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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Machado de Assis: uma poética de contrastes - contos do trágico e do riso / Machado de Assis: a poetics of contrasts - short stories of tragic and laughter

Pereira, Mariella Augusta 28 September 2009 (has links)
A literatura machadiana apresenta uma dualidade entre a tragicidade e a comicidade que esta dissertação pretende explorar e entender. A apuração de tais aspectos foi dividida em duas partes: a primeira trata da obra machadiana como um todo, sem atentar para qualquer texto em especial; e a segunda aponta, através da análise de três contos, a convivência dessas duas características contrastantes. Como Machado adota uma miscelânea nos gêneros literários, será preciso analisar o teatro e a sátira menipéia dos quais se serviu para a confecção de tais contos, disso decorreu nossa preocupação em avaliá-los / Machado de Assis literature presents a duality between tragic and comic, which this dissertation aims to explore and understand. The investigation of such aspects has been divided in two parts: the first one approaches Machados work as a whole, with no focus on any text in particular; the second part, through the analysis of three short stories, points out the coexistence of those two contrasting characteristics. Since Machado adopts a variety of literary genres, we deem it necessary to analyse both the theater and the menippean satire he has put into use to create such short stories, thus our concern in evaluating them.
112

Para além de Deus e da natureza: Elementos de filosofia trágica nos diálogos sobre a religião de David Hume

Silva, Gilberto Cabral da 26 August 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gilberto Cabral da Silva.pdf: 1528100 bytes, checksum: 1cb9f67fd62cfb84861765c173eda720 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This Work intends an epistemological approach of David Hume s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by French philosopher Clément Rosset s category of tragic philosophy . We propose a new interpretative possibility of Hume s thought in the Dialogues, different form the naturalism and beyond the simple skepticism . The concept of tragic philosophy allows one to think the Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion as a work of tragic philosophy, in which the concept of nature is completely dissolved by the skeptic arguments. / Esta dissertação pretende uma abordagem epistemológica dos Diálogos sobre a Religião Natural de David Hume por meio da categoria de filosofia trágica , trabalhada pelo filósofo francês Clément Rosset. Propomos uma nova possibilidade interpretativa do pensamento de David Hume, diferente do naturalismo e além do simples ceticismo. O conceito de filosofia trágica permite pensar os Diálogos sobre a Religião Natural como uma obra de filosofia trágica, na qual é efetuada, através dos argumentos céticos, a completa dissolução do conceito de natureza .
113

Hannah Arendt : uma filosofia da fragilidade

Bosch, Alfons Carles Salellas January 2017 (has links)
Instigada pelos acontecimentos a dar resposta à experiência do totalitarismo, cujas consequências ela padeceu em primeira pessoa, a obra de Hannah Arendt é uma crítica categórica da filosofia política tradicional, iniciada por Platão. Resposta à negação da política que representaram os regimes totalitários do século XX e crítica à retirada da dignidade da política por parte da filosofia, que a submeteu à sua tutela. Segura de encontrar os fundamentos da política além do seu próprio âmbito, a tradição filosófica ocidental substituiu a reflexão e o exercício da liberdade, verdadeiro sentido da política segundo Arendt, por uma teoria do governo e da dominação que esconde a fragilidade inerente ao domínio dos assuntos humanos. Pretendemos defender que o pensamento político arendtiano tem como pressuposto básico e necessário o reconhecimento da fragilidade constitutiva da política, sem que isso implique qualquer paradoxo. Para tanto, seguimos o rastro dessa fragilidade num conjunto selecionado de textos da autora e defendemos que sua reflexão entra no campo do pósfundacionalismo. Como corolário, sugerimos que, apesar dos depoimentos da própria interessada, Hannah Arendt escreveu uma obra de filosofia política, alternativa à grande tradição, que nós chamamos de filosofia da fragilidade. / Prompted by events to give response to the experience of totalitarianism the consequences of which she suffered in first person, the work of Hannah Arendt is a categorical critique of the great tradition of political philosophy initiated by Plato. Response to the negation of politics that represented the twentieth century totalitarian régimes and critique of the withdrawal of the dignity of politics practiced by philosophy that submitted it under tutelage. Sure to find the foundations of politics beyond its own realm, the Western tradition of philosophy replaced the reflection and the exercise of freedom, the true sense of politics according to Arendt, by a theory of government and domination that hides away the inherent frailty of the realm of human affairs. We intend to defend that Arendt’s political thinking has its basic and necessary requirement in the recognition of the constitutive frailty of politics, without this incurring in any paradox. Therefore, we follow the trail of this frailty across a selected set of the author's texts and argue that her reflection enters in the postfoundational field. As a corollary, we suggest that, despite her own testimony, Hannah Arendt wrote a work of political philosophy, an alternative one to the great tradition, that we may call philosophy of frailty.
114

Le rire de l’horreur sur la scène anglaise contemporaine : vers une nouvelle poétique de la comédie ? / Laughing at horror on the contemporary English stage : towards a new poetics of comedy?

Pasquet, Laetitia 22 November 2013 (has links)
Paradoxal, le rire de l’horreur constitue cependant une donnée majeure de l’expérience théâtrale contemporaine. Il procède d’une mutation du comique qui en vient à exprimer la violence au lieu de l’édulcorer. Sur la scène anglaise d’après l’abolition de la censure (1968), le comique se fait miroir des angoisses de la société et l’horreur, mise en scène de façon de plus en plus naturaliste, fait rire le public tout en suscitant un profond malaise qui interroge la position du spectateur. Mais, dans un mouvement inverse et encore plus dérangeant parce qu’insidieux, l’humour se fait aussi vecteur d’effroi quand l’horreur est tue ou euphémisée, renvoyant alors au public une interrogation profondément éthique sur l’humanité de son rire. Ces mutations esthétiques s’insèrent dans une profonde déstabilisation de la nature même de la comédie et de son idéologie optimiste et humaniste : si certains sous-genres (la farce, la comedy of manners, la city comedy, la parodie) représentent volontiers des situations horribles, la comédie est structurellement défigurée quand elle incorpore une ontologie horrible, quand sa forme n’implique plus le progrès mais l’arbitraire et quand son dénouement se fait explicitement dissonant. L’horreur, défigurant de manière ludique la forme de la comédie, devient un principe poétique qui renouvelle le genre, et en particulier les archétypes comiques inoffensifs pour les rendre terribles. Car c’est à l’aune de la tragédie défaillante que se refonde la comédie et le rire s’y étouffe, lesté d’une conscience du tragique soulignée par la culpabilité inhérente à de nombreux éclats de rire, mais surtout par la dérision des valeurs tragiques et la relativisation de l’absolu dans l’humour. Dans ces conditions, le rire devient un moyen d’accéder à la puissance des émotions tragiques, et la catharsis se redéfinit, s’éloignant de la traditionnelle purification des passions pour devenir une réintensification de leur pouvoir humanisant. / Paradoxical as it may be, laughing at horror is a major feature of the contemporary theatrical experience. It emerges from a shift in the comic mode which now expresses violence instead of muffling it. In the aftermath of the abolition of censorship in the United Kingdom (1968), this comic mode has held a mirror up to society’s fears and horror has been staged in a more and more naturalistic way, so as to make the audience laugh while unsettling them, questioning the very position of the spectators. However, in a converse and even more disturbing way, humour has become a way to appal them, subduing horror instead of underlining it and thereby deeply questioning them on the humanity of laughter. Those aesthetic shifts take part in a general process of undermining comedy’s humanistic optimistic ideology; even though some subgenres (namely farce, city comedy, comedy of manners or parody) easily stage horrible scenes, comedy is structurally defaced when it includes an ontology of horror, when its shape does not express progress but arbitrariness and when its ending is explicitly unhappy. Playing on the structure of comedy to the point of defacing it, horror becomes a poetic principle that renews the genre and especially the comic archetypes, making them dreadful instead of harmless. It is indeed tragedy’s failure that becomes the measure of this renewal of comedy, as laughter gets stifled by the tragic consciousness that tinges many laughs with guilt, caused by the way tragic values are ridiculed and tragic absoluteness belittled by humour. In those conditions, laughing turns into a means for the spectator to surreptitiously feel the power of tragic emotions; the experience redefines catharsis, no longer a purification of emotions but a new way to reach their humanising power.
115

The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Dance: Nietzschean Transitions in Nijinsky's Ballets

Levine, Sarah 17 August 2012 (has links)
This project compares the career of the early 20th century ballet dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky, to Friedrich Nietzsche’s theory of the tragic arts. In The Birth of Tragedy (1872) and elsewhere, Nietzsche argues that artists play the central role in communal mythmaking and religious renewal; he prescribes the healing work of the “tragic artist” to save modernity from the decadence and nihilism he identifies in scientism, historicism, and Christianity. As a dancer, and especially as a choreographer for the Ballets Russes (1912-1913), Nijinsky staged a kinetic response to modern culture that not only displayed shared concerns with Nietzsche, but also, as I argue, allow him to be interpreted as Nietzsche’s archetypical tragic artist. By juxtaposing the philologist-philosopher and dancer-choreographer as artists, I situate the emergence of Modern Art as a nascent movement still bound to Romanticism even while rebelling against it, and as an attempt to reinterpret art in a mythic (and thoroughly modern) context.
116

Trains, Trolley Cars, and Lifeboats: A Solution to Agent-Centered Restrictions and Tragic Questions through the Application of Middle Theory

Ferrer, Eric Christopher 01 January 2014 (has links)
This Thesis will examine how the framing of ‘trolley problems’ incorrectly motivates arithmetic rankings of states of affairs by removing context. This is problematic because the context of these problems provides the tools to solve moral dilemmas by allowing one to analyze the relevant motivations, moral implications, duties, values, and personal and societal obligations that one has. I will discuss Samuel Scheffler’s charge that a paradox exists within agent-centered restrictions and how his abstract paradigmatic case leads to arithmetic rankings of choices, which are both unrealistic and lead to tragic and morally unacceptable decision making. I will argue that Allen Wood’s Middle Theory can help dispel the apparent paradox and demonstrate a better way to examine ‘trolley problems’. I will further discuss how Martha Nussbaum’s analysis of tragic questions illuminates the issues surrounding such problems providing a morally acceptable way to account for the occasional unavoidable harm that results in decision-making caused by solving ‘trolley problems.’ Taken together, Wood’s and Nussbaum’s theories and analysis provide potential solutions to ‘trolley problems.’
117

O trágico e o demoníaco em "O evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo", de Saramago

Pinheiro, Vanessa Neves Riambau January 2007 (has links)
Este estudo realiza uma análise de O Evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo, de José Saramago, partindo do pressuposto de que a obra recupera circunstâncias presentes no trágico grego, lhe oferecendo nova roupagem. Avaliamos, através deste estudo, que determinados fatores pertinentes à época grega, tais como a culpa e a inevitável submissão a um destino inexorável, permanecem intactos. Porém, como as tragédias gregas não mais existem, algumas mudanças no modus tragicus surgiram, tais como as forças que pesam sobre o herói e a sua atual disposição: o protagonista revela-se agora hesitante e questionador, e seu desfecho não é mais prenunciado pela moira implacável, e sim diretamente causado pela ação de um tirano. Para chegarmos a essas conclusões, realizamos um percurso que se iniciou na Grécia antiga, com o estudo de Aristóteles, até chegarmos aos pensadores contemporâneos, tais como Peter Szondi e George Steiner. A partir dessa pesquisa sobre o trágico, percebemos que a obra estudada encaixa-se no modo de ficção trágica formulado pelo crítico canadense Northrop Frye. Não obstante, consideramos que a narrativa recupera imagens, tais como a cruz, o deserto e o nevoeiro, que aparecem como indícios deste mundo obscuro, chamado por Frye de demoníaco. Cabe ressaltar que o mundo demoníaco é considerado pelo crítico como um modo de representação da ficção trágica. Frye em a Anatomia da crítica propõe quatro tipos de crítica, complementares entre si: histórica, ética, arquetípica e retórica. Em nosso estudo, nos embasamos principalmente nos conceitos formulados a partir da crítica histórica e da arquetípica. A primeira analisa os modos de ficção e mostra de que forma ocorre a ficção que se pretende trágica, e a última, por sua vez, privilegia os mitos e as imagens suscitadas a partir deles. Assim, pudemos nos apropriar dessas definições trabalhadas pelo teórico para embasar nossa hipótese, ou seja, para podermos verificar a tragicidade existente em O Evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo. / This study undertakes an analysis of The Gospel According to Jesus Christ, by José Saramago based on the assumptions that the work recovers elements present in Greek tragedy, giving it new treatment. We consider, through this study, that certain factors pertaining to the Greek context, such as guilt and an inevitable submission to an inexorable destiny, remain intact. However, as Greek tragedies no longer exist, some changes in the modus tragicus appeared, such as forces that weigh upon the hero and his current disposition: the protagonist now discloses himself as hesitating and inquisitive and his ending is not dictated by the implacable moira. Instead, it is directly caused by the action of a tyrant. In order to bring off such conclusions we traced a path that started back in Ancient Greece, with the study of Aristotle, and came up to contemporary thinkers such as Peter Szondi and George Steiner. Based on this research on the tragedy, we come to understand that the novel in question fits the mode of tragic fiction formulated by the Canadian critic Northrop Frye. Moreover, the narrative recovers images, such as the cross, the desert and the fog, that appear as indications of the obscure world called demoniac by Frye. It is important to highlight that the demoniac world is considered by the critic as a mode of representation in tragic fiction. In his Anatomy of Criticism , Frye proposes four types of criticism that complement one another: historical, ethical, archetypical and rhetoric. Our study is chiefly based on the concepts formulated in historical and archetypical criticism. The former analyses the modes of fiction and shows how the allegedly tragic fiction works. The latter focuses on the myths and images occasioned by them. Thus, we were able to make use of the definitions worked out by the theoretician to embed our hypothesis, that is, to verify the tragicity present in The Gospel According to Jesus Christ.
118

Repercussões do trágico e do social no teatro de Dias Gomes : leitura comparativa entre Antígona de Sófocles; O Pagador de Promessas, O Santo Inquérito e As Primícias de Dias Gomes /

Alves, Lourdes Kaminski. January 2003 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Lúcia Pinheiro Sampaio / Banca: Ingrid Ani Assmann de Freitas / Banca: Afonso de Castro / Banca: Alamir Aquino Corrêa / Banca: Lúcio Flávio de Carvalho / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre Antígona (442 a.C.) de Sófocles e as peças O Pagador de Promessas (1960), O Santo Inquérito (1966) e As Primícias (1977), do dramaturgo contemporâneo Dias Gomes, a fim de observar a presença e a transformação do gênero trágico no teatro contemporâneo. As peças, observadas pelo perfil das personagens protagonistas, podem ser lidas a partir de uma tipologia do herói trágico, na medida em que apresentam uma forte tonalidade trágica na construção das personagens e na sua estrutura interna travando um diálogo intertextual com a tragédia antiga. A literatura comparada é a teoria que estabeleceu o caminho inspirador deste trabalho e, dado o seu caráter dialógico, determinou as partes e seqüências do mesmo. Sob o enfoque da literatura comparada observa-se que a dramaturgia de Dias Gomes, especialmente as peças aqui analisadas, apresentam traços de construção da personagem trágica que ora se aproximam, ora se distanciam de Antígona de Sófocles. A presente tese está estruturada em cinco capítulos: a primeira parte apresenta a fundamentação teórica, partindo de uma exposição panorâmica sobre a literatura comparada, método comparativo, histórico e evolução da concepção do método e da disciplina; material que subsidiará a análise das peças que constituem o objeto de estudo aqui apresentado. Na seqüência, a segunda parte faz um estudo sobre a sociedade grega e o teatro trágico, na tentativa de se compreender o processo criativo, as relações temáticas, a estrutura do gênero e a formação do herói trágico, para então, na terceira parte, apresentar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This is a comparative study between Sophocles' Antigone (442 B.C.) and the plays O Pagador de Promessas (1960), O Santo Inquérito (1966) and As Primícias (1977) by the contemporary playwright Dias Gomes in order to look at the presence and the transformation of the tragic genre in the contemporary theater. The plays, taking into account the profile of the protagonists, can be read from a tragic hero typology, since they present a strong tragic tone in the construction of the characters and in their internal structure, establishing an intertextual dialogue with the ancient tragedy. Comparative Literature is the theory that indicated the inspiring path of this work and, given its dialogic essence, determined its parts and sequence. From a comparative stance, Dias Gomes's dramatic craft, particularly the plays analyzed here, presents traces of the construction of the tragic character, which at times resemble and at times differ from Sophocles' Antigone. This dissertation is structured in five chapters: the first part presents the theoretical foundation, starting with an overview of Comparative Literature, the comparative method, history and development of the method and the discipline, all of which will give support to the analysis of the plays focused here. The second part is a study of the Greek society and the tragic theater, in an attempt to understand the creative process, the thematic relations, the structure of the genre and the formation of the tragic hero so as to present, in the third part, a contextualizing study about Sophocles and the tragedy Antigone. Antigone was interpreted based on the meanings that characterize the tragic dimension... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor
119

[en] THE LANGUAGE BETWEEN THE BECOMING AND THE ALIENATION / [pt] A LINGUAGEM ENTRE O DEVIR E A ALIENAÇÃO

FELIPE BO HUTHMACHER 17 September 2018 (has links)
[pt] O presente trabalho trata das relações estabelecidas entre as concepções de inconsciente e linguagem nas obras de Nietzsche, Lacan, Deleuze e Guattari. No final do século XIX, ocupando-se do papel da estética trágica na cultura da Grécia Antiga, Nietzsche enxerga na arte de Sófocles e Ésquilo um universo simbólico em harmonia com as pulsões inconscientes da vida. Ao mesmo tempo, diagnostica na atitude socrático-platônico-cristã uma interrupção dos processos em devir simbolizados pela linguagem trágica em nome de uma apologia às virtudes dialéticas da consciência e à negatividade de um monoteísmo antropocêntrico. Lacan, na década de 1950, surge como uma alegoria desse modo negativo de se relacionar com os processos inconscientes da linguagem, ao passo que Deleuze e Guattari, também na segunda metade do século XX, afirmam a experiência trágica da análise nietzschiana como forma de explodir as estruturas lacanianas que cerceiam a vida submetendo o desejo ao monoteísmo-dialético próprio à alienação do significante. / [en] This work deals with the relations established between the concepts of the language and of the unconscious in the works of Nietzsche, Lacan, Deleuze and Guattari. In the late nineteenth century, taking care of the role of tragic aesthetics in the culture of Ancient Greece, Nietzsche sees on the art of Sophocles and Aeschylus a symbolic universe in harmony with the unconscious drives of life. At the same time, he diagnoses the attitude socratic-platonic-christian as an interruption of the becoming processes symbolized by the tragic language on behalf of an apology to the virtues of a dialectical consciousness and the negativity of an anthropocentric monotheism. Lacan, in the 1950s, emerges as an allegory of this negative way of dealing with the unconscious processes of language, while Deleuze and Guattari, also in the second half of the twentieth century, affirm the nietzschian analysis of the tragic experience state as a way to blow up the lacanian structures that curtail life by the submission of desire on a monotheism-dialectic to the itself significant alienation.
120

Hannah Arendt : uma filosofia da fragilidade

Bosch, Alfons Carles Salellas January 2017 (has links)
Instigada pelos acontecimentos a dar resposta à experiência do totalitarismo, cujas consequências ela padeceu em primeira pessoa, a obra de Hannah Arendt é uma crítica categórica da filosofia política tradicional, iniciada por Platão. Resposta à negação da política que representaram os regimes totalitários do século XX e crítica à retirada da dignidade da política por parte da filosofia, que a submeteu à sua tutela. Segura de encontrar os fundamentos da política além do seu próprio âmbito, a tradição filosófica ocidental substituiu a reflexão e o exercício da liberdade, verdadeiro sentido da política segundo Arendt, por uma teoria do governo e da dominação que esconde a fragilidade inerente ao domínio dos assuntos humanos. Pretendemos defender que o pensamento político arendtiano tem como pressuposto básico e necessário o reconhecimento da fragilidade constitutiva da política, sem que isso implique qualquer paradoxo. Para tanto, seguimos o rastro dessa fragilidade num conjunto selecionado de textos da autora e defendemos que sua reflexão entra no campo do pósfundacionalismo. Como corolário, sugerimos que, apesar dos depoimentos da própria interessada, Hannah Arendt escreveu uma obra de filosofia política, alternativa à grande tradição, que nós chamamos de filosofia da fragilidade. / Prompted by events to give response to the experience of totalitarianism the consequences of which she suffered in first person, the work of Hannah Arendt is a categorical critique of the great tradition of political philosophy initiated by Plato. Response to the negation of politics that represented the twentieth century totalitarian régimes and critique of the withdrawal of the dignity of politics practiced by philosophy that submitted it under tutelage. Sure to find the foundations of politics beyond its own realm, the Western tradition of philosophy replaced the reflection and the exercise of freedom, the true sense of politics according to Arendt, by a theory of government and domination that hides away the inherent frailty of the realm of human affairs. We intend to defend that Arendt’s political thinking has its basic and necessary requirement in the recognition of the constitutive frailty of politics, without this incurring in any paradox. Therefore, we follow the trail of this frailty across a selected set of the author's texts and argue that her reflection enters in the postfoundational field. As a corollary, we suggest that, despite her own testimony, Hannah Arendt wrote a work of political philosophy, an alternative one to the great tradition, that we may call philosophy of frailty.

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