[pt] O crescimento da Internet das Coisas (IoT) nos trouxe a oportunidade de criar aplicações em diversas áreas com o uso de sensores e atuadores. Um dos problemas encontrados em sistemas de IoT é a dificuldade de adicionar relações semânticas aos dados brutos produzidos por estes sensores e conseguir inferir novos fatos a partir destas relações. Além disso, devido à natureza destes sistemas, os dados produzidos por eles, conhecidos como streams, precisam ser analisados em tempo real. Streams são uma sequência de elementos de dados com variação de tempo e que não devem ser tratados como dados a serem armazenados para sempre e consultados sob demanda. Os dados em streaming precisam ser consumidos rapidamente por meio de consultas contínuas que analisam e produzem novos dados relevantes. A capacidade de inferir novas relações semânticas sobre dados em streaming é chamada de inferência sobre streams. Nesta pesquisa, propomos um modo semântico e um mecanismo para processamento e inferência sobre streams em tempo real baseados em Processamento de Eventos Complexos (CEP), RDF (Resource Description Framework) e OWL (Web Ontology Language). Apresentamos um middleware que suporta uma inferência contínua sobre dados produzidores por sensores. As principais vantagens de nossa abodagem são: (a) considerar o tempo como uma relação-chave entre a informação; (b) processamento de fluxo por ser implementado usando o CEP; (c) é geral o suficiente para ser aplicado a qualquer sistema de gerenciamento de fluxo de dados (DSMS). Foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Colaboração Avançada (LAC) utlizando e um estudo de caso no domínio da detecção de incêndio é conduzido e implementado, elucidando o uso de inferência em tempo real sobre streams. / [en] The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought the opportunity to create applications in several areas, with the use of sensors and actuators. One of the problems encountered in IoT systems is the difficulty of adding semantic relations to the raw data produced by the sensors and being able to infer new facts from these relations. Moreover, due to the fact that many IoT applications are online and need to react instantly on sensor data collected by them, they need to be analyzed in real-time. Streams are a sequence of time-varying data elements that should not be stored forever and queried on demand. Streaming data needs to be consumed quickly through ongoing queries that continue to analyze and produce new relevant data, i.e. stream of output/result events. The ability to infer new semantic relationships over streaming data is called Stream Reasoning. We propose a semantic model and a mechanism for real-time data stream processing and reasoning based on Complex Event Processing (CEP), RDF (resource description structure) and OWL (Web Ontology Language). This work presents a middleware service that supports continuous reasoning on data produced by sensors. The main advantages of our approach are: (a) to consider time as a key relationship between information; (b) flow processing can be implemented using CEP; (c) is general enough to be applied to any data flow management system (DSMS). It was developed in the Advanced Collaboration Laboratory (LAC) and a case study in the field of fire detection is conducted and implemented, elucidating the use of real-time inference on streams.

Användningen av Internet of Things inom sport är svår att hitta forskning om, inte minst i samband med ridsport. Kandidatarbetet forskar kring problemen vid användning av Internet of Things och hur man implementerar system på bästa sätt. Jag utvecklar en prototyp vars syfte är att underlätta hästhoppning genom att automatisera hästhinder då deltagande observation avslöjade problemen ryttare möter vid hoppträning. Vid varje rivning tvingas ryttaren hoppa ner från hästen och resa bommen, någonting som ödslar tid och energi, men inte minst påverkar hästens rygg. Med hjälp av Internet of Things, context mapping, deltagande observation och design utvecklade jag en produkt som underlättar och effektiviserar hoppträning och tävling. Tillsammans med ryttarna i stallet och i diskussioner har vi fokuserat på att designen är säkerhetsanpassad och att produkten fokuserar på det ryttarna själv anser är viktigt. Med teknikerna raspberry pi, stegmotordrivare och en stegmotor kan ryttaren styra hästhindret direkt från hästryggen och därmed underlätta träningen. / Usage of Internet of Things in relation to sports is a hard subject to find research about, especially with a connection to equestrian sports. This bachelor thesis researches the problems you face when developing Internet of Things and how to implement systems efficiently. I’ve developed a prototype whose purpose is to facilitate showjumping by automating a horse jumping obstacle since participatory observations revealed problems riders face when practicing showjumping. Every time the horse knocks down the bar the rider must jump off the horse and lift the bar up, wasting time and energy, but also with a risk of hurting the horse’s back. By using Internet of Things, context mapping, participatory observations and design I developed a product that facilitate showjump practice and competition. Together with equestrians in the stable and in discussions we’ve focused on making the design safe for the horses and riders, and that the product focuses on what equestrians believe is important. Through the usage of a Rapsberry pi 3, a stepper motor driver and a stepper motor the rider can control the horse jumping obstacle directly from the horse back and thus facilitating the practice.

The so-called Industry 4.0 is by its agitators commonly denoted as the fourth industrial revolution and promises to turn the manufacturing sector on its head. However, everything that glimmers is not gold and in the backwash of hefty consultant fees questions arises: What are the drivers behind Industry 4.0? Which barriers exists? How does one prepare its manufacturing procedures in anticipation of the (if ever) coming era? What is the internet of things and what file sizes’ is characterised as big data? To answer these questions, this thesis aims to resolve the ambiguity surrounding the definitions of Industry 4.0, as well as clarify the fuzziness of a data-driven manufacturing approach. Ergo, the comprehensive usage of data, including collection and storage, quality control, and analysis. In order to do so, this thesis was carried out as a case study at GKN Aerospace Sweden (GAS). Through interviews and observations, as well as a literature review of the subject, the thesis examined different process’ data-driven needs from a quality management perspective. The findings of this thesis show that the collection of quality data at GAS is mainly concerned with explicitly stated customer requirements. As such, the data available for the examined processes is proven inadequate for multivariate analytics. The transition towards a data-driven state of manufacturing involves a five-stage process wherein data collection through sensors is seen as a key enabler for multivariate analytics and a deepened process knowledge. Together, these efforts form the prerequisites for Industry 4.0. In order to effectively start transition towards Industry 4.0, near-time recommendations for GAS includes: capture all data, with emphasize on process data; improve the accessibility of data; and ultimately taking advantage of advanced analytics. Collectively, these undertakings pave the way for the actual improvements of Industry 4.0, such as digital twins, machine cognition, and process self-optimization. Finally, due to the delimitations of the case study, the findings are but generalized for companies with similar characteristics, i.e. complex processes with low volumes.

Background – Through the progress in information and communication technology (ICT) new possibilities to connect smart objects via the internet arose. The number of connected devices had a strong growth in the past years and will continue rising fast in the next years as well. This new kind of smart and connected products (SCP) enables a lot of new product capabilities which have an impact on the creation of new customer value and competition on the market. Related to that, companies have to deal with digitisation and the affects for their products and manufacturing system. Purpose – The purpose of this thesis is to investigate changes in the manufacturing system when the products are getting smarter and connected. A special focus lays on the well-established Lean thinking approach. The results shall help to understand what new circumstances the decision to make the products smarter and connected will bring for a manufacturing department. Methodology – Relevant literature was reviewed to gain a theoretical framework. For gathering primary data, a qualitative case study was applied. Meetings with members of the case company’s management were arranged to conduct interviews. Additionally, observations were made during a guided tour through the production shop-floor and at a company presentation. The interview was recorded, transcribed and evaluated. Afterwards, the results from the case study were analysed and compared with theory based on the theoretical framework. Conclusions were made. Findings – The differences or changes in manufacturing because the products are getting smarter and connected are much more electronic components and software. Furthermore, new operating equipment is needed. The new circumstances require new knowledge and skills. Therefore, people have to be trained. New problems occur e.g. software problems. The use of Lean tools can be more difficult and time-consuming because of missing know-how and improvements itself are becoming more digital. Contribution – This thesis investigated the effects on the manufacturing system when the products get smarter and connected, which nobody did before. A practical case study with interviews, observations and secondary data from the company was applied. Limitations – The findings match reality based on data from the case company. Available time and access to data from the company’s side were limited. This means that the generalisation must be done with caution. However, it can be said that the findings may apply to many other industrial companies of similar size and similar products.

Servitization is a popular term referring to the innovation of an organization’s capabilities and processes to better create mutual value through a shift from selling products to selling Product-Service Systems. It is generally regarded as an innovative business model with great potential for smoother revenue streams, higher profit margins and longer, more closely-knit customer relationships. It is seldom easy to reengineer the business model of an entire organization and the servitization concept does not come without risks and uncertainties. One of the biggest changes when servitizing is the ownership of products; it is no longer necessarily the customer who owns the product, but the producer. This entails new uncertainties surrounding the use and care of the product, leaving the provider with a risk because of a lack of information about how the product is being used. The technology Internet of Things (IoT) can potentially solve this problem by enabling a constant remote data flow from the products in use back to the provider. IFS, the company at which the research of this study took place, develops and supplies enterprise systems (ES) such as enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) and can be described as forward-thinking and innovative. The ERP is a central point for any manufacturing firm, governing data and enabling an organization to automate and integrate a comprehensive part of their business processes, and to produce and access information in real time. In order to build functionality which can be referred to as the “best practice”, and to make a profit doing it, ES providers, such as IFS, need to stay in touch with the market and develop attractive applications in line with the general demand. One way to do this is to collaboratively develop functionality together with customers. In recent years, IFS has developed the product IFS IoT Business Connector in such a collaborative way with a number of pioneer customers. The product enables the collection and analysis of IoT data as well as seamless integration into IFS’ other products. This has opened up possibilities to utilize IoT functionality to support a more efficient provision of services, but the continued successful development of the Business Connector in this direction entails several more collaborative ventures into many different industries. To assist in this, we have concretized how IoT can be used to support a servitization process, as well as how the market has realized and adopted this. This has rendered a conceptual model for judging the suitability of a company, based on the readiness to utilize IoT and servitization respectively. We have then presented which types of customers an ES provider should aim to collaborate with for joint development of functionality in the enterprise system, to enable IoT solutions which can support servitization. This is followed by a presentation of a short market review, and the visualization of the market in the model. From this we draw conclusions about the fit and usefulness of the model, and the market maturity in general. Finally, we present a number of suggestions on how ES providers can work to develop such support in a more efficient manner.

Every day, a new publication on information systems highlights about Cloud of Things (CoT) vulnerabilities; in most of these publications, vulnerability is quoted as the most substantial barrier for CoT realization. However, formulating a justifiable appraisement of the actual vulnerability impact on CoT is difficult because in many of these publications, the term security “vulnerability” is stated incorrectly as a threat or the publication does not discuss CoT-specific vulnerabilities. To achieve a well-founded understanding of CoT vulnerabilities, this literature review identifies the major vulnerabilities and their security controls and to identify any gaps for future research. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach using 58 articles is considered for this review. Based on this review, a taxonomy is created to classify the existing CoT vulnerabilities and security controls. This literature review identifies and discusses similarities and differences among various vulnerability issues and solutions. Most reviews previously performed were limited to the threats to the application interface and virtualization level, whereas this SLR thesis expand to the vulnerabilities in connectivity and things level of CoT. This study emphasize the importance of a clear definition of cloud of things vulnerabilities and to facilitate better understanding and assessment of CoT vulnerabilities to build more secure systems.

Growing usage of smart and portable electronic devices demands embedded system designers to provide solutions with better performance and reduced power consumption. Due to the new development of IoT and embedded systems usage, not only power and performance of these devices but also security of them is becoming an important design constraint. In this work, a novel aggressive scaling based on timing speculation is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional DVFS and provide security from power analysis attacks at the same time. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is proven to be the most suitable technique for power efficiency in processor designs. Due to its promising benefits, the technique is still getting researchers attention to trade off power and performance of modern processor designs. The issues of traditional DVFS are: 1) Due to its pre-calculated operating points, the system is not able to suit to modern process variations. 2) Since Process Voltage and Temperature (PVT) variations are not considered, large timing margins are added to guarantee a safe operation in the presence of variations. The research work presented here addresses these issues by employing aggressive scaling mechanisms to achieve more power savings with increased performance. This approach uses in-situ timing error monitoring and recovering mechanisms to reduce extra timing margins and to account for process variations. A novel timing error detection and correction mechanism, to achieve more power savings or high performance, is presented. This novel technique has also been shown to improve security of processors against differential power analysis attacks technique. Differential power analysis attacks can extract secret information from embedded systems without knowing much details about the internal architecture of the device. Simulated and experimental data show that the novel technique can provide a performance improvement of 24% or power savings of 44% while occupying less area and power overhead. Overall, the proposed aggressive scaling technique provides an improvement in power consumption and performance while increasing the security of processors from power analysis attacks.

Submitted by Everton Chagas (everton.chagas@uol.com.br) on 2018-03-23T13:58:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao IoT Everton Chagas (final).pdf: 5895742 bytes, checksum: 391c612ed7e137e0c4f3afda3b608a56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-23T15:59:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao IoT Everton Chagas (final).pdf: 5895742 bytes, checksum: 391c612ed7e137e0c4f3afda3b608a56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-23T16:38:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao IoT Everton Chagas (final).pdf: 5895742 bytes, checksum: 391c612ed7e137e0c4f3afda3b608a56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T16:38:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao IoT Everton Chagas (final).pdf: 5895742 bytes, checksum: 391c612ed7e137e0c4f3afda3b608a56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Após avanços significativos nas redes e infraestrutura de telecomunicações nas últimas décadas, surge o conceito da Internet das Coisas, termo em inglês Internet of Things (IoT). O campo de pesquisa sobre a IoT perpassa diversas áreas de conhecimento, como computação, engenharias, telecomunicações, economia e negócios. Esse estudo considera o fato de que a IoT pode permitir uma verdadeira transformação no segmento de telecomunicações para fornecedores e operadoras. A Internet das Coisas poderá influenciar vários componentes do modelo de negócios das operadoras de telecomunicações, os quais podem ser estudados sob vários aspectos. Entretanto, este trabalho trata especificamente do desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços da IoT no ambiente das operadoras de telecomunicações no Brasil. Desse modo, o objetivo principal deste estudo exploratório é identificar a influência da demanda por aplicações da IoT no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços das operadoras de telecomunicações no Brasil. Essa influência é analisada a partir do estudo de caso múltiplo realizado em três operadoras, observando em cada uma delas aspectos ligados à demanda por soluções da IoT, ao desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços da IoT e à oferta das soluções ligadas à IoT. Os resultados mostram que, na percepção das operadoras, a demanda por soluções ligadas à IoT tem crescido fortemente, principalmente no segmento empresarial, justamente onde as operadoras têm atuado com maior foco. Contudo, o modelo de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços para a IoT pede uma clara adaptação, exigindo mais participação de parceiros tecnológicos, apoio a aceleradoras de startups e laboratórios de tecnologia, abrindo espaço para a utilização de metodologias ágeis nesse processo de desenvolvimento, objetivando consolidar e ampliar o portfólio de ofertas para a IoT, que, apesar dos esforços recentes das operadoras, mostra-se reduzido. / After significant advances in telecommunications networks and infrastructure in recent decades, there emerges the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). The field of research on IoT spreads through several knowledge areas, such as computing, engineering, telecommunications, economics and business. The present study considers the fact that IoT can make an actual transformation in the telecommunications industry possible both for suppliers and operators. The Internet of Things may influence various components of telecommunications operators’ business model, which can be studied from various perspectives. However, this work deals specifically with IoT product and service development in the environment of Brazil’s telecommunications operators. Thus, the main goal of this exploratory study is to identify how the demand for IoT applications can influence telecommunications operators’ product and services development in Brazil. We analyzed this influence based on the multiple case study we conducted with three communications operators, examining each of them for aspects related to IoT solution demand, IoT product and service development and offer IoT solutions. Results show that the operators perceive IoT-related solution demand to have increased strongly, mainly in the corporate segment, precisely where the operators have been focusing most on. However, the IoT product and service development model calls for a clear adaptation, i.e., it requires a greater participation of technology partners, support for startup accelerators and technology labs, thus making way for the use of agile methodologies in this development process, in order to consolidate and expand the IoT offer portfolio, which, despite these operators’ recent efforts, has so far proved small.

TORRES, A. B. B. Fusão de dados multinível para sistemas de internet das coisas em agricultura inteligente. 2017. 71 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-09T02:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_abbtorres.pdf: 4603894 bytes, checksum: 67f76d807aebb885f45a8f8bfd33f83a (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Andrei, Existe uma orientação para que normalizemos as dissertações e teses da UFC, em suas paginas pré-textuais e lista de referencias, pelas regras da ABNT. Por esse motivo, sugerimos consultar o modelo de template, para ajudá-lo nesta tarefa, disponível em: http://www.biblioteca.ufc.br/educacao-de-usuarios/templates/ Vamos agora as correções sempre de acordo com o template: 1. A ordem da hierarquia institucional é nome da instituição, nome do CENTRO, nome do DEPARTAMENTO e nome do PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO (sem siglas). 2. A pesar de não ser obrigatório, sugerimos colocar data da defesa na folha de aprovação. 3. Na lista de referencias os subtítulos não ficam em negrito. Quando as correções forem feitas enviaremos o nada consta por e-mail. Att. Marlene Rocha mmarlene2ufc.br on 2017-09-11T14:03:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-11T15:23:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_abbtorres.pdf: 4603863 bytes, checksum: a65fcc425e4da3674e800515d8401764 (MD5) / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Andrei, Falta ainda corrigir a ordem da hierarquia institucional que deve ser assim : UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ, CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA, DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA DE TELEINFORMÁTICA, PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA DE TELEINFORMÁTICA. Não precisa colocar que é mestrado acadêmico na capa. on 2017-09-11T17:14:05Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-11T19:02:13Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Renato, não veio o arquivo anexado. Marlene on 2017-09-12T10:58:09Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-12T13:28:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_abbtorres.pdf: 5480153 bytes, checksum: 9d72dc6e54ed32cc921eafab5b2af34b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-09-12T14:15:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_abbtorres.pdf: 5480153 bytes, checksum: 9d72dc6e54ed32cc921eafab5b2af34b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T14:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_abbtorres.pdf: 5480153 bytes, checksum: 9d72dc6e54ed32cc921eafab5b2af34b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / The usage of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to detect and monitor phenomena isn’t a new concept, with studies dating back to 1980, but it has gained momentum with the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT), which aims to enable day to day objects to sense, identify and analyze our world. For IoT to be viable, it is necessary for the objects/sensors to be low-cost, and that implies a series of limitations: low battery, low processing and storage capabilities, low accuracy, etc. In this context, data fusion techniques can be used to mitigate some of these limitations and make the adoption of low-cost sensors viable. This dissertation proposes a data fusion architecture for IoT, improving sensor accuracy, detecting events/anomalies (such as sensor failure) and enabling automated decision making. As a case study, experimental cultures of precocious dwarf cashew and coconut trees were monitored. / A utilização de Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) para detecção de fenômenos e monitoramento de ambientes não é um conceito novo, com estudos iniciados na década de 1980, mas ele tem ganhado força pela expansão da Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT), que trata de capacitar os objetos ao nosso redor de sensoriar, identificar e analisar o mundo. Para tornar a IoT viável em larga escala, é necessário que os objetos/sensores sejam de baixo custo, e isso implica uma série de limitações: bateria limitada, baixa capacidade processamento e armazenamento, baixa acurácia, dentre outros. Nesse contexto, técnicas de fusão de dados podem ser utilizadas para mitigar algumas das limitações citadas e viabilizar a adoção de sensores de baixo custo. A proposta desta dissertação é uma arquitetura de fusão de dados multinível para IoT para melhorar a acurácia dos sensores, detectar eventos/anomalias (como a falha de sensores) e possibilitar tomadas de decisões automatizadas. Como estudo de caso, foram realizados experimentos em conjunto com a Embrapa em um projeto de pesquisa de Agricultura de Precisão no monitoramento de cultivos experimentais de coco e de caju anão-precoce.

The goal of this work is a design and implementation of an on-board driver’s assistance and assessment system. The system overcomes the problem that typical evaluation of skills is performed by experts who may be subjective and are able to consider only a limited number of factors and indicators. The proposed solution is based on eight indicators, which are associated with the vehicle’s speed, acceleration, jerk, engine rotational speed and driving time. These indicators are used to estimate three driving style criteria: safety, economy and comfort. The comprehensive evaluation is done by merging all indicators into one final score. The system is designed according to User-Centred Design method and follows Internet of Things concept. Raspberry Pi minicomputer is used as a central unit to acquire and store the data during the ride and sending them to a server using GSM network. OBD-II interface is used to obtain the data from the vehicle’s network and GPS and accelerometer modules to acquire additional information. MATLAB environment on a local PC is used to process collected data. An outline of the measurements available from ODB-II interface depending on a car model is made. The proposed system has been implemented and evaluated. The evaluation, conducted by collecting readings for specific road actions at different speeds and with different dynamics, confirms that the chosen indicators reliably represent driver’s behaviour. The system was experimentally validated on a group of drivers. The obtained results prove the system’s ability to quantitatively distinguish different driving styles. The system's stability and usability were verified on long-route test. Moreover, the used spider diagram approach established a convenient visualization platform for multidimensional comparison of the result and comprehensive assessment in an intelligible manner. Overall conclusion is that the developed system is a reliable method of the drivers’ behaviour evaluation.