Inledning: Syftet med denna studie är att få en bredare kunskap om ett outforskat område; psykodynamiska psykoterapeuters upplevelse av att arbeta med personer dömda för mord eller allvarliga våldsbrott. Frågeställning: Hur upplever psykodynamiska psykoterapeuter det är att arbeta med personer dömda för mord eller allvarliga våldsbrott? Metod: Studien bygger på den halvstrukturerade livsvärldsintervjun med fem terapeuter med erfarenhet av att bedriva psykoterapi med brottsdömda för allvarliga våldsbrott eller mord. Intervjuerna spelades in och bearbetades med tematisk analys. Resultat: Terapeuterna har svårt att känna empati och upplever också ångest och rädsla i terapierna. Terapeuterna försöker att förstå personen och brottet för att kunna arbeta för egen del men också för att kunna behandla patienten. Terapeuten uttrycker behov av stöd genom riskbedömning, utbildning och handledning för denna patienttyp. Diskussion: Terapeuternas upplevelse bekräftade det forskningen visat på; att det är stora känslomässiga påfrestningar i det terapeutiska arbetet med brottsdömda för mord och allvarliga våldsbrott. Terapeuterna hade svårt att erbjuda en empatisk förståelse och bearbetande psykoterapi. Terapeuterna efterfrågade en mer genomtänkt behandlingside för denna patientgrupp från organisationens sida och egen handledning och utbildning för att kunna genomföra det psykoterapeutiska arbetet. / Introductions: The purpose of this study is to achieve a broader knowledge of an area not researched on; psychodynamic psychotherapists experience of working with people convicted of murder or serious violent crimes. Issues: How do psychodynamic psychotherapists experience working with people convicted of murder or serious violent crimes? Method: The study is based on the semi-structured interview with five therapist’s with experience of treatment with people convicted of murder or serious violent crimes. The interviews were recorded and processed using thematic analysis. Result: The therapists have difficulty feeling empathy and they also experience anxiety and fear in the therapies. The therapists try to understand the person and the crime in order to be able to work for their own part but also to be able to treat the patient. The therapists expresses the need for support through risk assessment, training and supervision for this kind of patient. Discussion: The therapist’s experience confirmed what research shows; that there are severe emotional strains in the therapeutic work with those convicted of murder and serious violent crimes. The therapists found it difficult to offer an empathetic understanding and processing psychotherapy. The therapists wished for a more elaborate treatment idea for this patient group on the part of the organization and their own supervision and training to be able to carry out the psychotherapeutic work.

The study focuses on psychosocial aspects of prisoners with dyslexia in the Czech Republic. The target group is compared with respondents from noncriminal population with dyslexia, and respondents from prison and also noncriminal population without dyslexic difficulties. Research sample comprised of 200 respondents (50 respondents per each group) in the age range from 20 to 64 years. Data were collected via Raven's standard progressive matrices, assessment battery on specific learning disabilities, personal history questionnaire, self-efficacy scale and personality questionnaire (SPARO). The results show the following protective aspects in the development of children with dyslexia - higher educational level, better grades in school in subjects such as Foreign language, Mathemathics, Physics and Behavior, lower number of siblings, higher number of close persons and help from them, family cultural capital (level of education of mother and father), higher self-efficacy, a feeling of importance to others, greater level od satisfaction with their life, early diagnosis of hyperactivity and results of personality questionnaire SPARO (mean adjusting variability; and moderate frustration and target directionality). Some aspects were interpreted as neutral, and some factors show no inter-group difference....

This study analyses judicial approaches to sentencing offenders under the age of 18 convicted of serious crimes and their adult counterparts. It traces sentencing patterns, trends and shifts from 1950 to 2009 with reference to key moments. The study seeks to identify factors that determine the choice of sentence. Indeed, competing penal theories appear to be behind judicial decisions. In this regard it is claimed that although it is difficult to identify the extent of factors considered in sentencing decisions, seriousness of crime seems to carry more weight than the prior record and age factor in the selection of a sentence. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, using primary or historical and secondary sources of data collection. This involved studying real court cases, the observation of trials and interviews with Wynberg regional court magistrates, Mitchells Plain regional court magistrates and Cape High Court Judges as part of primary-historical data collected. Penal statistics and data gathered included law reports, penological literature was analysed and computerised, and philosophical interpretation of findings was used. The study concludes that sentencing approaches are still marked by inconsistency and vagueness, which require to be improved by ongoing assessment within the courts in pursuit of balanced sentencing that meets various goals. It is pointed out that there are variations between the courts, and among different regional magistrates and judges, which require to be justified in the light of the divergences in crime seriousness and offenders alike. The study claims that sentencing is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, involving history, law and sociology. It further recommends that persons under the age of 18 convicted of serious crime should be accorded less culpability compared to adults with regard to sentence severity. / Criminology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Forecast of the size and structure of the prison population in the CR Abstract: Forecasting of prison population in the Czech Republic is almost an unexplored topic. To the whole prison system as a topic is also devoted little space in the literature. The most advanced methods of forecasting of prison populations cannot be used to the Czech data, which are used in countries with a long tradition of it. The data are not connected between Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Interior, and also differ in their definitions. It is therefore necessary to use a simplified method, which correspond to the data sources. The process is also interfered with unexpected external factors such as the amnesty of the President of the Republic on the 1 January 2013. Models for convicted expected forecast decline in their number by the end of 2013 to 12 to 19 thousands. Models further assume that a decline in 2013 would take place, even if there were no amnesty. Models for the accused assume their fluctuation around the same values. Follow-up calculations show that the state would save significantly by the projection models variants and also the burden on prison officers in correctional facilities would be reduced to 2.1 to 3.2 prisoners per guard from the current 3.5 prisoners per guard. Keywords: prison projection,...

This study analyses judicial approaches to sentencing offenders under the age of 18 convicted of serious crimes and their adult counterparts. It traces sentencing patterns, trends and shifts from 1950 to 2009 with reference to key moments. The study seeks to identify factors that determine the choice of sentence. Indeed, competing penal theories appear to be behind judicial decisions. In this regard it is claimed that although it is difficult to identify the extent of factors considered in sentencing decisions, seriousness of crime seems to carry more weight than the prior record and age factor in the selection of a sentence. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, using primary or historical and secondary sources of data collection. This involved studying real court cases, the observation of trials and interviews with Wynberg regional court magistrates, Mitchells Plain regional court magistrates and Cape High Court Judges as part of primary-historical data collected. Penal statistics and data gathered included law reports, penological literature was analysed and computerised, and philosophical interpretation of findings was used. The study concludes that sentencing approaches are still marked by inconsistency and vagueness, which require to be improved by ongoing assessment within the courts in pursuit of balanced sentencing that meets various goals. It is pointed out that there are variations between the courts, and among different regional magistrates and judges, which require to be justified in the light of the divergences in crime seriousness and offenders alike. The study claims that sentencing is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, involving history, law and sociology. It further recommends that persons under the age of 18 convicted of serious crime should be accorded less culpability compared to adults with regard to sentence severity. / Criminology and Security Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SHEILA CRISTINA ROCHA COELHO.pdf: 2573480 bytes, checksum: 6f1f6e5eb0894b2932a87af23dd137d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / The present study is an outcome of qualitative research carried out at the Center for Reeducation and Social Inclusion of Convicted Women CRSICW/CRISMA in São Luis, State of Maranhão, Brazil in the period of 2009 to 2010. The aim of the study was to investigate how the reeducation character of private penalty is organized and manifested in that institution. The objective unfolds into secondary ones as follows: to discuss studies which approach the reeducation proposal as the goal to the private penalty release; to analyze what treatment provided to women in the prison system setting; to identify the effects of confinement on the social identity of convicted women; to show how re-educatingactivities are organized at the Center for Reeducation and Social Inclusion of Convicted Women CRSICW/CRISMA; to identify how educative practices developed at CRSICW/CRISMA are manifested; to identify how the inmates perceive the institution re-educative work, and in what level they consider it to contribute to their social inclusion. Since the present work presents as the central issue the reflection on re-education in the prison environment, the analyses performed by Thompson (2002), Zaffaroni (2001), Baratta (2002) on the goals of penalty, are pertinent because they approach the implications of the penalty rehabilitating objective designated indistinctively of regeneration, re-adaptation, re-socialization, and re-education, taking into account that the prison environment borders on complex power relationships in a space characterized by all sorts of contradictions. We also present the contributions by Luckmanand Berger (1985) when dealing with primary and secondary socialization processes, which are important aspects for understanding the premise of the present study. Thus, the understanding that human beings are socially built, his character being unfinished and constituted along his lifetime, is the endpoint foundation of an education intended for humanizing and answering to the challenges posed by the prison reality. The study endeavored to understand that the convicted women at CRSICW/CRISMA observed the identity of good prisoners as a necessity to survive in prison and as a way of resisting to the criminal stigma, since this roll-play is not compatible with the desire to re-claim their social spaces. It was also verified that the women attribute greater importance to work and professional qualification than to schooling, since for them qualification prepares them for the job market representing, besides the opportunity to earn a wage, there is the possibility of penalty redeeming. Semi-structured interviews were used with a prison warden, a teacher and the Institution General Supervisor, and the application of Focal Group technique to inmates, as well as the study of pertinent bibliography, state, national, and international (FOUCAULT, 2008b)devices dealing with criminal enforcement with respect to assistance guaranteed to prisoners, educational assistance in especial, where we sought mainly to reveal the gender inequality traits in those discussions with respect to treatment of incarcerated women. / O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisa qualitativa realizada no Centro de Reeducação e Inclusão Social de Mulheres Apenadas (CRISMA) de São Luís entre 2009 e 2010 com o objetivo investigar como se organiza e se manifesta o caráter reeducativo da pena privativa de liberdade naquela instituição. Esse objetivo se desdobra em outros secundários tais como: discutir estudos que abordam a proposta de reeducação como finalidade da pena privativa de liberdade; analisar qual o tratamento dado à mulher no contexto do sistema prisional; investigar a identidade que a mulher tem de si mesma e aquela que lhe é dada por outros; identificar os efeitos do encarceramento sobre a identidade social da mulher apenada; mostrar como se organiza a oferta de atividades reeducativas no CRISMA; identificar como se manifestam as práticas educativas desenvolvidas CRISMA; identificar como as detentas veem o trabalho reeducativo da instituição e em que medida elas consideram que este contribui para sua inclusão social. Uma vez que este trabalho apresenta como questão central a reflexão sobre reeducação no espaço prisional, as análises realizadas por Thompson (2002), Zaffaroni (2001) e Baratta (2002) sobre os fins da pena são pertinentes por abordarem as implicações do objetivo reabilitador da pena, designado indistintamente de regeneração, readaptação, ressocialização e reeducação, considerando que o ambiente carcerário remete a relações de poder complexas de um espaço caracterizado por contradições de toda ordem. Apresentamos também as contribuições de Berger e Luckman (1985) ao tratarem dos processos de socialização primária e secundária, aspecto importante para compreensão do termo nesse trabalho. Logo, o entendimento de que o ser humano é um ser socialmente construído, do seu caráter de inconcluso e inacabado que se constitui ao longo da sua existência, é a fundamentação dos fins de uma educação que se propõe a humanizar e responder aos desafios que se colocam na realidade penitenciária. A pesquisa sinalizou para entender que as mulheres apenadas do CRISMA absorveram a identidade de boas presas como necessidade de sobrevivência na prisão e como forma de resistência ao estigma de criminosas, pois a representação desse papel é incompatível com o desejo de restabelecer os seus espaços de pertencimento social. Verificou-se também que as mulheres atribuem à qualificação profissional e ao trabalho maior importância que a instrução escolar, pois, para elas, a qualificação as instrumentaliza para o mercado de trabalho e representa além da oportunidade de remuneração, possibilidade de remir a pena. O ciclo da pesquisa deu-se mediante a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma agente penitenciária, uma professora e a supervisora geral da instituição e a aplicação da técnica Grupo Focal junto às detentas, bem como o estudo da bibliografia pertinente, exame dos dispositivos (FOUCAULT, 2008b) em âmbito internacional, nacional e estadual que norteia a execução da penal, no que se refere às assistências que são asseguradas à detenta, especificamente à assistência educacional, onde buscamos principalmente desvelar nesses discursos as marcas das desigualdades de gênero no tratamento da mulher encarcerada.

Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier certaines représentations – écrites et imagées – des exécutions capitales en France, dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle et les premières décennies du XVIIe siècle. Ces exécutions sont nombreuses à une époque marquée par d’importants troubles politiques et religieux. Elles ont lieu en place publique, se veulent édifiantes et exemplaires pour les spectateurs, et affirment l’autorité du souverain, qui restaure l’ordre dans le royaume.Cette étude s’organise autour des trois figures fondamentales de la punition : le roi, le peuple et le condamné. La punition entretient toujours un lien très étroit avec l’autorité qui châtie. Nous verrons que les réflexions de Foucault autour du supplice se vérifient dans certaines sources, mais que les écrits et les images ne font pas obligatoirement de ce spectacle une affirmation de l’autorité royale, ni de la justice divine, parfois problématiques. Dans les sources écrites, les spectateurs réagissent souvent à l’exécution capitale et il arrive que les auteurs expliquent les violences populaires dans un cadre extra-judiciaire, comme une tentative de rétablir l'ordre et la justice. Le condamné, lui, est à la fois « acteur » du supplice à travers son comportement sur l’échafaud et « victime ». Ce travail, qui envisage des contextes politiques et religieux différents et compare des sources très diverses, entend montrer que la littérature et l’iconographie construisent une image complexe du spectacle de l’exécution capitale, en particulier à travers les motifs de l’ordre et du désordre qui les traversent. / Our thesis focuses on the representations – textual as well as illustrated – of capital punishments in France, during the second half of the 16th century and the first decades of the 17th century. This period, marked by significant political and religious troubles, saw a large number of public executions, aimed to be edifying and admonitory examples for the audience and to assert the sovereign’s authority to restore order in the realm. This study is centered around the three crucial characters of the punishment: the king, the public and the convicted person. The punishment is always closely linked to the authority which chastises. We’ll see that Foucault’s thoughts about capital punishment are relevant for some sources, but that the writings and the images do not necessarily present this spectacle as an assertion of royal authority, nor of divine justice, sometimes problematical. In the written sources, the audience often react to the execution and authors also attempt to re-establish justice and order during the descriptions of violent popular actions. As for the convicted, they are both “actors” of the executions, through their behaviour on the scaffold, and “victims”. Some traits appear in the convicted’s representations, considering their sex, their age, the religious beliefs of the authors and the different types of texts and images where the convicted are depicted. This study, which considers different political and religious situations and compares very diverse sources, aims to show that literature and images give a complex image of capital punishments’ spectacle, especially through the motifs of order and disorder.

The purpose of this diploma work is to evaluate the work of teaching assistants in supporting the study of convicts with disabilities in the Vocational School in Vinařice Prison. The partial aim of this diploma work is to determine whether the teaching assistants are providing enough support to pupils with disabilities in the level of support that will lead to better learning results and also would enable students to succeed at the open labor market. Diploma work will be divided into the theoretical part and the practical part. The practical part will be elaborated by quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research will be conducted through a questionnaire, which will be focused on support which is provided by teaching assistants while working with students with disabilities and then on the perception on teaching assistants support that is provided to students with disabilities. Qualitative research will include case studies of pupils - convicts with disabilities in the Vocational School Vinařice. KEYWORDS Convicted, treatment programs, specialized department, secondary vocational school, special education center, teaching assistant, disability, mental disability, education

The theme of my diploma thesis is the efficiency of the probation supervision of the system of justice. My aim is to inform wheather and in which way the probation supervision helps to reduce the risk of crime's relapse. This diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is theoretical whereas the second one is practical. In the theoretical paragraph I explain the aims and reasons of probation supervision. The wide scope of taking advantages of this care is also mentioned. I describe all activities connected with the above. The pecularities of youngters's probation supervision are pointe dout, as well. Last but not least I inform about the course of the probation supervision and try to compare alternative sanctions to the imprisonment. A statistic survey of probation supervision in last few years makes a part of my thesis, too. The second part of my thesis is based on my practice in the centre of probation and mediation care. I mention the results of my research among the members of the working team in the above organisation and social worker's for youngsters and adults. I inform about their points of view of this care and connected probléme and thein cooperation. The next paragraph show the way of life of several clients of probation and mediation care. I inform about their situation, crime,...

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the wrongfully convicted person’s possibilities for taking investigative measures in his or her own case, in order to apply for post-conviction relief according to 58:2 p.4 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (SCJP), with a particular focus on preservation of evidence and post-conviction DNA testing. Since the legal requirements for reconsidering the preliminary investigation according to 58:6a SCJP are set high, the convicted is, with very few exceptions, left alone to make his or her own attempt at reinvestigating the case, but without legal right to get access to all the evidential items in the case. This is a huge problem when the convicted would need to let such items get reanalyzed by forensic or scientific experts, in order to exculpate him- or herself, for instance by using the newest DNA technology, which was not available during the preliminary investigation. Hence, there is a great interest in preserving evidence, and in particular “traces” (spår), after the verdict has become legally binding. In this thesis, I argue that evidence, such as “traces”, should be preserved not only in the interest for clearing unsolved crimes in the future, but also for the possibility of a future petition of post-conviction relief - at least if the crime committed was a serious crime. According to my study, it is a common belief among the police, that preservation of evidence called “traces” is unregulated. I argue that The Archives Act, which regulates the general duty of state agencies to preserve official documents, is applicable also regarding these “traces”. Consequently, I propose that all of these types of evidence should be preserved by the agencies. Alternatively, the convicted should be notified by the appropriate agency that the evidence is going to be destroyed and grant him or her a right to request further preservation within a certain time. Moreover, I conclude that there should be a possibility for the convicted to require post-conviction DNA testing in Sweden as exemplified on the federal level in the US, as well as that the legal requirements for reconsidering the preliminary investigation in 58:6a SCJP should be more lenient. Another solution would be to make it possible for the court, according to 58:6b SCJP, to decide upon that the prosecutor should take investigative measures when it can be assumed that it would lead to the reconsideration of the preliminary investigation. If the proposed legislative changes are not taken, at least it should be possible for the prosecutor to take investigative measures, such as initiating the DNA testing, by using the opportunity to partwise reconsideration of the preliminary investigation. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda den oskyldigt dömdes utredningsmöjligheter för att ansöka om resning enligt 58:2 p.4 Rättegångsbalken (RB), med särskilt fokus på bevarande av bevismaterial och begäran om DNA-testning efter lagakraftvunnen dom. Eftersom kravet på förundersökningens återupptagande enligt 58:6a RB ställs högt, är den dömde, med mycket få undantag, lämnad åt att själv vidta utredningsåtgärder, men utan laglig rätt att få tillgång till allt bevismaterial i fallet. Detta är ett stort problem då den dömde skulle behöva få till stånd nya forensiska eller kriminaltekniska analyser på materialet, i syfte att rentvå hen från skuld, genom att exempelvis använda den nyaste DNA-tekniken, som inte fanns tillgänglig vid den ursprungliga förundersökningen. Därför finns det ett starkt intresse av att bevismaterial, främst spår, bevaras efter domen har vunnit laga kraft.  I denna uppsats argumenterar jag för att bevismaterial, såsom spår, inte endast bör bevaras med hänsyn till intresset av att klara upp kalla fall, utan även beträffande möjligheten till framtida ansökan om resning - åtminstone om det brott som begicks var ett allvarligt sådant. Enligt min studie är det en vanlig uppfattning bland polisen att bevarandet av bevismaterial, såsom spår, är oreglerat. Jag argumenterar för att arkivlagen, som reglerar den allmänna skyldigheten för statliga myndigheter att bevara allmänna handlingar, även är tillämplig lag avseende spår. Följaktligen föreslår jag att myndigheter bör bevara alla dessa typer av material. Alternativt borde den dömde underrättas av lämplig myndighet att bevismaterialen ska hävas, och ge hen rätt att begära, inom viss tid, att bevismaterialen ska fortsätta att bevaras. Dessutom konstaterar jag att det bör införas en möjlighet för den dömde att begära ny DNA-testning efter lagakraftvunnen dom i Sverige, likt regleringen på federal nivå i USA, samt att kravet på förundersökningens återupptagande enligt 58:6a RB bör sänkas. En annan lösning skulle vara att göra det möjligt för domstolen i enlighet med 58:6b RB att förelägga åklagaren att vidta viss utredningsåtgärd när det kan antas leda till förundersökningens återupptagande. Om inte dessa förändringar sker bör åklagaren åtminstone ha möjlighet att vidta utredningsåtgärder, som att t.ex. initiera ny DNA-testning, genom att utnyttja möjligheten att delvis återuppta förundersökningen.