La plupart des réseaux WSN utilisent une bande passante industrielle, scientifique et médicale (ISM) sans licence, qui crée un phénomène probable d'interférence sur un canal donné. Le débit du système est influencé par les interférences car il peut être encombré, causant des pertes de paquets, des retransmissions, une instabilité de liaison et un comportement de protocole incohérent. Dans la recherche sur les réseaux de capteurs sans fil, la simulation est l’une des approches essentielles pour évaluer un protocole de système ou de performance. La précision des résultats estimés dépend des paramètres de simulation sélectionnés. Dans les analyses existantes sur WSN, des modèles d'interférence simples sont utilisés dans les simulations. Cependant, ces modèles d'interférence ne sont pas assez précis pour l'analyse pratique d'applications de réseau de capteurs sans fil. De plus, la croissance rapide dans le domaine des réseaux WSN implique la nécessité de créer de nouveaux simulateurs dotés de capacités plus spécifiques pour lutter contre les effets de propagation par brouillage et par trajets multiples. La recherche a pour objectif principal de rechercher un environnement de simulation approprié permettant aux chercheurs de vérifier de nouvelles idées et de comparer les solutions futures. / Most of WSNs use unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band that makes interference probable phenomenon on a given channel.System throughput gets influenced by the interference as it can congest wireless medium, cause packet drops, re-transmissions, link instability, and inconsistent protocol behavior. In wireless sensor network research, simulation is one of the essential approaches to asses and evaluate system or protocol performance. The accuracy of estimated results depends on selected simulation parameters. In existing analysis on WSN, simple interference models are used in simulations. However, these interference models are not accurate enough for practical wireless sensor network applications analysis.Moreover, the rapid growth in the field of WSNs entails the need of creating new simulators that have more specific capabilities to tackle interference and multipath propagation effects.Finding a suitable simulation environment that allows researchers to verify new ideas and compare proposed future solutions is main task of this research.

Les capacités physiques et cognitives diminuent considérablement à cause du vieillissement. Les problèmes de santé liées au vieillissement présentent une grande charge pour la santé publique. Aujourd’hui, les services gériatriques ne sont pas suffisants pour détecter les problèmes de santé dans les premiers stades de leur évolution, dans le but d’améliorer l’évaluation et l’intervention médicale des personnes âgées. Traduire ces besoins gériatriques à travers les services existants est essentiel pour améliorer leur impact. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, je propose une approche technologique qui utilise des technologies non-intrusives pour analyser le comportement des personnes âgés sur de longues périodes et détecter des possibilités d’évolution de maladies physiques ou cognitives. Des références gériatriques internationales me permettent d’identifier des indicateurs de changement de comportement qui peuvent être suivis à travers de technologies non-intrusives sans interférer avec le comportement naturel des personnes âgées. J’analyse ces indicateurs en considérant plusieurs dimensions spatio-temporelles, et utilisant des techniques de détection de changement qui différencient les changements transitoires et continus dans le comportement suivi. Je valide mon approche proposée à travers un déploiement réel de 3 ans dans une maison de retraite et des maisons individuelles.Je propose une méthodologie de détection précoce et non-intrusive des possibilités de changement dans l’état de santé. Des entretiens personnels avec les personnes âgées, les membres de la famille, les médecins gériatres et les infirmières de la maison de retraite me permettent d’identifier leurs besoins gériatriques. Les parties prenantes de mes services proposés ont besoin d’une information fiable à propos des changements possibles dans l’état de santé le plus tôt possible, sans suivre les personnes d’une manière intrusive. Afin de traduire ces besoins gériatriques, je propose une approche technologique qui utilise des technologies non-intrusives pour suivre les personnes âgées pendant des semaines et des mois, et identifier des changements possible dans leur comportement fortement liés à des problèmes physiques ou cognitifs.Mon service web ChangeTracker implémente ma méthodologie. ChangeTracker analyse le comportement des personnes âgées en ligne et détecte des changements possibles chaque jour. Je développe des algorithmes qui convertissent les données de capteurs brutes en données inférées en relation avec l’état de santé de la personne suivie. Des techniques de détection de changement (par ex., des techniques statistiques, probabilistes et d’apprentissage) distinguent les changements temporaires et continus dans le comportement de la personne.Une validation réelle de mon approche a lieu dans 3 villes françaises Montpellier, Lattes et Occagnes. Les résultats expérimentaux de 25 participants validement ma détection précoce et non-intrusive des changements de santé. Les 25 participants vivent seuls à domicile ou dans une maison de retraite. Dans mon cas d’étude, j’installe des capteurs de mouvement dans chaque chambre de la maison et des capteurs de contact sur chaque porte principale. Ces capteurs collectent mes données de suivi pendant 3 ans. Mes algorithmes analysent ces données, calculent des indicateurs gériatriques significatifs, et détectent des changements possibles en corrélation avec l’état de santé. / Aging process is associated with serious decline in physical and cognitive abilities. Aging-related health problems present growing burden on public health and economy. Nowadays, existing geriatric services have limitations in terms of early detecting possible health changes toward better adaptation of medical assessment and intervention for elderly people. Bridging the gap between these geriatric needs and existing services is a major enabler to improve their impact. In this thesis, proposed technological approach employs unobtrusiveInternet of Things (IoT) technologies for long-term behavior monitoring and early detection of possible changes. Proposed methodology identifies geriatric indicators that can be monitored via unobtrusive IoT technologies, and are associated with physical and cognitive problems. This thesis develops data processing algorithms that convert raw sensor data into geriatric indicators. These geriatric indicators are analyzed on a daily basis, in order to early detect possible changes. This thesis evaluates and adapts further statistical, probabilistic and machine-learning techniques for long-term change detection. Adapting these techniques discards transient deviations, and retains permanent changes in monitored behavior. Real 3-year deployments in nursing home and individual houses validate proposed approach. Medical clinic geriatrician and nursing home team validate medical relevance of detected changes.

O trabalho manual com facas nos frigoríficos geram altos índices de problemas ergonômicos, sendo um fator agravante o uso de facas com afiação deficitária que prejudica sua usabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma inovação tecnológica aplicando o conceito de Internet das Coisas na criação de produtos inteligentes que permita aos frigoríficos atender requisitos informacionais de controle e registro de afiação das facas em uso e simultaneamente, propor alternativas de modelos de negócios que gerem vantagens econômicas para a empresa focal e seus clientes. Inicialmente é relatado o processo de desenvolvimento da inovação tecnológica batizada com o nome comercial SMARTKNIVES, a qual agrega à faca características de um produto inteligente que registra e compartilha dados e interage com outros sistemas. O valor adicional da informação gerada com os dados coletados permite para a empresa focal repensar seu formato de exploração comercial da inovação desenvolvida. São propostas três alternativas de modelo de negócio no conceito de Sistema Produto-Serviço após (i) revisão da literatura acerca de modelos de negócios com uso de Internet das Coisas e inovações tecnológicas, (ii) levantamento de dados sobre consumo e custo com facas tradicionais em dois frigoríficos brasileiros e (iii) comparação dos dados no modelo tradicional versus modelos propostos com o uso dos produtos SMARTKNIVES. Como resultado, foi possível atender os requisitos informacionais e normativos para o setor de frigoríficos brasileiros e observar a possibilidade de um aumento na vida útil dos produtos inteligentes. Tal aumento, aliado às novas possibilidades de monetização e modelos de negócios tipo PSS, permitem vantagens econômicas mais vantajosas que o cenário atual. / The manual work with knives in the slaughterhouses generates high rates of ergonomic problems, being an aggravating factor, the use of knives with poor edging that hinders its usability requiring greater physical effort during the labor activity. The objective of this paper is to develop a technological innovation that helps in the solution of the problems related to the sharpening and use of knives in the slaughterhouses and that still makes possible the proposition of innovations in business models that allow economic advantages for the manufacturer and their customers. This study in a first moment (Chapter 2) reports the process of developing a technological innovation for using knives in slaughterhouses trade named SMARTKNIVES that aggregates the knife features a smart product designed to integrate the day to day problems of customers, recording and sharing data as well as interacting naturally with other systems using Internet of things. The additional value of the information resulting from this development allows the focal company to rethink its format of commercial exploitation of the developed innovation. In the second stage of this study (chapter 3) the researcher proposes three new business model possibilities in the concept of Product-Service System (PSS) after; (i) review of the literature on business models with use of Internet of Things and technological innovations, (ii) data collection on consumption and cost in two Brazilian slaughterhouses using traditional knives and (iii) comparison with the results predicted by the focal company if the slaughterers used SMARTKNIVES products. The paper concludes that the proposed objectives were achieved because the technological innovation developed helps in the problem of knife sharpening in slaughterhouses and also allows the proposition of new business models economically more advantageous than the current one.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T13:04:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSTAVO IERVOLINO DE MORAIS.pdf: 4929600 bytes, checksum: 01e42f70e6b846ac7004d007a1459140 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T13:04:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSTAVO IERVOLINO DE MORAIS.pdf: 4929600 bytes, checksum: 01e42f70e6b846ac7004d007a1459140 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Household appliances are not certified to be marketed in Brazil as regards emission aspects of electromagnetic disturbance, which may affect the functionalities of telecommunications systems, as well as the advancement of technologies, such as IoT (Internet of Things), being the WSN widely used within Iot, due to its flexibility and the low cost. This work evaluates the levels of electromagnetic disturbances generated by household appliances and how much these disturbances can affect the functioning of WSN. The work was divided in 3 stages and in all of them the Semi-Anechoic Chamber was used, being the first stage the evaluation of the electromagnetic disturbances of the household appliances, if they meet the normative requirements used in Europe, secondly a characterization of the WSN, being evaluated the RSSI and the PER, and finally the appliance with the highest interfering level was placed with the WSN to evaluate RSSI and PER. The results showed that the household appliances do not meet the normative limits and significantly affect the functioning of an WSN. / Os equipamentos eletrodom?sticos n?o possuem certifica??o para serem comercializados no Brasil quanto aos aspectos de emiss?o de perturba??o eletromagn?tica o que pode afetar as funcionalidades dos sistemas de telecomunica??es, bem como o avan?o de tecnologias, como por exemplo, o IoT (Internet das coisas), sendo a RSSF amplamente utilizada dentro de Iot, devido sua flexibilidade e o baixo custo. Este trabalho avalia os n?veis das perturba??es eletromagn?ticas geradas pelos equipamentos eletrodom?sticos e o quanto estas perturba??es podem afetar o funcionamento de RSSF. O trabalho foi dividido em 3 etapas e em todas elas foram utilizadas a C?mara Semi-anec?ica, sendo a primeira etapa a avalia??o das perturba??es eletromagn?ticas dos equipamentos eletrodom?sticos, se atendem aos requisitos normativos utilizados na Europa, em segundo uma caracteriza??o da RSSF, sendo avaliado a RSSI e a PER, e por ?ltimo o eletrodom?stico com maior n?vel interferente foi colocado junto a RSSF para avalia??o de RSSI e da PER. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os equipamentos eletrodom?sticos n?o atendem aos limites normativos e afetam significativamente o funcionamento de um RSSF.

O aumento na quantidade e na intensidade de desastres naturais é um problema que está se agravando em todo o mundo. As consequências desses desastres são significantemente ampliadas quando ocorrem em regiões urbanas ou com atuação humana devido à perda de vidas e à quantidade de bens materiais afetados. O uso de redes de sensores sem fio para a coleta de dados e o uso de técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para a previsão de desastres naturais são opções viáveis, porém novas tendências tecnológicas têm se mostrado promissoras e podem agregar na tarefa de monitoramento de ambientes e na previsão de desastres naturais. Uma dessas tendências é adotar redes de sensores baseadas em IP e utilizar padrões emergentes para IoT. Nesse contexto, esta Tese propõe e analisa uma abordagem chamada SENDI (System for dEtecting and forecasting Natural Disasters based on IoT), um sistema tolerante a falhas baseado em IoT, WSN e AM para a detecção e a previsão de desastres naturais. O SENDI foi modelado empregando o ns-3 e validado utilizando dados coletados por uma WSN real instalada na cidade de São Carlos - Brasil, a qual realiza a coleta de dados de rios da região. Esse sistema também prevê a possibilidade de falhas na comunicação e a perda de nós durante a ocorrência de desastres, além de agregar inteligência aos nós para realizar a distribuição de dados e de previsões, mesmo nesses casos. Esta Tese também apresenta um estudo de caso sobre previsão de enchentes que utiliza a modelagem do sistema e os dados colhidos pela WSN. Os resultados dos experimentos mostram que o SENDI permite gerar alertas para a tomada de decisões em tempo hábil, realizando as previsões mesmo com falhas parciais no sistema, porém com acurácia variável dependendo do nível de degradação do mesmo. / Natural disasters have been increasing intensely all around the globe. The consequences of these disasters are significantly amplified when they occur in urban areas or places where there are human activities due to loss of lives and assets. The usage of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for data collection and Machine Learning (ML) to create natural disasters forecast models are viable options. However, new technology trends have been showing promising results, which can aggregate to the tasks of environmental monitoring and natural disasters forecast. One of these new trends is to adopt IP based sensor networks and to use emergent Internet of Things (IoT) standards. In this context, this Thesis presents and analyzes an approach called SENDI (System for dEtecting and forecasting Natural Disasters based on IoT), a fault-tolerant system based on IoT, ML and WSN to detect and forecast natural disasters. SENDI was modelled using ns-3 and validated by means of real data collected by a WSN installed in São Carlos - Brazil, which collects the data of rivers around the region. This system also foresees the possibility of communication failures and loss of nodes during disasters, also adding intelligence to the nodes in order to perform the distribution of data and forecasts, even in such cases. This Thesis presents a case study about flash flooding forecast as well, which uses the system model and the data collected by the WSN. The results of the experiments show that SENDI allows to generate warnings in time to make decisions as such predictions can be foreseen even if partial failure of the system occurs. However, there is a variable accuracy, which depends on the system degradation.

Neste trabalho pretende-se identificar qual é a importância dada e como são feitos os estudos com usuários nas etapas de planejamento e desenvolvimento de dispositivos informacionais disponíveis dentro dos automóveis e como a área da Ciência da Informação, protagonistas nos estudos de necessidades, busca e uso de informação pelos indivíduos nos mais diferentes suportes de tecnologia de informação e comunicação, é relacionada ou pode ser agregada aos projetos. Dentro do guarda-chuva da Internet das Coisas, as fabricantes de automóveis e empresas de tecnologia vivem uma corrida intensa para oferecer mais conteúdos e aplicações que centralizem mais e novas funcionalidades. O carro já está se transformando em um espaço de interação, um lugar comum do usuário onde ele consegue aproximar e integrar suas tecnologias pessoais. Inúmeros trabalhos tentam identificar inovações e soluções, uma das reuniões bem sólidas que tenta avaliar o contexto do usuário dentro das interfaces veiculares, são as Conferências AutomotiveUI, Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. Entretanto, após ser feito um mapeamento nos artigos publicados, percebeu-se que apenas 50% contavam com estudos com usuários, sendo que destes, a grande maioria possuia uma visão extremamente orientada às tarefas e sistemas. Ao contrário do que ressalta a Ciência da Informação, os participantes das pesquisas apresentavam um papel meramente espectador e estatístico, sendo estruturados dentro de diversos exercícios de simulação de condução e análises estatísticas. Entender os contextos, perspectivas, necessidades, interações, emoções, aspectos cognitivos e situacionais, são essenciais para identificar como uma pessoa interage com um sistema ou como desempenha atividade rotineiras e soluciona seus questionamentos. A dúvidia que aparece é até quando o foco continuará nos objetos e quando termos como Internet das Coisas passarão a ser reconhecidos como Internet dos Indivíduos. A aproximação entre as áreas é dada como recomendação visando a maior satisfação, conforto e segurança de todos os envolvidos nessa corrida por um quebra-cabeça tecnológico. / This work intend to identify the importance given to the study with users and how they are done during the planning and development stages of information devices in-car and how the Information Science area, protagonists in the study of needs, search and use of information in the most diverse media of information and communication technology, is related or can be added to the projects. Within the umbrella of Internet of Things, car manufacturers and technology companies are in an intense race to offer more content and applications. The car is already turning into a space of interaction, a common place where the users can approach and integrate their personal technologies. Numerous papers try to identify innovations and solutions, one of the most solid meetings that tries to assess the user context within the vehicular interfaces, are the Conferences AutomotiveUI, Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. However, after a mapping of the published articles, it was noticed that only 50% had studies with users, and the majority of them had a vision extremely oriented to tasks and systems. Contrary to what is emphasized in Information Science, the research participants presented a merely spectator and statistical role, being structured in several exercises of drive simulation and statistical analyzes. Understanding the contexts, perspectives, needs, interactions, emotions, cognitive and situational aspects are essential to identify how a person interacts with a system, performs routine activity and solves questions. The doubt that appears is until when the focus will continue on the objects and when term as Internet of Things will be recognized as Internet of the Individuals. The areas approximation is given as a recommendation for the highest satisfaction, comfort and safety of all those involved in this race for a technological puzzle.

The increase in connectivity and use of “smart” devices offers companies new possibilities to improve their efficiency by using digitalization. For example, booking of meeting rooms have gone from using a paper calendar to electronic booking. To enable both digital remote booking, as well as being able to book a room directly (as with a paper calendar) this project has developed a room manager system. The room manager is a device that provides a quick and intuitive way for employees to handle conference room booking. The project was started on behalf of the company ÅF, who would like to optimize their use of conference rooms.  The result was a fully functional touchscreen device built using a Raspberry Pi. The room manager integrates successfully with the existing calendar system used at ÅF and meets all the requirements set by ÅF. The device will be used to determine if a room manager system is worth investing in and may be used as a foundation for continued development.

L'internet des objets (IoT) est aujourd'hui un moyen d'innovation et de transformation pour de nombreuses entreprises. Les applications s'étendent à un grand nombre de domaines, tels que les villes intelligentes, les maisons intelligentes, la santé, etc. Le Groupe Gartner estime à 21 milliards le nombre d'objets connectés d'ici 2020. Le grand nombre d'objets connectés introduit des problèmes, tels que la conformité et l'interopérabilité en raison de l'hétérogénéité des protocoles de communication et de l'absence d'une norme mondialement acceptée. Le grand nombre d'utilisations introduit des problèmes de déploiement sécurisé et d'évolution du réseau des IoT pour former des infrastructures de grande taille. Cette thèse aborde la problématique de la validation de l'internet des objets pour répondre aux défis des systèmes IoT. Pour cela, nous proposons une approche utilisant la génération de tests à partir de modèles (MBT). Nous avons confronté cette approche à travers de multiples expérimentations utilisant des systèmes réels grâce à notre participation à des projets internationaux. L'effort important qui doit être fait sur les aspects du test rappelle à tout développeur de système IoT que: ne rien faire est plus cher que de faire au fur et à mesure. / The Internet of Things (IoT) is nowadays globally a mean of innovation and transformation for many companies. Applications extend to a large number of domains, such as smart cities, smart homes, healthcare, etc. The Gartner Group estimates an increase up to 21 billion connected things by 2020. The large span of "things" introduces problematic aspects, such as conformance and interoperability due to the heterogeneity of communication protocols and the lack of a globally-accepted standard. The large span of usages introduces problems regarding secure deployments and scalability of the network over large-scale infrastructures. This thesis deals with the problem of the validation of the Internet of Things to meet the challenges of IoT systems. For that, we propose an approach using the generation of tests from models (MBT). We have confronted this approach through multiple experiments using real systems thanks to our participation in international projects. The important effort which is needed to be placed on the testing aspects reminds every IoT system developer that doing nothing is more expensive later on than doing it on the go.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-10T16:18:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Wunsch_.pdf: 1561848 bytes, checksum: a76d1849547a47a7e7387c9be36d2f92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T16:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Wunsch_.pdf: 1561848 bytes, checksum: a76d1849547a47a7e7387c9be36d2f92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Triagem é um processo realizado nos departamentos de emergência de hospitais que visa ordenar o atendimento dos pacientes de acordo com suas necessidades de cuidados. Por outro lado, um sistema de alerta precoce se trata de um protocolo empregado pelos hospitais para detectar a deterioração dos sinais vitais (gravidade) dos pacientes. Quando bem efetuados, esses processos podem potencialmente aumentar as chances de vida dos pacientes com alto grau de complicações, guiando seu tratamento e o correto diagnóstico. A mobilidade é uma necessidade por profissionais da área de saúde para desempenhar suas atividades diárias e isso vai ao encontro da ascensão da computação móvel e ubíqua. Dispositivos vestíveis e dispositivos inteligentesestão cada vez mais presentes no nosso cotidiano. Com isso, esse trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo computacional, denominado de UbiTriagem 2, para apoio ao processo triagem que suporta um sistema de alerta precoce, fazendo o uso dos conceitos da computação móvel e ubíqua e Internet das coisas voltados à área de saúde. A principal contribuição científica desse trabalho foi prever a interoperabilidade entre diferentes protocolos de triagem e de deterioração de sinais vitais (gravidade) empregados hoje nos hospitais fazendo o uso de uma ontologia. Além disso, outra preocupação foi agregar, também nessa ontologia, informações coletadas de diferentes sensores IoT (como fonte de dados) para inferir a triagem e a gravidade dos pacientes. O modelo foi avaliado através de cenários, que mostraram que o modelo está apto para ser utilizado em um departamento de emergência. Em relação à triagem, foi possível concluir que o modelo foi capaz de determinar corretamente a classificação do paciente em 93,33% das situações avaliadas e, com pequenos ajustes, atingimos 100% dos casos. O sistema de alerta precoce se mostrou assertivo em 86,71% dos casos, por outro lado podemos concluir que ele se assemelha muito à avaliação qualitativa efetuada por um médico regulador especialista em emergências. Além disso em 63,61% de todos os casos atendidos em um departamento de emergência, vindos do SAMU, poderiam ser beneficiados por esse modelo. Por fim, com a avaliação efetuada através da metodologia de grupo focal, podemos destacar como pontos positivo do modelo desenvolvido: a utilização de protocolos já validados; o acompanhamento das filas de atendimento; o uso de dispositivos móveis; a diminuição em erros na utilização dos protocolos; o uso de dispositivos vestíveis para o monitoramento dos pacientes; um modelo não-intrusivo; o auxílio no registro de dados do atendimento; um maior respaldo às decisões dos enfermeiros; a diminuição das taxas de mortalidade e de maiores complicações; e a diminuição no custo do atendimento por paciente. / Triage is a process performed in the emergency department of hospitals aimed at sorting the patients according to their needs of care. On the other hand, an early warning system is a protocol used by hospitals to detect the deterioration of patient’s vital signs. When well performed, these processes can potentially increase the chances of life of patients with a high degree of complications, guiding their treatment and the correct diagnosis. Mobility is a musthave requirement for healthcare professionals to perform their daily activities and this is in the same way with the rise of mobile and ubiquitous computing. Mobile and wearable devices are increasingly present in our daily lives. This study aims to develop a computational model, called UbiTriagem 2, to support the triage process, supporting an early warning system, using the concepts of mobile and ubiquitous computing and Internet of things related to healthcare. The main scientific contribution of this study was to propose the interoperability between different protocols of triage and deterioration of vital signs (severity) used today in hospitals using an ontology. In addition, another concern was to aggregate, also in the ontology, information collected from different IoT sensors (as data source) to infer the triage and severity of patients. The model was evaluated through scenarios, which showed that the model is apt to be used in an emergency department. In relation to the triage, it was possible to conclude that the model was able to correctly determine the patient’s classification in 93.33% of the evaluated situations and, with minor adjustments, reached 100% of the cases. The early warning system was assertive in 86.71% of the cases, on the other hand we can conclude that it closely resembles the qualitative evaluation carried out by an emergency medical regulator. In addition, 63.61% of all cases from SAMU in the emergency department could benefit from this model. Finally, with the evaluation made through the focus group methodology, we can highlight as positive points of the developed model: the use of already validated protocols; the follow-up of the service queues; the use of mobile devices; the decrease in errors in the use of protocols; the use of wearable devices to monitor patients; a non-intrusive model; the aid in recording attendance data; greater support for nurses’ decisions; the reduction of mortality rates and major complications; and the decrease in the cost of care per patient.

The goal for this master thesis is to develop a prototype that uses ultra-wideband (UWB) communications to wirelessly transfer electrocardiogram (ECG) data from an ECG measurement unit to an Android device (smartphone or similar) which is used to process and display the ECG signals. The prototype should consist of two hardware nodes; (1) Node one having a ECG measurement unit (an AD8232 single lead heart rate monitor), an UWB communication module (a Decawave DWM1000 module) and a microcontroller (an Arduino DUE); and (2) Node two having an Android device (an Android smartphone), an UWB communication module (a Decawave DWM1000 module) and a microcontroller (an Arduino DUE). On Node one the AD8232 monitor for ECG measurements is connected to an analog input (with an analog to digital converter (ADC)) on the Arduino and the DWM1000 module is connected to the Arduino via serial peripheral interface (SPI). On Node two the DWM1000 is connected to the Arduino via SPI to receive ECG data from Node one, and the Arduino is connected to the smartphone through a serial USB cable with an USB on-the-go adapter to send the ECG data to the smartphone, where it is filtered and displayed with an Android application. The application has the potential to add, for example, ECG analysis for diagnosing heart activities with artificial intelligence (AI) and further transmit the ECG data for remote medical care. The Arduino is programmed in Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) to handle ECG measurements and UWB communications (transmitting and receiving ECG data), which is limited to a single UWB channel because of limitations of the DWM1000 module. The Android application is created using Android studio, and it can process (with a notch filter) and display 1-12 channel ECG. The prototype has been built and tested. The results show that a single lead ECG measurement can be sent via UWB communication to a smartphone to display in real time. Multiple data channels (1-12 analog inputs on the Arduino) can be multiplexed, transmitted and displayed in real time. This thesis concludes that UWB has huge development potential, and will likely be used for various wireless devices in the future.