This master's thesis deals with the emotional discourses of the association for Sudeten-German Social democrats in Swedish Exile (TG), which in its journal "Blätter" reported on the development of the group and the homeland lost in 1945. This study is limited to an examination of the discourse during the end of the war and the years immediately following, from 1944 to 1948. It also explains how the representatives of the association felt betrayed by so-called phenomena of rupture. The 'history of betrayal' goes back to 1918 and the peace treaties after the First World War, intensifies during the Munich Agreement in 1938 and finally reaches its climax when the Czechoslovak government in exile and even former comrades of the TG turn their backs and instead negotiate with the Soviet Union. This changes the discourse after the end of the war from a positivist perspective, with good connections to Czechoslovakia, to desperate appeals for reason to end the collective guilt, ethnic cleansing and finally develops into ironic anti-communist polemics, as the communists are structured as a scapegoat in the discourse. The anticommunism also serves an integrative function in the Swedish political and social democratic context. Ultimately the communist coup in Czechoslovakia of 1948 made the association feel vindicated in its ideals, but also felt melancholic, as the homeland was now considered lost forever. The purpose of the association is therefore limited to an integrative and culture-preserving function in exile. My research shows that the polemic against an omnipresent Other is more likely to serve the purpose of influencing the Swedish Social Democratic-led government to bring more Sudeten Germans to Sweden after the expulsion, so that a new homeland may be created there, than to directly provoke the Soviet Union or Czechoslovakia for change. / Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit Diskursen der "Treuegemeinschaft Sudetendeutscher Sozialdemokraten in Skandinavien" (TG), die aus dem schwedischen Exil über die Entwicklung der Gruppe und der im Jahre 1945 verlorenen Heimat in der Zeitschrift "Blätter" berichtet. Die Arbeit beschränkt sich auf eine Analyse der Zeitschrift während des Kriegsendes und den unmittelbar folgenden Jahren, von 1944 bis 1948. Durch die Arbeit wird erläutert, wie die Vertreter der TG sich durch sog. Abbruchphänomene verraten fühlen. Die 'Verratsgeschichte' geht bis ins Jahr 1918 und den Friedensverträgen nach dem ersten Weltkrieg zurück, intensiviert sich während des Münchner Abkommens im Jahre 1938 und erreicht letztendlich ihren Höhepunkt, als die tschechoslowakische Exilregierung und ehemalige Genossen der TG ihren Rücken kehren und anstelle dessen Gespräche mit der Sowjetunion führen. Dadurch verändert sich der Diskurs nach Kriegsende von einer positivistischen Perspektive, mit guten Verbindungen zur Tschechoslowakei, hin zu panischen Appellen an die Vernunft, die ethnischen Säuberungen zu beenden. Schließlich entwickelt sich der Diskurs zur antikommunistischen Polemik, da die Kommunisten als Sündenbock im Diskurs strukturiert werden. Der Antikommunismus diente auch einer integrativen Funktion. Durch den kommunistischen Putsch in der Tschechoslowakei 1948 fühlte sich der Verein durch seine Ideale bestätigt, aber wurde auch melancholisch, denn die Heimat wird nun als für immer verloren gegolten. Der Zweck des Vereins wird deshalb auf eine integrative und kulturerhaltende Funktion im Exil beschränkt. Meine Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Polemik gegen einen allgegenwärtigen Anderen eher dem Zwecke dient, die schwedische durch die sozialdemokratisch geführte Regierung zu beeinflussen, damit mehr Sudetendeutsche nach der Vertreibung nach Schweden gelangen, um hier eine neue Heimat herzurichten, als die Tschechoslowakei oder die Sowjetunion zu beeinflussen.

[pt] Essa tese tem por finalidade analisar o movimento de securitização do trauma promovido pela Organização das Nações Unidas e a Organização Mundial da Saúde dentro de processos de reconstrução de Estados em cenários de pósconflito étnico e religioso. Nosso argumento é o de que esse movimento se desenvolve de modo a interpretar o bem estar psicológico dos indivíduos sobreviventes como uma prioridade e o trauma como uma ameaça à consolidação de uma paz auto-sustentada nesses cenários. Nesses termos, o trauma é interpretado como uma doença mental que caracteriza os indivíduos sobreviventes como sujeitos vulneráveis e com dificuldades de administração de si mesmos e de reorganização de suas vidas. Essa condição demandaria a interferência dessas Organizações para ajudá-los a exercer o controle sobre suas emoções e a recuperar sua condição de cidadãos saudáveis e aptos ao exercício de sua cidadania. Essa interferência tem sido realizada em meio às diversas atividades de reconstrução de Estados voltadas para a promoção da reconciliação social e implementada por meio de programas de psicoterapia social que visam o tratamento e a cura dos traumas. Em termos teóricos, observamos a importância do estudo de práticas discursivas em segurança através de uma leitura construtivista que, no entanto, busca recursos na sociologia política internacional para o entendimento mais abrangente de processos de securitização. Nosso entendimento é o de que a (in)securitização envolve não só o speech act - que enuncia uma política de exceção - como também procura englobar um arcabouço analítico maior para a compreensão desse momento de exceção que está ligado à existência de uma rede transnacional de burocracias e agentes privados que atuam na administração dessa (in)segurança. Ainda, o suporte oferecido pela sociologia política internacional nos permite entender como se desenvolve um movimento de securitização que toma o indivíduo como referente e que se consubstancia na busca de desenvolvimento de mecanismos de administração das emoções e dos comportamentos dos indivíduos para garantia de controle social em termos medicalizados. Nesse sentido, nosso argumento é o de que as sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas estão informadas por uma cultura terapêutica a qual conta com diversos atores e que integra os discursos da ONU e da OMS de modo a reforçar uma concepção de risco que interpreta os indivíduos como passivos e impotentes diante dos desafios do meio em que estão inseridos. Assim, através da metodologia da descrição crítica, procuramos demonstrar a lógica subjacente nos discursos da ONU e da OMS sobre saúde mental e trauma para apontar as contradições dentro desses discursos e entre esses discursos e as práticas psicossociais desenvolvidas nos ambientes de pós-conflito. O intuito final é o de observar que há a prevalência de uma concepção de saúde mental no discurso dessas organizações que privilegia um entendimento ocidental sobre a relação dos indivíduos com as emoções e a violência e que marginaliza ou silencia o papel dos valores culturais locais no processo de reconciliação social nessas comunidades. / [en] The aim of the present thesis is to investigate the securitization movement of trauma promoted by the United Nations and the World Health Organization in post conflict peace-building processes. Our claim is that this movement is developed according to an interpretation that takes the psychological well being of war survivors as a priority and that understands trauma as a threat to the consolidation of a sustainable peace in post conflict scenarios. Trauma is thus interpreted as a mental disease which characterizes war survivors as vulnerable beings who cannot manage themselves and their own lives. This condition would demand the intervention of UN and WHO to help them control their emotions and recover their health in order to be able to function as good citizens. The intervention has been done among the many peace-building activities which aim the promotion of social reconciliation and is formalized via psychosocial programs which search to treat and cure war traumas. Theoretically, we focus on the importance of discourse practices in international security studies according to constructivist lenses that are, nonetheless, supplemented by insights from international political sociology which we find useful to promote an overall understanding of securitization movements. In this sense, our claim is that (in)securitization is related not only to the speech act that enunciate a politics of exception but it also involves an expanded analytical framework that understands the exception moment connected to a transnational bureaucracy network and private agents which work at the management of the (in)security. Yet the international political sociology offers important insights which allow the comprehension of a securitization movement that takes the individual as a referent and that develops mechanisms of management of emotions and behaviors as a form of medicalized social control. Thus, our assertion is that contemporary western societies are based on a therapy culture that is informed by many actors and that permeates the UN and WHO discourses which reinforce a conception of risk that interprets the individual subjects as passive and powerless towards their daily challenges. Based on the critic description methodology, we seek to demonstrate the underlying logic in the UN and WHO discourses about mental health and trauma to highlight the contradictions inside them and between these discourses and the psychosocial practices developed in post conflict scenarios. Our final purpose is to point out the predominance of a conception of mental health in the discourses of these Organizations that privileges a western interpretation about the relation of the individuals with their emotions and violence and that marginalizes or silences the role of local culture values in the social reconciliation processes in these communities.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer med multisjuklighet och polyfarmaci ökar i samhället. Läkemedelsrelaterade vårdskador och problem är vanligt förekommande i vården och polyfarmaci ökar risken. Läkemedelsgenomgångar är viktiga för att främja en säker läkemedelsanvändning och förebygga vårdskador. WHO beskriver läkemedelsgenomgångar som ett interprofessionellt teamarbete där ansvaret är delat mellan yrkesutövarna. Sjuksköterskor beskrivs kunna ha en egen och viktig roll i arbetet med läkemedelsgenomgångar. Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturgranskning är att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att utföra läkemedelsgenomgångar.  Metod: Studien är en systematisk litteraturgranskning och bygger på 16 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom strukturerade databassökningar i Cinahl, Pubmed och Web of Science. Dataanalysen genomfördes enligt tematisk syntes av Thomas & Harden. Tillförlitligheten av sammanvägningen bedömdes enligt CERQual. Resultat: Två tredje nivå teman utgör resultatet med underliggande andra nivå teman. Utmaningar och brister vid läkemedelsgenomgångar: resursbrister vid genomförande av läkemedelsgenomgångar, brist på kompetens hos sjuksköterskor vid genomförande av läkemedelsgenomgångar, utmaningar i det professionella samarbetet vid läkemedelsgenomgångar, utmaningar vid läkemedelsgenomgångar i vårdens övergångar, organisatoriska utmaningar och brister vid läkemedelsgenomgångar, bristande delaktighet och kunskap hos patienter vid läkemedelsgenomgångar. Underlättande faktorer vid läkemedelsgenomgångar: fördelar med samarbete vid läkemedelsgenomgångar samt fördelaktiga utfall och gynnsamma faktorer vid läkemedelsgenomgångar.   Konklusion: Förekomsten av utmaningar och fördelaktiga utfall vid läkemedelsgenomgångar bland sjuksköterskors erfarenheter belyser behovet av patientens delaktighet, kompetensutvecklingen hos sjuksköterskor och att utveckla riktlinjer och den organisatoriska strukturen kring arbetet med läkemedelsgenomgångar. Genom att studera sjuksköterskors bidragande roll vid läkemedelsgenomgångar kan sjuksköterskans roll i arbetet formaliseras. / Background: The number of people living with multimorbidity and polypharmacy increases in society. Drug-related health care misses and problems are common and the risk increases with polypharmacy. Medication reviews are important to facilitate safe drug use and to prevent medical errors. WHO describes medication reviews as a multiprofessional teamwork where response is shared between the professionals. Nurses are described to be able to have their own important role within the work of medication reviews.    Aim: The aim of this systematic literature review is to illustrate nurses experiences of performing medication reviews. Method: The study is a systematic literature review and is constructed of 16 qualitative scientific articles. Data collection was made through structured database searches in Cinahl, Pubmed and Web of Science. For the data analysis a thematic synthesis of Thomas and Harden was performed. To evaluate the confidence in the evidence CERQual was performed. Result: Two third level themes constitute the result with underlying second level themes. Barriers and deficits in medication reviews: resource shortages while performing medication reviews, lack of competence among nurses performing medication reviews, barriers within the interprofessional teamwork while performing medication reviews, barriers in medication reviews at care transitions, organizational barriers and deficits in medication reviews and lack of participation and knowledge in patintens while performing medication reviews. Facilitators in medication reviews: apportioning with teamwork in medication reviews and facilitating outcomes and factors of medication reviews.   Conclusion: The presence of challenges and beneficial outcomes in medication reviews among nurses' experiences highlights the need for patient involvement, the development of nurses' skills, and the development of guidelines and the organizational structure around the work of medication reviews. By studying the contributing role of nurses in medication reviews, the role of the nurse can be clarified and formalized.

Civility has many critics. Some challenge its distinctness as a virtue, others its moral significance. In this essay, I attempt to meet both challenges by offering an account of civility that stands distinct from other concepts and holds great value, both intrinsically and instrumentally. I claim that we show civility toward others when we dispute their ideas in ways that respect those persons' intrinsic worth. My account pays particular attention to the connections between civility, clarity and reconciliation--connections that make civility vital for modern pluralistic societies. I then consider a recent alternative to this conception of civility advanced by Calhoun (2000), arguing that it secures distinctness at the cost of moral significance. / Master of Arts / In the midst of our contemporary polarization and hostile exchanges, one often hears calls for greater civility. Yet what is civility? Does it name a distinct concept, or is it merely synonymous with other virtues? And why, if at all, should we value it? In this essay, I attempt to answer these questions. Cheshire Calhoun notes that the latter two question pose serious challenges for would-be defenders of civility, challenges of distinctness and significance. I aim to offer an account of civility that meets both of these challenges. I argue that we show civility toward others when we dispute their ideas in ways that respect those persons’ intrinsic worth. My account pays particular attention to the connections between civility, clarity and reconciliation— connections that make civility particularly important for modern pluralistic societies. I then consider Calhoun’s own conception of civility, arguing that it secures distinctness at the cost of moral significance.

A co-creation framework was developed for non-Indigenous scientists and engineers aiming to conduct research with Indigenous communities. Developed from pre-existing CBPR and co-creation theories, this guide incorporated the personal experiences of two master's students working on this project. As Indigenous communities and individuals are not monoliths, the first draft of this framework was devised to be expanded for use with various other groups allowing researchers to apply relevant concepts specific to their projects. The co-creation framework was developed and executed by conducting an initial water quality analysis of drinking water from SN. Initiated by Duignan’s 2019 SN health survey feedback, preliminary water parameters were analyzed for select households across the community. Community services and members were instrumental in co-creating this style of data collection and knowledge translation with GWF researchers. Collections methods were primarily adapted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in which researchers were led initially by community liaisons and taken to households to collect drinking water samples. Instead, homeowners were supported in collecting their own drinking water samples and providing them to community educators from SNHS. Concurrently, further development and application of the framework were established through an interactive video podcast, Ohneganos Let’s Talk Water, employed to conduct, disseminate, and translate relevant community research. The community-centred methodology met the target audience where they were, on social media, rather than expecting them to decipher conventional WS science dissemination methods such as academic conferences or peer-reviewed papers. International and transdisciplinary collaboration was explored between Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth, students, experts, artists and community members. This multifaceted, award-winning show was the first to combine these various elements. A mixed methods approach via digital story was produced to illustrate the impact of LTW. While an extensive variety of guests and topics were discussed in the four seasons of the podcast, the digital story highlights those most closely aligned with the work of this thesis, decolonizing western science research and dissemination. / Thesis / Master of Environmental Studies (MES) / Guided by ten significant themes, knowledge sources including community feedback via social media, extensive literature review, conversations with elders and relevant graduate courses were applied to develop a co-creation framework to inform best practices for western scientists and engineers collaborating with Indigenous partners. Two case studies, community-led water testing “Preliminary Water Quality Assessment” and a community-led video podcast “Ohneganos – Let’s Talk Water,” were carried out to implement and supplement the iterative development of the framework to harmonize Indigenous Knowledge and Western Science.

Community service has become an integral component of post-conflict reintegration efforts, aiming to foster reconciliation between former combatants and civilian communities. Since 2010, Colombia has implemented a unique and comprehensive reintegration process requiring former combatants to participate in non-remunerated community service. Despite its widespread implementation by practitioners and its recognition by policymakers as a valuable component of ex-combatant reintegration, community service remains surprisingly under-researched. Drawing from existing literature on social reintegration, intergroup reconciliation, and desistance, this study investigates the conditions under which such programs contribute to former combatants’ willingness to reconcile with civilians. Twelve in-depth interviews conducted with young Colombian former combatants served as data for a qualitative process-oriented analysis. Higher levels of willingness to reconcile are encountered when former combatants work with civilians, when the program enables them to engage in a dialogue with civilians or to be in direct contact with the beneficiaries of their work. Certain community services thus seem to positively affect former combatants’ attitude towards reconciliation, both accelerating the attitude change and broadening its effects to a wider array of individuals. These findings inform practices of social reintegration in Colombia and Central America, offering further insights for worldwide applications.

This thesis is a work of Christian theology. Its purpose is twofold: firstly to develop an adequate understanding of reconciliation at the level of peoples and nations; and secondly to make a practical contribution to resolving the problems in Australia for the welfare of all the peoples, and of the land itself. The history of the relationships between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Australia has left many problems, and no matter what the non-Indigenous people try to do, the Indigenous peoples of Australia continue to experience themselves as being in a state of siege. Trying to understand what is happening, and what can be done to resolve the problems for the peoples of Australia and the land, have been the implicit drivers for the theological development in this thesis. This thesis argues that the present generation in any trans-generational dispute is likely to continue to sin in ways that are shaped by the sins of the past, which explains why Indigenous peoples in Australia find themselves in a stage of siege, even when the non-Indigenous peoples are trying to pursue policies which they believe are for the welfare of all. The only way to resolve this is for the peoples of Australia to seek reconciliation. In particular, the non-Indigenous peoples need to repent, both of their own sins, and the sins of their forebears. Reconciliation processes have become part of the international political landscape. However, there are real concerns about the justice of pursuing reconciliation. An important part of the theological development of this thesis is therefore to show that pursuing reconciliation establishes justice. It is shown that the nature of justice, and of repentance, can only be established by pursuing reconciliation. Reconciliation is possible because God has made it possible, and is working in the world to bring reconciliation. Because land is an essential part of Indigenous identity in Australia, the history of land in court cases and legislation in Australia over the past half century forms an important case study in this work. It is shown that, although there was significant repentance within the non-Indigenous legal system in Australia, the degree of repentance available through that legal system is inherently limited, and so a more radical approach is needed in order to seek reconciliation in Australia. A final chapter considers what the non-Indigenous people of Australia need to do in order to repent.

D. Litt. et Phil. (African Politics) / This study is an exploration of transitional justice mechanisms available to post conflict communities. It is a context sensitive and sustained interrogation of the effectiveness of endogenous transitional justice mechanisms in post-colonial Zimbabwe. The study utilised Ruti Teitel’s (1997: 2009-2080) realist/idealist theory as its theoretical framework. Using the case of Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular, it analyses the application of imported idealist transitional justice mechanisms, mainly International Criminal Court (ICC) trials. It also debates the efficacy of realist transitional justice mechanisms, mainly the South African model of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC).The study explores the application of what it terms broad realist transitional justice mechanisms used mostly in rural areas of Zimbabwe to achieve peace building and reconciliation. These modes of everyday healing and reconciliation include the traditional institutions of ngozi (avenging spirit), botso (self-shaming), chenura (cleansing ceremonies), nhimbe (community working groups) and nyaradzo (memorials). The key finding of this exploration is that local realist transitional justice mechanisms are more efficacious in fostering peace building and reconciliation than imported idealist mechanisms such as the ICC trials and imported realist mechanisms such as the TRC. More value can be realised when imported realist mechanisms and local realist transitional justice mechanisms complement each other. The study contributes to the literature on transitional justice in general and bottom-up, victim-centred reconciliation in particular. It offers a different approach to the study of transitional justice in post conflict Zimbabwe by recasting the debate away from the liberal peace paradigm which critiques state centric top-down approaches such as trials, clemencies, amnesties and institutional reform. The study considers the agency of ‘ordinary’ people in resolving the after effects of politically motivated harm. It also lays the foundation for further research into other traditional transitional justice mechanisms used for peace building and reconciliation elsewhere in Africa / Political Sciences

This thesis addresses a needed shift of paradigm for mission and evangelism within the Southern Baptist Convention. The current model lacks appropriate contextualization in a postmodern world. The proposition of the thesis is that a kingdom model for mission and evangelism is more appropriate for Southern Baptists' commitment to mission. The methodology of this thesis was researching primary and secondary sources, interviews with persons currently involved within the mission of Southern Baptists, evaluation of empirical data, and testing of concepts. In Chapter One, the validity of this thesis is presented with the proposition, the limitations, the purpose, the practical nature, and the modus operandi of the thesis stated. Chapter Two explores the problems of evangelism within the mission of Southern Baptists today. Focus is on empirical statistical evidence and the failure of assumptions, methods, and models currently in practice. Chapter Three examines the birth of the mission and evangelism mandate of Southern Baptists and the subsequent development of a monolithic structure unchanged to the present day. Chapter Four traces the evolution of evangelistic witness within the early church and explores the cultural dynamics of the period. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

This study was designed to bring to the fore the reasons for introducing peace education in pre-service teacher education in Zimbabwean teachers colleges in order to establish the foundations for positive peace in Zimbabwe. The focus of the study was on the preparation of Zimbabwean pre-service teachers in peace education as an effective approach for building durable peace in Zimbabwe. The main research question that guided this study was: Why and how should peace education be introduced at pre-service teacher education colleges in Zimbabwe? The overall aim of the research is to develop an appropriate peace education programme for Zimbabwean teachers’ colleges which will be employed as a strategy for constructing positive peace in Zimbabwe. A phenomenological methodology blending Edmund Husserl’s descriptive phenomenology and Martin Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenology was used to elicit participants’ views on the challenges and possibilities of introducing peace education at pre-service teacher education colleges in Zimbabwe. Data for the study were gathered using semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and documentary analysis. Key themes emerging from the data analysis were that (a) there is an absence of positive peace in contemporary Zimbabwe (b) Zimbabwean teachers’ colleges are not offering courses in peace education (c) peace education would benefit Zimbabwe as a country, (d) peace education is implementable at pre-service teacher education colleges in Zimbabwe, (e) there is need to develop an appropriate peace education curriculum that reflects the needs of Zimbabwean citizens and (f) college principals, lecturers, student teachers, policymakers and programme-makers have important roles to play in peace education initiatives. Through this study, the researcher established that peace education is a plausible and sustainable mechanism for building positive peace which has remained obscure in Zimbabwe despite thirty-four years of hard won independence. This shows the necessity for introducing peace education in Zimbabwean teachers colleges as a strategy for positive peace building. It is therefore, recommended that teachers’ colleges in Zimbabwe should introduce peace education in their pre-service programmes in order to build prospective teachers’ capacities to establish an infrastructure for positive peace in their future classrooms, the immediate communities and Zimbabwean society as a whole. / Philosophy of Education / D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)