enabling the displaced to focus on rebuilding their homes without living with the fear of their tent being reclaimed. The project conducts a critical investigation into rapidly deployable structure. The object of the study is to highlight the potential of cardboard as an alternative building material. Copyright / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

This final work is aimed at the concept of relationship between exchange rate and interest rate differential. The introductory part briefly describes exchange rate as a macro-economical parameter, which can be seen in many different systems of exchange rate. Next part consists of theoretical principles of uncovered interest parity and the dynamics of this process and also the process of international Fisher effect. In the analysis part the relation between interest rate and exchange rate is explored in various conditions of exchange rate arrangements in the countries of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Slovakia. The uncovered interest parity is valued by graphic analysis made by calculation of the theoretical rate based on uncovered interest parity and the off-set index rate. International Fisher effect is tested on the graph of change in exchange rate depending on the interest rate differential. The graphic analysis is followed by the analysis of linear regression. Afterwards with the use of VAR model we find not only the dependence of exchange rate on interest rate differential but also whether the interest rate differential is dependent on exchange rate or not.

The aim of this research is to explore the integration of ad hoc and mobile sensors into a conventional Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) system. This is motivated by the desire to improve the spatial resolution of 3D reconstructed images that are produced using ERT. The feasibility of two approaches, referred to as the Extended Electrical Tomography (EET) and Augmented Electrical Tomography (AET) are considered. The approaches are characterized according to the functionality of the sensors on the ad hoc 'pills'. This thesis utilizes spectral and numerical analysis techniques, with the goal of providing a better understanding of reconstruction limitations, including quality of measurements, sensitivity levels and spatial resolution. These techniques are applied such that an objective evaluation can be made, without having to depend heavily on visual inspection of a selection of reconstructed images when evaluating the performance of different set-ups. In EET, the sensors on the pills are used as part of the ERT electrode system. Localized voltage differences are measured on a pair of electrodes that are located on an ad hoc pill. This extends the number of measurements per data set and provides information that was previously unobtainable using conventional electrode arrangements. A standalone voltage measurement system is used to acquire measurements that are taken using the internal electrodes. The system mimics the situation that is envisaged for a wireless pill, specifically that it has a floating ground and is battery-powered. For the present exploratory purposes, the electronic hardware is located remotely and the measured signal is transmitted to the PC through a cable. The instrumentation and data acquisition circuits are separated through opto-isolators which essentially isolates both systems. Using a single pill located in the centre of a vessel furnished with 16 electrodes arranged in a single plane, spectral analysis indicates that 15 of the 16 extended measurements acquired using the adjacent current injection strategy are unique. Improvement is observed for both the sensitivity and spatial resolution for the voxels in the vicinity of the ad hoc pill when comparing the EET approach with the conventional ERT approach. This shows the benefit of the EET approach. However, visual inspection of reconstructed images reveals no apparent difference between images produced using a regular and extended dataset. Similar studies are conducted for cases considering the opposite strategy, different position and orientation of the pill, and the effect of using multiple pills. In AET, the sensors on the ad hoc pills are used as conductivity probes. Localized conductivity measurements provide conductivity values of the voxels in a discretized mesh of the vessel, which reduces the number of unknowns to be solved during reconstruction. The measurements are incorporated into the inverse solver as prior information. The Gauss-Newton algorithm is chosen for implementation of this approach because of its non-linear nature. Little improvement is seen with the inclusion of one localized conductivity measurement. The effect on the neighbouring voxels is insignificant and there is a lack of control over how the augmented measurement influences the solution of its neighbouring voxels. This is the first time that measurements using ad hoc and 'wireless' sensors within the region of interest have been incorporated into an electrical tomography system.

Prestes a completar 80 anos e tida como a melhor universidade do país segundo o Índice Geral de Cursos (IGC), a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) tem suas origens nas Escolas Superiores e Faculdades, berços do Ensino Superior no Rio Grande do Sul, que passaram a funcionar em Porto Alegre no final do Século XIX. Devido a sua excelência acadêmica, a UFRGS tem produzido e acumulado, ao longo dos anos, um rico patrimônio documental arquivístico. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a identificação e a proposição de uma sistemática de arranjo para esse patrimônio documental, através da plataforma digital -ICA-AtoM, com fins à descrição e à difusão dos instrumentos de pesquisa - guia e inventário. A justificativa para esta pesquisa permeia a condição da UFRGS enquanto instituição de ensino superior com uma importância significativa tanto no cenário rio-grandense como nacional, através do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão desenvolvidos por ela. Como embasamento teórico para esta pesquisa, foram utilizados referenciais que conceituassem o patrimônio cultural, passando pelo identificação do patrimônio documental arquivístico neste contexto. Também, foram discutidos e contextualizados temáticas da Arquivologia, tais como a identificação da Arquivologia como ciência, as funções arquivísticas, destacando-se o Arranjo, a Descrição arquivística e a Difusão de arquivos. O contexto de estudo foi dado através de um breve histórico da UFRGS, como foi estruturada a Divisão de Documentação e como está constituído o acervo arquivístico. Esta pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, descritiva, qualitativa e configurou-se em um estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de observação direta, bem como de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Com esta pesquisa foi possível: identificar o documento arquivístico como patrimônio documental e cultural; estabelecer uma sistemática de arranjo para o acervo arquivístico da UFRGS; elaborar a descrição arquivística e a difusão através da criação do guia e do inventário; implementar os instrumentos de pesquisa no software ICA-AtoM. Como produto desenvolvido, está o Guia e Inventário do acervo custodiado pela Divisão de Documentação, instrumentos estes imprescindíveis para o acesso, preservação e difusão do patrimônio documental arquivístico. Por fim, cabe destacar a necessidade de continuidade deste trabalho que foi pioneiro em seu contexto de aplicação, devendo ser ampliado e reavaliado a medida em que se fizer necessário. / About to turn 80 and known as the best university of the country according to the General Courses Index (IGC), the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) has its origins with Higher Education Schools and Colleges, home of the Higher Education in Rio Grande do Sul, which started working in Porto Alegre in the late 19th century. Due to its academic excellence, UFRGS has produced and accumulated over the years a rich archival heritage. So this research's goal is to identify and to propose an arrangement system for this archival heritage through the digital platform ICA-AtoM to describe and disseminate finding aids – guide and inventory. This research is justified by the condition of UFRGS as a higher education institution with a significant importance in the state scenario as a national institution, through education, research and extension developed by it. As theoretical ground for this research, were used references that contemplated the concept of cultural heritage linked with the identification of archival heritage in this context. Also were debated and put into context archives administration themes, as the identification of archives administration as a science, archival functions, emphasizing Arrangement, Description and Diffusion of archives. The context of this study was given through a brief UFRGS historic, of how the Documentation Division was structured and how the archival holdings are organized. This is an applied, descriptive, qualitative research and a case study. The data collection was made through direct observation, as well as bibliographic and documental research. With this study it was able to identify the archival document as archival heritage, to set an arrangement system for UFRGS's archival holdings, to make an archival description and diffusion through the creation of a guide and an inventory and to implement these finding aids on the ICA-AtoM software. As the developed product, there are the guide and inventory of the holdings in custody by the Documentation Division, indispensable instruments for access, conservation and diffusion of the archival heritage. Lastly, it is important to highlight the need to continue this work that was a pioneer in its context of application, and it should be amplified and reevaluated when necessary.