This master thesis deals with the problems of Specific Learning Difficulties such as dyslexia, dysgraphia and dysorthography that show especially in the Czech language. The theoretical part concentrates on the personality of the student with Specific Learning Difficulties. It explains the term "Specific Learning Difficulties". The difficulties (mentioned above) and their symptoms are defined there too. It focuses on the aetiology of Specific Learning Difficulties, their diagnostics and re-educational principles. It also contains a short chapter about sense perception which is closely related to the re-education of Specific Learning Difficulties. The practical part offers the list of re-educational tools, methods and activities for the re-education of dyslexia, dysgraphia and dysorthography. This list is supplemented by the set of worksheets that can be used for example during the correction of Specific Learning Difficulties.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa (AFIP) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Testes de triagem de leitura são instrumentos essenciais para professores e profissionais que trabalham no âmbito educacional, visto que proporcionam, de forma rápida e econômica, um levantamento do desempenho dessa habilidade. Contudo, há uma carência desse tipo de instrumento que seja adaptado para a população brasileira. Assim, foi realizado este trabalho acerca do processo de adaptação, para o português do Brasil, de um teste de triagem, The Reading Decision Test (RDT). Este é formado por três subtestes (letras, palavras e sentenças) com nível crescente de dificuldade, tendo cada um deles duas formas equivalentes (F1 e F2). O trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas: (I) tradução das instruções e adaptação dos subtestes para o português brasileiro; e (II) avaliação da adequação da versão brasileira do RDT. A etapa I teve 2 fases: 1) tradução das instruções do RDT e adaptação dos subtestes de palavras e sentenças; 2) análise dos estímulos dos subtestes por juízes especialistas. Na etapa II, foram realizados três estudos, com escolares do 1º ao 5º ano: Estudo 1) administração do RDT em 40 crianças com adequado desempenho escolar, para verificar a adequação dos itens dos subtestes e alterá-los quando necessário; Estudo 2) aplicação em 80 crianças, metade sem e metade com problemas de aprendizagem, tendo os mesmos objetivos do estudo 1, além de comparar o desempenho dessas crianças no RDT com testes já adaptados para população brasileira; Estudo 3) administração do RDT em 230 crianças (n=46), por ano escolar) selecionadas aleatoriamente, com o objetivos de avaliar as propriedades psicométricas inicias dos subtestes. A partir dos estudos 1 e 2, foi possível realizar a substituição de itens, por meio da análise do índice de dificuldade (ID) e correlação item-total (I-T). No estudo 2, observou-se, diferença significativa entre o desempenho dos grupos sem e com problemas de aprendizagem nos três subteste do RDT (p<0,05). Os subtestes de letras e de palavras mostraram correlação moderada (p<0,05) com testes já adaptados, entretanto, o de sentenças apresentou relação fraca (p<0,05). No estudo 3, a análise dos itens de cada forma dos três subtestes mostrou efeito significativo do ano escolar. Houve diferença estatística (p<0,01) no reconhecimento dos dois tipos de itens que formam os subtestes de palavras (palavras e pseudopalavras) e sentenças (sentenças verdadeiras e absurdas) em todos os anos escolares, nas duas formas dos subtestes. A análise da velocidade de leitura mostrou diferença significante (p<0,05) no número de acertos, nos anos escolares, em ambas as formas dos três subtestes. A análise de correlação intra-classe (ICC) indicou correlação moderada entre as duas formas do subteste de letras (ICC=0,68), mas forte correlação entre as formas dos subtestes de palavras (ICC=0,90) e sentenças (ICC=0,90) (p<0,05). Assim, conclui-se que os subtestes da versão brasileira do RDT apresentam propriedades psicométricas iniciais adequadas, podendo ser essa a versão final do teste. / Screening tests in reading are essential for teachers and professionals working on the field of education, as these instruments provide a fast and economic measure of reading disabilities. So, this study aimed at adapting a screening test for reading, The Reading Decision Test (RDT), to Brazilian Portuguese. This test is made up of three subtests (letter, words and sentences) with increasing difficulty levels. Each subtest had two equivalent forms (F1 and F2). This research was carried out in two stages: (I) translation of the instructions and adaptation of the subtests to Brazilian Portuguese; and (II) assessment of the adaptation of the Brazilian version of the RDT. Stage I has two phases: 1) translation of the instructions of the RDT and adaptation of the word and sentence subtests; 2) analyses of the stimuli of the subtests by specialist judges. Stage II was made up of three studies, with schoolchildren from the 1st to 5th year: Study 1) RDT tested on 40 children with adequate school performance, to assess the adaptation of the items and the necessity of changes; Study 2) test application in 80 children, half with and half without learning problems, with the same aim as study 1, as well as to compare the performance of these children on the RDT in relation to other tests already adapted to the Brazilian population; Study 3) administration of the RDT in 230 randomly selected children (n=46 from each year), in order to assess the initial psychometric properties of the subtests. From studies 1 and 2, it was possible to substitute the items, by means of difficulty index analyses (DI) and item-total correlation (I-T). In study 2, a significant difference between the groups with and without learning problems was observed on all three subtests (p<0.05). The letter and words subtests showed moderate correlation (p<0,05) with the other tests already adapted to the Brazilian population, but the sentences subtest showed a weak correlation (p<0.05). In study 3, the analysis of the items in each subtest showed a significant effect for schoolyear. There was a significant statistical difference (p<0.01) on the recognition of both types of items in the words (real words and pseudowords) and sentences subtest (true and absurd sentences) in F1 and F2. The reading speed analyses showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of right answers, in each school year, in both forms of all three subtests. The intra-class correlation (ICC) showed a moderate correlation between F1 and F2 on the letter (ICC=0.68) subtest, and a strong correlation on the words (ICC=0.90) and sentences (ICC=0.90) subtests (p<0.05). In conclusion, all three subtests of the Brazilian version of the Reading Decision Test show adequate initial psychometric properties, and this may be considered as the final version of the test. / FAPESP: 2008/07586-2 / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / A análise dos processos cognitivos subjacentes aos processos de leitura e escrita pode auxiliar na identificação de diferentes perfis de leitura. No presente estudo o objetivo foi comparar crianças disléxicas a dois grupos controle: um pareado por idade cronológica e outro pelo nível de leitura, a fim de verificar possíveis diferenças no desempenho dos grupos em uma bateria de leitura e escrita nacional. Método: foram avaliados 28 disléxicos (DX) de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 9,82 (±1,44) anos, estudantes de escolas públicas e particulares. Estes foram comparados com: 1) Grupo Controle por Idade (AC), composto por 26 leitores competentes, com idade média de 9,77 (±1,37) anos, pareados por idade, série, sexo e tipo de escola; 2) Grupo Controle por nível de leitura (RC), composto por 28 leitores com idade média de 7,82 (±1,06) anos, pareados por sexo, tipo de escola e desempenho de leitura em tarefa de compreensão de sentenças (TCSE). Os grupos foram avaliados em quatro provas da Bateria de Leitura e Escrita Computadorizada - a BALEComputadorizada: o Teste de Competência de Leitura de Sentença (TCSE), Teste de Competência de Sentença Falada (TCSF), Teste de Competência de Leitura de Palavra (TCLP) e Teste de Nomeação de Figuras por Escrita (TENOFE). Estas provas avaliam o padrão de leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras, leitura de sentenças, compreensão de sentença oral e escrita de palavras. Resultados indicaram que disléxicos apresentaram um total de acertos inferior e tempo médio de execução mais elevado, quando comparados ao grupo AC em todas as tarefas. Quando comparados ao grupo RC, não foram observadas diferenças no total de acertos das provas de leitura, nem na prova de compreensão oral. Entretanto, disléxicos permaneceram com uma lentidão no tempo de execução da leitura e obtiveram um escore total na escrita significativamente inferior, mesmo quando comparados aos leitores mais novos. Análises detalhadas dos tipos de erro na prova de leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras (TCLP) apontaram que disléxicos obtiveram escores inferiores aos dois grupos na leitura de pseudopalavras, principalmente as que envolviam um processamento fonológico, ou decodificação ortográfica. Discussão/Conclusão: Disléxicos têm desempenho semelhante ao de leitores mais novos no total de acertos de leitura de palavras e na compreensão oral de sentenças, porém déficits específicos na decodificação fonológica e no armazenamento visual (léxico), bem como na velocidade do processamento da leitura, diferem estes grupos. / The analysis of undergoing cognitive processes in reading and writing skills can help us distinguish different profiles of reading abilities. The present study aims to compare the performance of dyslexic children with two individually matched control groups (one contrasting in reading competence, but not age and a second contrasting in age, but not in reading competence) in a Brazilian Reading and Writing Battery. Participants were: 28 dyslexics of both genders, with mean age of 9,82 (±1,44) years, studying in public and private schools. These were matched to: 1) an Age Control Group (AC): composed of 26 good readers, with mean age of 9,77 (±1,44) years, matched by age, sex, years of schooling and type of school. 2) Reading Control Group (RC): composed of 28 younger controls, with a mean age of 7,82 (±1,06) years, matched by sex, type of school and reading level. All groups were tested on 4 tasks of the battery entitled “BALE”. These were: 1. Sentence Reading Comprehension Test (SRCT), 2. Sentence Hearing Comprehension Test (SHCT), 3.Picture-Print Writing Test (PPWT 1.1-Writing) and 4. Word Reading Competence Test (WRCT). Such tasks evaluate sentence reading comprehension, oral sentence comprehension, spelling and reading of isolated words and pseudowords. Results showed dyslexics obtained lower total scores and a higher execution time, when compared AC. When compared to RC, no differences in total scores of reading tasks or oral comprehension tasks were observed. However, dyslexics presented a slower reading speed, with a higher execution time and a lower score in spelling tasks, even when compared to younger controls. Detailed analysis of types of errors on word and pseudoword reading, demonstrated that dyslexics obtained lower scores in the reading of pseudowords, when compared to both groups. Such findings suggest that overall scores of dyslexics were similar to the younger readers. However, specific deficits in phonological and visual decoding, showed both groups have different underpinning reading strategies. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Submitted by Camila Bahia (camilabagoes@gmail.com) on 2015-09-23T01:33:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Camila_Versão final.pdf: 1077794 bytes, checksum: 8b2f91694083a4024e25a0d5780dc665 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-10-26T16:08:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Camila_Versão final.pdf: 1077794 bytes, checksum: 8b2f91694083a4024e25a0d5780dc665 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T16:08:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Camila_Versão final.pdf: 1077794 bytes, checksum: 8b2f91694083a4024e25a0d5780dc665 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Capes / A escola é o espaço responsável por desenvolver um trabalho sistemático e processual para a garantia das competências de leitura e escrita necessárias para a inserção da sociedade grafocêntrica. Por isso, é no ambiente escolar e, portanto, no processo de alfabetização e leiturização que se observa o aparecimento de transtornos específicos da aprendizagem, a exemplo da dislexia, transtorno ligado estritamente à dificuldade no desenvolvimento da leitura e consequentemente, da escrita. Realizada mediante pesquisa qualitativa, através de um estudo exploratório, esta investigação objetivou analisar os sentidos que professoras do ensino fundamental I atribuem as práticas pedagógicas de leitura e escrita desenvolvidas com estudantes diagnosticados com dislexia. Para atingir tal objetivo, o processo de coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas realizadas com 10 professoras que atendem o critério de já terem atuado com estudantes com o diagnóstico de dislexia na sala de aula. O embasamento teórico que subsidiou a análise dos dados levantados fundamentou-se em autores como Díaz (2011); Dockrell (2000); Farrell (2008); Garcia (1998); Fonseca (1995); Seabra e Capovilla (2011), dentre outros. Os resultados demonstraram que as professoras, em sua maioria, apresentam experiências significativas na utilização de estratégias de ensino para o desenvolvimento das práticas de leitura e escrita com estudantes com o diagnóstico de dislexia, tais como: leitura de textos curtos; cruzadinhas; textos lacunados; trabalhos com rimas; caça palavras; dentre outras, analisando-as como exitosas. Considera-se que as proposições encontradas não se constituem como práticas únicas, porém entende-se a importância deste estudo para a área da educação, pois coloca o professor no lugar de sujeito ativo no ensino das competências de ler e escrever dos estudantes com dislexia. / ABSTRACT The school is the area responsible for developing a systematic and procedural work to guarantee the reading and writing skills necessary for entering the grafocêntrica society. So it is in the school environment and therefore in the process of literacy and leiturização that we observe the appearance of specific learning disorders, like dyslexia, disorder linked strictly to the difficulty in the development of reading and hence writing. Conducted by qualitative research through an exploratory study, this research aimed to analyze the meanings that teachers of elementary school I attribute the pedagogical practices of reading and writing developed with students diagnosed with dyslexia. To achieve this goal, the data collection process occurred through interviews with 10 teachers who meet the criteria of having already worked with students diagnosed with dyslexia in the classroom. The theoretical framework that supported the analysis of the data was based on authors like Díaz (2011); Dockrell (2000); Farrell (2008); Garcia (1998); Fonseca (1995); Seabra and Capovilla (2011), among others. The results showed that the teachers, mostly have significant experience in the use of teaching strategies for the development of reading and writing practices with students diagnosed with dyslexia, such as reading short texts; crosswords; lacunados texts; work with rhymes; hunting words; among others, analyzing them as successful. It is considered that the proposals are not found as the only practical, but understands the importance of this study for the area of education because it puts the teacher in the active subject of place in the teaching of reading and writing skills of students with dyslexia.

Specific learning disabilities and social aspects are the key terms characterizing this diploma thesis. They are also the main theme of research. This issue is greatly widespread nowadays. These defects (disorders) represent a significant social problem all over the world. A psychological burden has influence not only on those children themselves, but also on parents as well as teachers. Except the negative influence on a child´s school success, specific learning disabilities have a secondary impact. They influence pupils´ self-assessment and their life among peers. The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine a severe impact of specific learning disabilities on a child´s self-assessment and its position among classmates. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on the interpretation of knowledge about the theme. There is briefly mentioned a historical overview of specific learning disabilities and it describes the origin, demonstration or occurrence of the most widespread specific learning disability - dyslexia - especially its social aspects. The practical part acquaints readers with research. There is a sample of tested children with their casuistries, tests and results with tables and charts.

This thesis deals with specific learning disorders (SPU). It declares basic terms and definitions connected to this field. The aim is to learn what children with SPU have to go through and what methods we select during the care of them to help them to join standard life at an early age. Parental and institutional help together with the help of teachers are parts of this thesis as well. In a questionnaire survey is traced the fact whether both teachers at elementary schools and parents are sufficiently informed about SPU and whether they are able to identify pupils with SPU and with help of various methods, procedures and skills to work with them.

The diploma thesis is focused on a specific learning disability, so called dyslexia. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. Basic characteristics, symptoms and causes of specific learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, dysortographia and dyscalculia, are desctibed in the theoretical part of the thesis. Special attention is devoted to the differences in terminology of the specific learning disabilities. The practical part analyses time aspect of dyslexia diagnosis, re-education process, and further-more, the frequency of incidence according to the gender issues.

The thesis is focused on children with reading and writing disorders from the perspective of parents. The work is characterized by specific learning issues with focus on dyslexia and other learning disabilities. It also deals with possible causes, diagnosis and correction of specific learning disabilities. Research is focused on the educanional development of children with reading disabilities from the perspective of parents. To what extent are parents aware of the problems of dyslexia, how they perceive your child's diagnosis and how it affected access to it.

This diploma thesis focuses on the Basic study centers in the Czech Republic. It maps its foundation, goals, roles and study technology. Also, it is concerned with the parent´s reactions on the results of the educational program. It deals with the evaluation of the cooperation between teachers and Basic teachers. This diploma thesis also contains a student evaluation of the program.

abstract: Children with dyslexia have difficulty learning to read. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of simultaneous multisensory structured language (multisensory) instruction promoted better letter name and sound production, word reading, and word spelling for second grade children with typical development (TD; N=6) or with dyslexia (DYS; N=5) than structured language instruction alone. The use of non-English graphemes (letters) to represent two pretend languages were used to control for children’s lexical knowledge. A multiple baseline, multiple probe across subjects single-case design, paired with an alternating treatments design, was used to compare the efficacy of multisensory and structure language interventions. Participant’s graphed data was visually analyzed and individual Tau-U and weighted Tau-U effect sizes were calculated for the outcome variables: letter name production, letter sound production, word reading, and word spelling. Both interventions had an overall effect for participants with TD and DYS, though for individual participants intervention effects varied across outcome variables. However, the multisensory intervention did not provide a clear advantage over the structured intervention for participants with TD or DYS. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Speech and Hearing Science 2016