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Afrikaans text / Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om lewenssin soos dit binne die leefwereld van die gesitueerde Suid-Afrikaanse sakepersoon van toepassing is, teoreties te omlyn, te operasionaliseer en die belewenis daarvan op fenomenologiese wyse te beskryf. Lewenssin, met lewenssinvolheid en lewenssinloosheid as twee pole op 'n kontinuum, is ondersoek deur te fokus op lewensorientasie, lokus van gedrag, waardes, spiritualiteit, groei, ontwikkeling, transendering, vervreemding, 'n kortstondige en fatalistiese ingesteldheid, konformisme, kollektivisme, fanatisme, en die strewe na mitiese sukses. In die literatuurondersoek, wat die eksistensiele, humanistiese en holistiese paradigmas as vertrekpunte neem, is operasionele definisies van lewenssinvolheid en lewenssinloosheid gekonstrueer. Die profiel van die Suid-Afrikaanse sakepersoon met so 'n belewenis is aan die hand van sy/haar paradigma, kenmerke en gedrag gekonstrueer. 'n Proses van meaning making word voorgehou, terwyl lewenssin as integrasie van teenoorgesteldes gekonstrueer word. Daar word gepostuleer dat die sakepersoon met 'n belewenis van lewenssinvolheid die landskap van sy/haar psige relasioneel bewoon. Daarteenoor openbaar 'n belewenis van Jewenssinloosheid 'n nie-relasionele orientasie, paradigma en bewoning van die wereld. In die fenomenologiese ondersoek is gebruik gemaak van die onderhoud om die fenomeen, lewenssin, te laat ontvou. Die steekproef het bestaan uit getroude sakelui, dertig jaar en ouer, en woonagtig in Gauteng. Heterogeniteit in terme van geslag, geloofsoortuigings en korporatiewe opset is ook verreken. Uit die ondersoek ontvou ses temas wat sentreer om ruimtelikheid, basiese stemming, beliggaming en bewoning, asook die teenwoordigheid van die psige, andere en die wereld (wat die aarde en 'n transpersoonlike entiteit insluit). Dit blyk dat die Suid-Afrikaanse sakepersoon sy/haar landskap vera! nie-relasioneel bewoon. Elemente van relasionele bestaan is wei aanwesig. Tog word die begeerte aan 'n meer relasionele bestaan in die behoeftes en versugtinge van die betrokke sakelui verwoord. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat gebrekkige relasies in verband gebring kan word met 'n nie-relasionele paradigma wat lewenssinloosheid tot gevolg het. Op 'n kontinuum van lewenssin word bevind dat Suid-Afrikaanse sakelui nader aan die pool van lewenssinloosheid le, met 'n behoefte aan 'n beweging na die teenoorgestelde pool, naamlik lewenssinvolheid. Om lewenssinvolheid, lewenskwaliteit, en optimaliteit te bevorder, word aanbeveel dat die relasionele paradigma as vertrekpunt dien by remedierende ingrepe. / The purpose of this research is to theoretically outline and operationalise meaning in life as it applies to the life-world of situated South African businesspersons, and to describe phenomenologically their experience of that phenomenon. integration of opposites. It is posited that the businessperson experiencing life as meaningful, inhabits the landscape of his/her psyche in a relational way. In contrast, the person experiencing life as meaningless, displays a non-relational orientation, paradigm and being-in-the­ world. The phenomenological investigation made use of interviews to allow the phenomenon, meaning in life, to unfold. The sample consisted of married business persons, thirty years and older, and residing in Gauteng. Heterogeneity (in terms of gender, religious convictions and corporate circumstances) was also taken into account. Meaning, with meaningfulness and meaninglessness as its two extremes on a continuum, was examined, focusing on life orientation, engagement style, values, spirituality, growth, development, transcending, alienation, transitoriness and fatalism, conformism, collectivism, fanaticism, and aspiring to mythical success. In the literature investigation, which was based on existential, humanistic and holistic paradigms, operational definitions of meaningfulness and meaninglessness were construed. The profile of the South African businessperson experiencing the phenomenon, was construed with reference to his/her paradigm, characteristics and conduct. A meaning making process is proffered, while meaning is construed as an Six themes unfold from the investigation, centring around spatiality, basic mood, human bodiliness and being-in-the-world, as well as the presence of the psyche, other people and the world (including the earth and a transpersonal entity). The South African businessperson appears to inhabit his/her landscape in a mainly non­ relational manner. There are some elements of relational existence, but the needs and heart's desires voiced by the businesspersons concerned point to a longing for a more relational existence. In conclusion: Deficient relations can be associated with a non-relational paradigm, which causes an experience of life as meaningless. A meaning continuum shows South African businesspersons as figuring closer to meaninglessness, and needing to move towards the opposite pole, namely meaningfulness. To promote meaningfulness, quality of life and optimal functioning, the relational paradigm is recommended as point of departure in remedial intervention. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / DCom (Bedryfsielkunde)

Text of thesis is focused on the development potential of students self-realization, using humanistic principles in the educational process. The work includes theoretical background of the issue, psychodidactic processed material, allowing the application of humanistic considerations in teaching process, and empirical research, verifying the real efficacy of theoretical knowledge and psychodidaktic processed material. In the introductory part, the theoretical concepts of self-actualization and humanistic psychology are defined, and also relationship between these concepts and explanations of the significance of these concepts in the educational process to support the holistic development of pupils and to help the student to use their capabilities and dispositions in life. Furthermore, in this part of the work, the possibility of transformation of elements of humanistic psychology, supporting the development of self-fulfillment in teaching, are discussed from a theoretical point of view. Individual chapters deal with the theoretical knowledge on the development of personality, philosophical conception of man in history, the emergence of humanistic psychology on the basis of philosophical orientations, context humanistic psychology and self-fulfillment and justification and utilization possibilities...

KRÁTKÁ, Eva. The Issues of Meaning of Life and Selected Aspects of Existential Anxiety. Prague, 2012. Dissertation. Charles University in Prague, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Psychology. This dissertation explores issues of experiencing the meaningfulness of life and of selected aspects of existential anxiety, and it verifies whether there is some connection between some measure of meaninglessness of life being experienced and some measure of knowingly experienced existential anxiety and some selected factors which can influence our awareness of our anxiety. The research is focused mainly on adolescents and young and middle-aged adults of different genders, degrees of education and residences in the Czech republic. The survey included 170 respondents and was done with use of quantitative method. Obtained data were processed using the SPSS statistical program, and they are presented in the form of tables, graphs and commentaries. This study confirms an importance and frequency of existential beliefs and experiences and it shows that they are closely connected to an experienced meaningfulness of life and to some personality traits and circumstances of life. Therefore, a deeper research of this area seems to be beneficial and helpful not only from the therapeutic point of view alone.

This diploma thesis looks into the issues of death and dying. Based on a chosen work of fiction, it endeavours to remit the topic of fear of dying and concerns on the possibilities of how to deal with it from points of view of a dying person as well as that of an accompanying one. By using and connecting approaches used in sociology of literature and social work, it aims to appraise the benefit of reading fiction on the given topic for social workers in their professional as well as personal life. The work of fiction therefore serves as an alternative receptive material. By its interpretation, a social worker or layman can gain a more profound knowledge of current social issues, which the last matters of a human unquestionably belong to.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE COMPLETA-Doutorado - Helga Heinhold.pdf: 656998 bytes, checksum: 55856193ed283c9bad64a87f71d5e9b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-10 / A sample of 28 female elementary school teachers was investigated regarding interaction of stress, burnout and meaning of life and effectiveness of two types of training to reduce excessive stress. As measurements were used the Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Lukas Logo-Test. 64.3% of the teachers were diagnosed with stress, mainly in the resistance phase, 35.7 had burnout and 10.7, tendency towards burnout. There were more teachers with stress among those with less perception of meaning. There was significant correlation between stress level and married or divorced teachers. The sample was divided into two groups and submitted to two different types of stress management courses: one with cognitive-behavioral approach only and the other including techniques to search meaning based on Frankl s logotherapy. After the training course the group with cognitive-behavioral approach had significantly better results than the group with inclusion of logotherapeutic approach regarding stress and burnout reduction and better meaning fulfillment. This difference in results may be due to different characteristics of the participants: the group with cognitive-behavioral approach only was significantly older and had longer work experience than the logotherapeutic oriented group; in addition, before training procedures, the group with exclusively cognitive-behavioral approach revealed a higher degree of stress than the logotherapeutic oriented group. / Foi estudada uma amostra de 28 professoras do ensino fundamental quanto ? intera??o entre stress, burnout e sentido e quanto ? efic?cia de dois tipos de treinamento para redu??o do stress excessivo. Utilizou-se como instrumentos de aferi??o o Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL), o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) e o Logo-Test de Lukas. 64,3% das professoras apresentaram stress, predominantemente na fase de resist?ncia, 35,7% revelaram burnout e 10,7%, tend?ncia ao burnout. Houve maior freq??ncia de professoras com stress entre aquelas com menor percep??o de sentido. Foi constatada correla??o significativa entre n?vel de stress e professoras casadas/separadas. A amostra dividida em dois grupos recebeu dois tipos diferentes de treinamento para gerenciamento de stress: um somente com abordagem cognitivo-comportamental, e outro com inclus?o de estrat?gias de busca de sentido da logoterapia de Frankl. Ap?s o treinamento, o grupo com abordagem exclusivamente cognitivo-comportamental apresentou resultado significativamente melhor do que o grupo com inclus?o da abordagem logoter?pica quanto ? redu??o de stress e burnout e melhor realiza??o de sentido. A diferen?a nos resultados pode ser atribu?da a caracter?sticas diferentes das participantes: o grupo que recebeu abordagem com sentido teve idade e tempo de servi?o significativamente superiores ao grupo sem abordagem de sentido; al?m disso, o grupo com abordagem somente cognitivo-comportamental apresentou grau de stress inicial mais elevado em rela??o ao grupo que foi submetido ? abordagem com sentido.

A presente tese agrupa quatro estudos que objetivam investigar as relações dos recursos pessoais com os índices de bem-estar dos indivíduos. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal, a fim de compreender em profundidade o construto de iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal. Posteriormente, foram desenvolvidos três estudos empíricos. O primeiro artigo empírico refere-se ao estudo de adaptação e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Escala de Iniciativa ao Crescimento Pessoal – II (Personal Growth Initiative Scale – II, PGI-II). Foi observado que a versão brasileira da PGI-II constitui-se como um instrumento confiável para investigar os índices de disponibilidade para mudança, planejamento, comportamento intencional e uso de recursos, apresentando uma estrutura de quatro fatores de primeira ordem. O segundo artigo empírico avaliou se as relações das dimensões da iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal com os níveis de bem-estar subjetivo eram mediadas pela presença de sentido de vida. Foi observado que a presença de sentido de vida media o impacto das dimensões planejamento e comportamento intencional sobre os níveis de satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos. As dimensões disponibilidade para mudança e uso de recursos não estiveram relacionadas aos índices de presença de sentido de vida. As dimensões disponibilidade para mudança e uso de recursos estiveram negativamente associadas aos níveis de bem-estar subjetivo. O terceiro artigo empírico avaliou se as relações entre otimismo, pessimismo e autoestima com os índices de estresse, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos eram mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Os resultados demonstraram que as relações entre o otimismo e autoestima com os índices de estresse, afetos positivos e negativos foram parcialmente mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Entretanto, as relações dos índices de pessimismo com estresse, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos não foram mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Estudos futuros devem avaliar se as relações dos recursos pessoais com bem-estar subjetivo e estresse são replicáveis a outras amostras. A principal contribuição desta tese foi disponibilizar uma escala para investigar a iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal no contexto brasileiro. Além disso, os resultados deste estudo avançam o conhecimento sobre as relações entre os recursos pessoais e as dimensões de bem-estar. / This thesis join up four studies that aims to investigate the relationship of levels of personal resources with well-being of individuals. A literature review on the personal growth initiative was carried out in order to understand in depth the construct of personal growth initiative. Later, three empirical studies were developed. The first empirical paper refers to the study of adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale - II (Personal Growth Initiative Scale - II, PGI-II). It was observed that the Brazilian version of PGI-II was established as a reliable instrument to investigate the levels of readiness for change, planfulness, intentional behavior and using resources, with a four first-order factor structure. The second empirical research evaluated if presence of meaning in life mediated the relationships of the dimensions of personal growth initiative with subjective well-being. It was observed that the presence of meaning in life measured the impact of dimensional planning and intentional behavior on levels of satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect. The dimensions readiness for change and using resources were not related to levels of presence of meaning in life. The dimensions readiness for change and using resources were negatively associated with levels of subjective well-being. The third empirical research has evaluated if presence of meaning in life mediated the relationships of optimism, pessimism and self-esteem with levels of stress, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect. The results showed that the relationship between optimism and self-esteem with levels of stress, positive affect and negative were partially mediated by levels of presence of meaning in life. However, the relations of pessimism with stress, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative were not mediated by levels of presence of meaning in life. Future studies should evaluate if the relations of personal resources with subjective well-being and stress are replicable to other samples. The main contribution of this thesis was to provide a scale to investigate the initiative to personal growth in the Brazilian context. In addition, the results of this study advance the understanding of the relationship between personal resources and well-being.

Esta tese teve como objetivo compreender impactos e processos de mudança relacionados com o aconselhamento de carreira a estudantes universitários. Desenvolveu-se um modelo de atendimento construtivista narrativo, fundamentado no Paradigma Life-Design, com duração média de dez sessões individuais em periodicidade semanal. O primeiro estudo investigou se a intervenção seria capaz de promover impactos em adaptabilidade de carreira, sentido de vida e nas narrativas autobiográficas dos clientes (em reflexão autobiográfica e em valência afetiva das narrativas), valendo-se de um delineamento quase-experimental. O segundo e o terceiro estudos buscaram compreender a relação entre os impactos do atendimento com os processos de mudança narrativa, avaliados com o Modelo dos Momentos de Inovação nas sessões, em dois estudos de caso com características diferenciadas. Os resultados do primeiro estudo indicaram que a intervenção foi efetiva na promoção de recursos de adaptabilidade de preocupação, controle, curiosidade e confiança, bem como em dimensões de desenvolvimento de carreira com aproximação conceitual à adaptabilidade, como identidade profissional, decisão de carreira, planejamento de carreira e autoeficácia profissional. Ainda, os participantes da intervenção demonstraram aumento significativo na dimensão de presença de sentido de vida e diminuição na saliência afetiva negativa na forma como narravam as suas histórias de vida. Nenhuma mudança significativa foi constatada em relação ao grupo de comparação, formado por estudantes que não participaram de qualquer atendimento no mesmo período. Os estudos de caso possibilitaram compreender os impactos de forma integrada aos processos de mudança, evidenciando que desfechos positivos do aconselhamento de carreira estiveram associados a padrões de momentos de inovação de complexificação crescente ao longo do processo, e pela presença de momentos de inovação de reflexão sobre a mudança e de reconceitualização. Esses dois tipos de inovação se apresentaram de forma diferenciada em cada um dos casos, que também se diferenciaram quanto aos impactos do processo em reflexão autobiográfica. Abordam-se as conexões entre o processo de reflexão autobiográfica e esses tipos de momentos de inovação. Além disso, estabelecem-se relações entre as diferentes características dos clientes quanto às suas demandas e etapas de desenvolvimento psicossocial com os impactos e processos de mudança no atendimento. Por fim, são traçadas implicações para a teoria, a pesquisa e a prática do aconselhamento de carreira. / This dissertation aimed to understand outcomes and change processes associated with a career counseling intervention targeted at university students. A constructivist narrative model of career counseling, based on Life-Design Paradigm, was developed and delivered individually, in approximately 10 sessions, once a week. The first study investigated the outcomes of the intervention in career adaptability, meaning in life and clients’ autobiographical narratives (in autobiographical reasoning and emotional valence), using a quasi-experimental design. The second and the third studies aimed to understand the relation between the outcomes of the intervention and narrative change processes, assessed through the innovative moments model in the sessions. These studies were conducted with two clients with different characteristics. Results from the first study showed that the intervention was effective in promoting career adaptability resources of concern, control, curiosity and confidence, as well as career development dimensions that have conceptual proximity to adaptability, as professional identity, career decision, career planning and professional self-efficacy. Participants also demonstrated a significant increase in the dimension of presence of meaning in life, and a significant decrease in negative emotional salience used to narrate their life stories. No significant change was observed in the comparison group, constituted by students that were not participating in interventions at the same period. The case studies contributed to an integrated understanding of outcomes and processes of change, showing that positive outcomes in career counseling are associated with a pattern of progressive complexification of innovative moments during the process, and with the presence of reflection about change and reconceptualization innovative moments. These types of innovation differed from one case to the other, and different outcomes related to autobiographical reasoning were also observed. Connections between the process of autobiographical reasoning and these types of innovative moments are addressed. In addition, relations between client’s demands and psychosocial developmental characteristics with the outcomes and processes of change during career counseling are delineated. Finally, implications for theory, research and intervention are outlined.

„Iš tiesų sakau jums, kiek kartų tai padarėte vienam iš šitų mažiausiųjų mano brolių, man padarėte“ (Mt 25, 40). Temos aktualumas. Valstybės pagrindas yra šeima, todėl jeigu šeimos pamatas susvyruotų, iškiltų pavojus ir pačiai valstybei. Todėl valstybė privalo rūpintis šeima įvairiais gyvenimo etapais. Gerai, kai šeimoje nėra didelių problemų, bet jeigu šeimoje gimsta vaikas, turintis specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, viskas pasikeičia. Tuo momentu šeimai ypač reikalinga visokeriopa pagalba, kuri, ne visada suteikiama. Šeimai, auginančiai neįgalų vaiką – jaunuolį, pastarasis dešimtmetis Lietuvoje buvo ypatingas dviem aspektais: požiūrio į šeimą ir požiūrio į negalią naujumu. Šiuo laikotarpiu, kai senąją socialinę sistemą keičia nauja, šeima atsiduria konfliktinėje situacijoje tarp jos vertės pripažinimo ir socialinės-kultūrinės visuomenės realybės (Butkevičienė, 2001 ). Pateiktoji mintis yra aiški, nes požiūris į tokias šeimas mūsų visuomenėje labai skiriasi. Panagrinėję mokslinę literatūrą, galime prieiti prie išvados, kad apie šeimas, auginančias neįgalų vaiką – jaunuolį, yra diskutuojama ir jų situacija analizuojama tikrai nepakankamai. Jų problemos nėra iki galo išklausomos, o sprendimo būdų ieškoma vangiai. Taip pat nėra daug mokslinių darbų, kurie tyrinėtų šeimų refleksijas gimus neįgaliam vaikui, šeimos narių santykių kaitą, situacijų sprendimus šeimose gimus neįgaliam vaikui. Tai rodo, kad šeimos, turinčios neįgalų vaiką – jaunuolį, patiria materialinių, socialinių ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topic relevance. The base of the state is family. If this base wavers, jeopardy rise to the state itself. Therefore the state must take care of family throughout its existence. Life of the family changes dramatically after a child with special educational needs is born. Family, raising a child with special educational needs, requires full support from the state, however, often state does not provide this support. The last decade for family raising child with special needs in Lithuania was very important because of two reasons: the approach to family and disability changed significantly. At this period of time, when old social system transforms into new one, family appears to be in conflict. It struggles for recognition of values and social-cultural reality of society ((R. Butkevičienė 2001). Approach to such families is contraversial, therefore this problem requires further studies and discussions. State needs to listen to problems of such families and react immediately. Unfortunately it takes a long time to make decisions concerning families raising children with disabilities. There is not many scientific studies concerning transformation of relations amongst members of family, the change of decision-making in the family after the child with special educational needs is born. This cause families raising child with special needs facing material, soacial and mental problems, that can not be solved easily. Object. Parents raising children and teenagers with disabilities... [to full text]

A presente tese agrupa quatro estudos que objetivam investigar as relações dos recursos pessoais com os índices de bem-estar dos indivíduos. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal, a fim de compreender em profundidade o construto de iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal. Posteriormente, foram desenvolvidos três estudos empíricos. O primeiro artigo empírico refere-se ao estudo de adaptação e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Escala de Iniciativa ao Crescimento Pessoal – II (Personal Growth Initiative Scale – II, PGI-II). Foi observado que a versão brasileira da PGI-II constitui-se como um instrumento confiável para investigar os índices de disponibilidade para mudança, planejamento, comportamento intencional e uso de recursos, apresentando uma estrutura de quatro fatores de primeira ordem. O segundo artigo empírico avaliou se as relações das dimensões da iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal com os níveis de bem-estar subjetivo eram mediadas pela presença de sentido de vida. Foi observado que a presença de sentido de vida media o impacto das dimensões planejamento e comportamento intencional sobre os níveis de satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos. As dimensões disponibilidade para mudança e uso de recursos não estiveram relacionadas aos índices de presença de sentido de vida. As dimensões disponibilidade para mudança e uso de recursos estiveram negativamente associadas aos níveis de bem-estar subjetivo. O terceiro artigo empírico avaliou se as relações entre otimismo, pessimismo e autoestima com os índices de estresse, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos eram mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Os resultados demonstraram que as relações entre o otimismo e autoestima com os índices de estresse, afetos positivos e negativos foram parcialmente mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Entretanto, as relações dos índices de pessimismo com estresse, satisfação com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos não foram mediados pelos níveis de presença de sentido de vida. Estudos futuros devem avaliar se as relações dos recursos pessoais com bem-estar subjetivo e estresse são replicáveis a outras amostras. A principal contribuição desta tese foi disponibilizar uma escala para investigar a iniciativa ao crescimento pessoal no contexto brasileiro. Além disso, os resultados deste estudo avançam o conhecimento sobre as relações entre os recursos pessoais e as dimensões de bem-estar. / This thesis join up four studies that aims to investigate the relationship of levels of personal resources with well-being of individuals. A literature review on the personal growth initiative was carried out in order to understand in depth the construct of personal growth initiative. Later, three empirical studies were developed. The first empirical paper refers to the study of adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale - II (Personal Growth Initiative Scale - II, PGI-II). It was observed that the Brazilian version of PGI-II was established as a reliable instrument to investigate the levels of readiness for change, planfulness, intentional behavior and using resources, with a four first-order factor structure. The second empirical research evaluated if presence of meaning in life mediated the relationships of the dimensions of personal growth initiative with subjective well-being. It was observed that the presence of meaning in life measured the impact of dimensional planning and intentional behavior on levels of satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect. The dimensions readiness for change and using resources were not related to levels of presence of meaning in life. The dimensions readiness for change and using resources were negatively associated with levels of subjective well-being. The third empirical research has evaluated if presence of meaning in life mediated the relationships of optimism, pessimism and self-esteem with levels of stress, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect. The results showed that the relationship between optimism and self-esteem with levels of stress, positive affect and negative were partially mediated by levels of presence of meaning in life. However, the relations of pessimism with stress, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative were not mediated by levels of presence of meaning in life. Future studies should evaluate if the relations of personal resources with subjective well-being and stress are replicable to other samples. The main contribution of this thesis was to provide a scale to investigate the initiative to personal growth in the Brazilian context. In addition, the results of this study advance the understanding of the relationship between personal resources and well-being.