The neurotoxic potential of intravenous administered benzylpenicillin (BPC) was studied in rabbits with intact blood-CNS barriers and rabbits with experimental E. coli meningitis. At onset of epileptogenic EEG activity or seizures, serum, CSF and brain tissue were collected for assay of BPC. Based on the fact that, in tissues, BPC seems to remain extracellularly, brain concentrations of BPC were expressed as brain tissue fluid (BTF) levels, calculated as lOx the concentration in whole brain tissue. Neurotoxicity could be precipitated in all rabbits. In normal rabbits BTF levels of BPC were considerably higher than those in CSF indicating a better penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BPC penetrated better to CSF and BTF in meningitic rabbits than in normal controls, suggesting some degree of damage of the BBB concomitant with meningeal inflammation. E. coli meningitis did not increase the neurotoxicity of BPC. In control rabbits the intracistemal injection of saline resulted in some degree of pleocytosis. Unmanipulated animals are therefore preferable as controls. Epileptogenic EEG-changes was the most precise of the two variables used for demonstration of neurotoxicity. EEG-changes were therefore used as neurotoxicity criterion in the following rabbit experiments. To evaluate the effect of uraemia alone and uraemia plus meningitis on the neurotoxity of BPC in rabbits, cephaloridine was used to induce uraemia. Meningitis was induced by intracistemal inoculation of a cephalosporinresistant strain of E. cloacae. Untreated  rabbits were used as controls. Uraemia resulted in increased BTF penetration of BPC, possibly explained by permeability changes in the BBB and/or decreased binding of BPC to albumin. Uraemia did not result in increased penetration of BPC into the CSF of non-meningitic rabbits. Uraemic non-meningitic rabbits had the highest BTF levels of BPC at the criterion, indicating that cephaloridine-induced renal failure increased the epileptogenic threshold in these rabbits. The combination of uraemia and meningitis increased the neurotoxicity of BPC since the criterion was reached at considerably lower BTF levels of BPC. Meningitis, either alone or together with uraemia, did not increase the neurotoxicity in comparison to control rabbits. Higher BTF levels of BPC were found in meningitic rabbits than in controls with intact blood-CNS barriers at onset of EEG-changes. In all groups of rabbits there was a pronounced variability of BPC levels in the CSF while the intra-group variations in BTF levels were much smaller. Thus, BTF and not CSF levels were decisive for the neurotoxicity of BPC. Using   the same EEG-model, the neurotoxic potential of imipenem/cilastatin (I) and a new penem derivative, FCE 22101 were compared in a cross-over study. Both I and FCE 22101 were significantly more neurotoxic than BPC. While BTF levels of the three antibiotics could be detected in all tested rabbits, detectable CSF levels were only found in one of twelve rabbits treated with I or FCE 22101, indicating that BTF concentrations rather than CSF ones are decisive for neurotoxicity of ß-lactam antibiotics. The EEG-model used was found to be a suitable model for cross-over studies of intravenously administered antibiotics. Using the "silent-second" as EEG-threshold, a CNS interaction between intraperitoneally administered BPC and intravenous thiopental was demonstrated in rats. The most probably site for this interaction is the organic acid transport system out of the CNS. Thiopental distribution in the rat brain seemed to depend not only on its lipid solubility. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1988, härtill 5 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu

No description available.

The Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) system is an important application of Intelligent Transport System (ITS), which has been shown to be an effect service for traffic information and parking management. The roadside Variable Message Sign (VMS) board has been the usual media for the publication of parking information in early PGI systems, and its performance over the years has been studied via simulations and questionnaire surveys. However, survey results show significant discrepancies across various traffic networks in different areas. More recently, parking information services have become available on other media such as mobile and in-vehicle devices. In contrast to VMS-based systems, PGI systems based on new media, especially the in-vehicle class of devices, have not been studied separately. This thesis aims to conduct research into the performance of PGI systems based on invehicle devices, by simulating and comparing a VMS-based PGI system with a Vehicle On-Board Device (VOBD)-based PGI system. A specially designed simulator utilising a routing algorithm known as the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in computer networks, has been created in MATLAB. The simulation minimises the influence of specific structures of traffic networks that may be found in some networks, but not others. This is done by simulating a grid-based road network where the capacities of parking stations and their geographic distribution are randomly allocated within specific zones, and the parking demand in each run of simulations is variable load. The results of simulations, including the information reliability, reduction of travel time, demand on on-street parking and the utilisation rates of parking stations, are analysed for multiple scenarios where the compliance rate, the information update policy and the strategy of human behaviour are varied. The analyses reveal a significant advantage of VOBD-based PGI systems over VMS-based PGI systems in terms of the quality of information and the reduction of travel time. At the same time, the analyses highlight the limitations of a PGI system when the demand and supply of parking stations is not appropriately balanced.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5116.pdf: 5357371 bytes, checksum: 423ea429e66c30826d261ab52e369ca2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-09 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work aimed to verify the changes that occurred in three items of public transport system in São Luís-MA. We studied the provision of services, travel time lines and opinions of the interviewees. The study was done by comparing data from surveys in 2000 and 2011. The survey results in 2000 were obtained from the VERTRAN, the company that prepared the studies at that time. In the surveys of 2011, in order to study the provision of transport services system, secondary data were collected by the Municipal Office of transit and transport. In the item travel time lines the results were obtained through surveys embedded in six lines, three trips in each morning peak, between peak and afternoon peak. Obtaining data on the opinions of the interviewees was conducted through questionnaires directly to the users at the bus stations and points of embarkation and disembarkation. In relation to the provision of transport service, the analyzes found a growth index (quantity lines; quantity trips, fleet, etc..) below the demand, this indicates that the public transport system is below the need. In the section travel time lines, the results indicate that the analyzed lines have increased the total travel time, and especially the delay time for stops at traffic jams. The result of comparing the opinions of the interviewees showed that their profile has undergone some changes (occupation, income level, etc..) And their views on existing problems in public transport system continue to indicate the existence of such difficulties pointed out in 2000, but it has increased the indication of some items and worsening in business valuation and management bureau. It is concluded that the three items items studied had significant differences: different growth between supply and demand, causing imbalance in service; it has increased the travel time lines, causing difficulties for passengers, and worsening in the evaluation of services by users. / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar as mudanças que ocorreram em três itens do transporte coletivo na cidade de São Luís-MA. Foram estudados oferta de serviços, tempo de viagem nas linhas e opiniões de entrevistados. O estudo foi feito através de comparação de dados de pesquisas feitas nos anos de 2000 e 2011. Os resultados das pesquisas de 2000 foram obtidos junto à VERTRAN, empresa que elaborou os estudos na época. Nas pesquisas de 2011, para estudar a oferta de serviços de transporte, foram levantados dados secundários junto à secretaria municipal de trânsito e transportes. Já no item tempo de viagem nas linhas os resultados foram obtidos através de pesquisas embarcadas em 6 linhas, sendo três viagens em cada uma nos picos da manhã, entre picos e pico da tarde. A obtenção de dados sobre as opiniões dos entrevistados foi realizada através da aplicação de questionários diretos aos usuários nos terminais de ônibus e em pontos de embarque e desembarque. Na oferta de serviços de transportes, as análises realizadas verificaram um crescimento de índices (quant. de linhas; quant. de viagens, frota, etc.) abaixo da demanda, o que indica que o transporte público está abaixo da necessidade. No item tempo de viagem das linhas, os resultados apontam que as linhas analisadas sofreram um aumento no tempo total de viagem, e principalmente no tempo de retardamento por paradas em congestionamentos. O resultado da comparação das opiniões dos entrevistados mostrou que o perfil destes sofreu algumas mudanças (ocupação, nível de renda, etc.) e suas opiniões sobre os problemas existentes no transporte coletivo continuam indicando a existência das mesmas dificuldades apontadas em 2000, porém com aumento na indicação de alguns itens e piora na avaliação de empresas e órgão gestor. Conclui-se que nos três itens estudados foram encontradas diferenças significativas: crescimento diferente entre oferta e demanda, gerando desequilíbrio no serviço; aumento no tempo de viagem nas linhas, originando dificuldades para os passageiros; e piora na avaliação dos serviços por parte dos usuários.

The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate and compare the chosen integrated transport systems in the Czech Republic and based on findings submit a proposal to improvement. For this purpose are chosen the largest and the smarter transport sysstems in the Czech Republic, which are: - Integrated transport system of the Hradec Kralove region (IREDO) - Prague integrated transport system (PID) - Integrated transport system of the South Moravia (IDS JMK) Within the analysis is used the evaluation of the qulitative indicators, for example the number of the carriers, the number of tthe stations etc. This shows that these indicators haven?t got sufficient predictive value for the analysis and final evaluation, because some differences among the transport system. Therefore are the ratios included the analysis, which arw designed on the basis of the quantitative criterions recalculated for factors causing the significant differences of the transport systems. From the analysiss came out best the Integrated transport system in Prague (PID), because of the high freguency of the transport links, large fleet, reliable continuity of the transport links, and the positive evaluation of the range of distribution network, the number of vending machines, types of tickets and existence of the car lots P+R. The worst rated is Integrated transport system of Hradec Kralove region (IREDO), which was recomended to concenterate for the information sources and to attractive the system by these sources. Generally speaking the successful integrated transport systems are these which comply with conditions of the uniformity, intelligibility and clarity. Another important factor is the high frequency of the transport links, the continuity, availability of the bus stops and of course the quality passenger information.

This diploma thesis focuses on the problems of transport and traffic literacy. The first part includes the analysis of the current state of transport services and of the traffic literacy in the Tábor region. In this part a field research was done on the basis of survey among the inhabitants of Tábor. The results of the field research were summarized and analyzed in the synthetic part of the diploma thesis. The results of this field survey imply that both the public transport and the traffic literacy in Tábor are on good level. This part also includes a study of practicability for implementation of trolley-bus transport in Tábor. The implementation of this transport in the route Tábor {--} Sezimovo Ústí {--} Planá nad Lužnicí would require an investment in an amount of circa 400 million crowns, however, indisputable benefit would be a decrease of emissions and acoustic noise in the town. In the conclusion, several suggestions for improvement of the current state are presented, whose aim was the improvement of the transport services and the overall transport potential in the Tábor region.

Esta dissertação trata dos abrigos para usuários em pontos de parada de ônibus na cidade de São Paulo, que são popularmente conhecidos como abrigo de ônibus. Toma como exemplo a produção mais recente no município: os abrigos SP450 e Barbosa & Corbucci (B&C), implantados na gestão da prefeita Marta Suplicy - 2001-2004. Apresenta os abrigos enfocando seus aspectos de concepção, produção e implantação, e os analisa através de suas características de mobiliário urbano e as relações com o sistema de transporte público urbano. Ao observar sua inserção dentro do funcionamento do sistema de transporte e da situação política, evidenciam-se os desvios entre a concepção das propostas e a realidade de sua implantação. Conforme verificado na pesquisa realizada, o desenvolvimento de uma peça de mobiliário abrange uma ampla escala - desde o planejamento urbano até detalhamento de projeto - com interface em diversas áreas do conhecimento: design e produção, instalação e manutenção de peças e serviços, legislação, exploração econômica, gestão de espaço público, gestão de infra-estrutura urbana, entre outras. Longe de esgotar o tema, a pesquisa documenta a atual condição de permanência na cidade, fornecendo subsídios para desenvolvimentos complementares, e expõe algumas das condicionantes de concepção e produção de abrigos de ônibus urbanos, como equipamento para uso em espaço público. / This work raises the formerly São Paulo city´s bus shelters. It starts with the most recent local production, developed in Marta Suplicy Mayor Management (2001-2004): SP450 and Barbosa & Corbucci bus shelters models. The text introduces the bus shelters focusing in the conception, production and installation aspects, and analyses them throughout your urban furniture characteristics and the bus system transportation relations. Looking inside the system transport management and the political situation, show up the differences between the original proposals and the real implementation. As verified, the urban space elements development reaches many scales - from urban planning until design detaliling - with interface in various fields: design and production, service installation and spare pieces maintenance conditions, legislation, economic exploitation, public space management, urban infrastructure management, among others. Without exhausting the theme, the research offers some outlines to the current situation - and provides subside for futures developments - and ask and expose some public space equipment conception and production limitations constraints, especially bus shelter´s guidelines.

Today´s society is facing many challenges, of which the biggest one is to continue to be globalized and at the same time sustainable. Thus, the search for alternatives to them, requires a never before experienced effort. The rapid expansion of cities in Brazil, put issues such as urban mobility on the agenda for discussion, raising problems such as traffic jams, traffic deaths, lack of infrastructure of roads, lack of security, insecurity in public transport that make locomotion unsafe act and stressful for the citizen. The public roads remain the same, the number of private cars grows in the streets and no brakes. Given the above and taking public transport as an outlet for mitigation of problems in the context of mobility is that this study evaluated the urban mobility in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, with regard to service and people´s access to the city´s public transport system through desk research, field and observational. The results of this study show that there must be a change in thinking of the general population. Need to understand that there is not a privilege but a right to move safely and comfortably within a city for all who compose it. Traffic routes are public goods and should be distributed according to the amount of people, not vehicles. The city should be designed for pedestrians, not for cars. The public transport has priority on the roads, then, allows the mass transport of the population. This should give security and comfort to its users. Thus, urban planning built together, demonstrates the people a service with transparency, accountability and the existence of a management based on democracy. It is hoped therefore that this research will be useful in the sphere of planning and management of the municipal territory, contributing as a monitoring tool of urban mobility, seeking to present paths to sustainable urban development of the city of Aracaju. / A sociedade atual se encontra diante de vários desafios dos quais o maior deles seja continuar sendo globalizada e ao mesmo tempo sustentável. Desse modo, a busca por alternativas a eles, exige um esforço nunca antes experimentado. A acelerada expansão das cidades, no Brasil, colocou temas como a mobilidade urbana em pauta para discussões, levantando problemas como engarrafamentos, morte no trânsito, falta de infraestrutura das vias, ausência de segurança, precariedade nos transportes públicos que torna o ato de locomoção inseguro e estressante para o cidadão. As vias públicas continuam as mesmas e o número de veículos particulares aumenta cada vez mais. Diante do exposto, e tendo o transporte público como uma saída para a mitigação de problemas no âmbito da mobilidade é que este trabalho avaliou a mobilidade urbana da cidade de Aracaju, Sergipe, no tocante ao serviço e acesso da população ao sistema de transporte público da cidade, através da pesquisa documental, de campo e observacional. Os resultados desse estudo mostram que deve haver uma mudança no modo de pensar da população de modo geral. Precisa-se entender que, não existe privilégio, mas o direito de se transitar com segurança e conforto no âmbito de uma cidade para todos os que a compõe. As vias de circulação são bens públicos e devem ser distribuídas de acordo com a quantidade de pessoas, não de veículos. A cidade deve ser pensada para os pedestres, não para os carros. O transporte coletivo tem prioridade nas vias, pois, permite o transporte em massa da população devendo dar segurança e conforto aos seus usuários. Assim, o planejamento urbano construído em conjunto, demonstra para a população um serviço prestado com transparência, responsabilidade e a existência de uma gestão baseada na democracia. Espera-se, portanto, que essa pesquisa seja útil na esfera do planejamento e gestão do território municipal, contribuindo como uma ferramenta de monitoramento da mobilidade urbana, procurando apresentar caminhos para o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável da cidade de Aracaju.

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2017-03-03T16:31:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_rodrigo_albaneze.pdf: 566039 bytes, checksum: 895fe9d687612ba7309af94cad320bff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T20:13:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_rodrigo_albaneze.pdf: 566039 bytes, checksum: 895fe9d687612ba7309af94cad320bff (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T20:15:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_rodrigo_albaneze.pdf: 566039 bytes, checksum: 895fe9d687612ba7309af94cad320bff (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T20:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_rodrigo_albaneze.pdf: 566039 bytes, checksum: 895fe9d687612ba7309af94cad320bff (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 / Sem bolsa / O dano mecânico constitui em um dos fatores limitantes à produção de sementes de soja de alta qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o dano mecânico causado na semente de soja, ao se utilizar a graneleiro transportador com sistema de descarga por caracol, como meio de transporte da colhedora para o caminhão, durante a colheita. Os levantamentos foram realizados em duas lavouras de produção de sementes de cooperados da C.Vale Cooperativa Agroindustrial, localizada em Abelardo Luz - SC. Acompanhou-se a colheita das sementes das cultivares CD 202 RR e BMX Turbo RR. Coletaram-se amostras das sementes colhidas em três diferentes horários (10:00, 12:30 e 16:00 horas) e em três locais (no depósito da colhedora, no graneleiro transportador e no caminhão). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com dois fatores (local de colheita em 3 níveis e horário de colheita em 3 níveis), com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey em nível de 5 % de probabilidade. Avaliaram-se a percentagem de sementes quebradas (bandinhas), teor de água, dano mecânico no tegumento (hipoclorito) e germinação. O uso do equipamento auxiliar graneleiro transportador contribui para o aumento na incidência de sementes quebradas de soja, porém não interfere de forma direta na germinação do lote. A redução de umidade da semente no momento da colheita resulta em incremento de danos mecânicos imediatos e consequente diminuição do aproveitamento de sementes. Danos mecânicos em sementes de soja são cumulativos e a severidade varia com a cultivar. Sementes de soja maiores tendem a sofrer danos mecânicos mais graves do que sementes menores. / The mechanical damage is one of the limiting factors of soybean production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical damage in soybean seed when using the bulk carrier truck, with discharge by spiral system, as a means of transportation from the harvester to the truck, during harvest. The surveys were conducted in two seed production fields belonged to members of C.Vale Cooperativa Agroindustrial, located in Abelardo Luz - SC. Was monitored the harvest of the seeds of cultivars CD 202 RR and BMX Turbo RR. Samples were collected from seeds harvested at three different times (10:00 a.m, 12:30 p.m and 04:00 p.m) and in three places (in the bulk carrier of the harvester, in the bulk carrier that transport the seeds and in the truck). It was used a completely randomized design, with two factors (place of harvesting in 3 levels and harvest time in 3 levels), with four replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. We evaluated the percentage of broken seeds, moisture content, hypochlorite test and standart germination test. It was found that the use of the bulk carrier auxiliary equipment, contribute to an increase in the percentage of broken soybeans, but not interfering directly on their viability; the reduction in seed moisture at harvest results in more immediate mechanical damages; and mechanical damages in soybean seeds are cumulative.

The diploma thesis deals with Integrated public transport system in South Moravia region. The author describes the term of integrated public transport system and its advantages in the theoretical part of the thesis. The practical part deals with constitution and development of the system in the South Moravia region and describes its subsystems: organizing and economical, tariff and transport subystem. The final chapter describes transport systems in the regions of the Czech republic. The last chapter shows the shortages of the current transport system. The main aim of the thesis is to make analysis of the current system, to compare theoretical findings with the current situation, to situate the transport system in South Moravia into the frame of the public transportation in the Czech republic and to compare it with other systems.