A presente dissertação é parte da pesquisa que se propõe investigar o discurso da materialidade cênica do grupo italiano Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio. O foco central neste primeiro momento é sua trajetória e as experiências daí decorrentes. Através da analise de seu percurso, procura-se estabelecer nesta pesquisa uma reflexão sobre as práticas contemporâneas do espetáculo que marcam uma ruptura com o modelo dramático tradicional ao propor novos paradigmas na construção da escritura cênica. / This dissertation is part of the research that aims to investigate the discourse of materiality scenic of the Italian group Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio. The central focus in this first time is its history and experiences resulting. Through analysis of its trajectory, it aims to establish this research a study of the contemporary practice of the show that marks a dramatic break with the traditional model to propose new paradigms in the construction of the writing stage.

A presente dissertação é parte da pesquisa que se propõe investigar o discurso da materialidade cênica do grupo italiano Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio. O foco central neste primeiro momento é sua trajetória e as experiências daí decorrentes. Através da analise de seu percurso, procura-se estabelecer nesta pesquisa uma reflexão sobre as práticas contemporâneas do espetáculo que marcam uma ruptura com o modelo dramático tradicional ao propor novos paradigmas na construção da escritura cênica. / This dissertation is part of the research that aims to investigate the discourse of materiality scenic of the Italian group Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio. The central focus in this first time is its history and experiences resulting. Through analysis of its trajectory, it aims to establish this research a study of the contemporary practice of the show that marks a dramatic break with the traditional model to propose new paradigms in the construction of the writing stage.

in English The aim of the study is to show Bataille's esthetic thoughts, dispersed in several Bataille's works, as a consistent theory of art. Through his fascination for cruel and evil, Bataille turns his interest to the matter and in revue called Documents he describes the appeal of low forms due to their proximity to formlessness. Beyond this frontier there is a sphere of "not-knowing", where the logical reason can not impenetrate. This sphere of excess is not only out of logical concept, but also out of our life, i. e. before our birth and after our death. In an organized society this sphere is forbidden. The tabu that guards it protects us from the destructive forces of chaos which could appear through the death rage, violent sexual passions, cruelty and evil. Human desire to see what is in this sphere comes from his nostalgia for a naturalness which had been lost when we changed from animals into human beings. The animal does not obey any rule and in ancient societies it used to represent the divinity. The lost intimity of present instant, as explained in Lascaux or Literature et le Mal, is mediated to us through religious transgression of law (sacrifice) or as fiction in art (transgression in modus "a like") or through destruction of academic forms. Such moments are always accompanied by...

This thesis is based on a detailed analysis of various topics related to the question of whether video games can be art. In the first place it analyzes the current academic discussion on this subject and confronts different opinions of both supporters and objectors of the idea, that video games can be a full-fledged art form. The second point of this paper is to analyze the properties, that are inherent to video games, in order to find the reason, why cultural elite considers video games as inferior in relation to traditional forms of art. In addition to features of games like entertainment, competitivness and unproductivity, this part examines the circumstances that have an impact on current game design, like mass popularity and game developers pandering to wide audiance. Due to these circumstances, the majority of video games can be considered kitsch. Following passage through the application of theory of kitsch on specific video game shows and identifies tendencies in game design that cause this condition. Conclusion of the second chapter, however, shows that some video games exhibit characteristics that are generally regarded as positive elements of art works and by that they avoid being branded as kitsch. The last part of this thesis, based on cluster theory of art, identifies and analyzes...

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Investigação de um panorama acerca da história da arte na cidade de Uberlândia, sob a égide da formação e consolidação de seu mercado. Para tanto foram levantados em outras pesquisas fatos históricos a respeito dos primeiros artistas da cidade que articularam seus trabalhos no mercado local. A partir do mapeamento dos espaços de arte que não existem mais e alguns que ainda permanecem no circuito, tivemos a percepção de uma dinâmica cultural em transformação nas galerias comerciais de arte, concomitantemente ao desenvolvimento do curso de artes plásticas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e outros grupos independentes como a AICA - Artes Integradas CAMARU. As parcerias entre artistas e marchands foram crescentes a partir dos anos 1960 e foi notável a importância do casal Lourdes e Celso Queiroz no processo de comercialização da arte na cidade. Destacamos a Galeria Elizabeth Nasser como ponto- chave na profissionalização do mercado em Uberlândia nos anos 1990 principalmente pela divulgação das suas exposições atreladas à produção e impressão de catálogos com textos críticos. O tratamento dos dados acumulados foi feito a partir de um recorte temporal nas décadas de 1980 e 90, porém não desconsideramos o período anterior dos precursores do mercado na cidade dos anos 1950 a 70 Este trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos, no primeiro intitulado “Aproximações no tempo e no espaço do campo artístico em Uberlândia” tratamos dos aspectos sociais da estruturação do circuito de arte e abordamos a metodologia utilizada para a pesquisa de campo. No segundo capítulo intitulado “Articulações das instâncias legitimadoras da arte no circuito fora do eixo” buscamos revelar as estratégias de legitimação dos artistas frente às novas instituições e formatos do meio cultural local. / Investigation of a panorama about the history of art in the city of Uberlândia, under the aegis of the formation and consolidation of its market. To this end, historical research on the first artists of the city that articulated their work in the local market was made in other researches. From the mapping of spaces of art that no longer exist and some that still remain in the circuit, we had the perception of a cultural dynamic in transformation in the commercial art galleries, concomitantly to the development of the plastic arts course of the Federal University of Uberlândia and others Independent groups such as AICA - CAMARU Integrated Arts. The partnerships between artists and dealers were growing since the 1960s and it was remarkable the importance of the couple Lourdes and Celso Queiroz in the process of marketing the art in the city. We emphasize the Elizabeth Nasser Gallery as a key point in the professionalization of the market in Uberlândia in the 1990s mainly for the dissemination of its exhibitions linked to the production and printing of catalogs with critical texts. The treatment of the accumulated data was made from a temporal cut in the 1980s and 1990s, but we did not disregard the previous period of market precursors in the city from the 1950s to the 70s. This work was divided into two chapters, the first entitled "Approximations In the time and space of the artistic field in Uberlândia "we deal with the social aspects of the structuring of the art circuit and we approach the methodology used for field research. In the second chapter entitled "Joints of the legitimating instances of art in the off-axis circuit" we seek to reveal the strategies of legitimating artists in front of the new institutions and formats of the local cultural milieu. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

This study investigates effects on the ephemeral artwork and its ephemeral quality when documented and archived. To define the ephemeral artform a definition presented by Mary O’Neill in her thesis Ephemeral Art: Mourning and Loss (2007) is used, and two ephemeral artworks are studied: Zoe Leonard’s Strange Fruit (for David) (1992-1997) and Felix Gonzalez-Torres' ”Untitled” (Portrait of Ross in L.A.) (1991). Results from these case studies are compared to each other and to Peggy Phelan’s critical stance on the possibilities of documenting time-based and performative artforms in Unmarked: The Politics of Performance (1993). Results show that the ephemeral artwork becomes ephemeral through slow degradation and the experience this degradation generates in the observer; processes in time that cannot be documented. However, documentation can affect the observer’s experience of ”here and now,” which may alter the artwork’s communicative abilities and its effectiveness in creating a sense of presence within the passing of time. / I denna studie studeras påverkan på det efemära konstverket och dess efemära egenskap när det dokumenteras och arkiveras. För att definiera den efemära konstformen används en definition som presenteras av Mary O’Neill i avhandlingen Ephemeral Art: Mourning and Loss (2007), och två efemära konstverk studeras: Zoe Leonards Strange Fruit (for David) (1992–1997) och Felix Gonzalez-Torres ”Untitled” (Portrait of Ross in L.A.) (1991). Resultat från verkanalyser av dessa verk jämförs mot varandra samt mot Peggy Phelans uppfattning att performance-baserad konst inte kan dokumenteras i Unmarked: The Politics of Performance (1993). Resultat visar att det efemära konstverket blir efemärt genom sin långsamma nedbrytning och genom betraktarens upplevelse av denna nedbrytning – temporala processer som inte kan dokumenteras med exakthet. Dokumentering kan dock innebära att betraktarens upplevelse av ”här och nu” påverkas och således verkets förmåga att kommunicera effektivt om passerande tid och frambringa närvaro i nuet.

寫作這篇論文的動機，是為了探討哲學家George Dickie的藝術制度理論(Dickie’s institutional theory of art)。在第一章中，回顧哲學家Arthur Danto與Morris Weitz的反本質主義(anti-essentialism)，及其如何影響Dickie藝術制度理論的發展，以及研究制度理論的重要性；第二章中，說明Dickie的藝術制度理論內容，並以實際的作品為例子講述藝術制度理論的應用；第三章至第四章中，整理反對藝術制度理論的數個哲學家(Jeffery Wieand, Robert Stecker, Stephen Davis, Richard Wollheim, Noël Carroll)的重要論點，並為Dickie的藝術制度理論辯護。最後第五章為結論，提出「藝術眼鏡」此一觀點用以修正藝術制度理論。 / The purpose of this paper is to investigate George Dickie’s institutional theory of art. I will first discuss Arthur Danto and Morris Weitz’s anti-essentialism, which is the groundwork for Dickie’s institutional theory of art. I will then discuss Dickie’s institutional theory of art, which has been developed as two versions. Both versions have been widely criticized. Stephen Davis argues that art created outside any institution seems possible, although Dickie’s institutional theory of art rules it out. Noël Carroll argues that Dickie’s definition of art is circular, and his institutional theory of art fails to distinguish art institutions from other social institutions. Jeffery Wieand argues that Dickie’s perceptually indistinguishable objects argument fails to show that his institutional theory of art is tenable. In this paper, I will argue that Dickie’s theory can be modified as “the glass theory of art.” If this is true, then these criticisms fail to undermine Dickie’s theory, and Dickie’s theory is still powerful.

Traditionally, differential-equation models for population dynamics have considered organisms as "fixed" entities in terms of their behaviour and characteristics. However, there have been many observations of adaptivity in organisms, both at the level of behaviour and as an evolutionary change of traits, in response to the environmental conditions. Taking such adaptiveness into account alters the qualitative dynamics of traditional models and is an important factor to be included, for example, when developing reliable model predictions under changing environmental conditions. In this thesis, we consider piecewise-smooth and smooth dynamical systems to represent adaptive change in a 1 predator-2 prey system. First, we derive a novel piecewise-smooth dynamical system for a predator switching between its preferred and alternative prey type in response to prey abundance. We consider a linear ecological trade-off and discover a novel bifurcation as we change the slope of the trade-off. Second, we reformulate the piecewise-smooth system as two novel 1 predator-2 prey smooth dynamical systems. As opposed to the piecewise-smooth system that includes a discontinuity in the vector fields and assumes that a predator switches its feeding strategy instantaneously, we relax this assumption in these systems and consider continuous change in a predator trait. We use plankton as our reference organism because they serve as an important model system. We compare the model simulations with data from Lake Constance on the German-Swiss-Austrian border and suggest possible mechanistic explanations for cycles in plankton concentrations in spring.

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A première vue, les ouvrages du peintre d'histoire, littérateur, musicien et théoricien de l'art Michel-François Dandré­-Bardon (Aix-en-Provence 1700 - Paris 1783) peuvent passer pour un savoir de compilation. Leur diversité déclinée sous forme de poèmes, traités de peinture et de sculpture, descriptions chronologiques d'œuvres, répertoires, éloges d'artistes et essais synthétiques, laisse croire qu'il couva tout au long de son existence une ambition littéraire démesurée. Pourtant, sa démarche dément une telle intention. En tant que co-fondateur puis directeur perpétuel de l'École de dessin de Marseille dès 1752, professeur pour l'histoire, la fable et la géographie des élèves de l'École royale protégée de 1755 à 1775, Dandré-Bardon élabora un corpus littéraire en douze volumes visant à établir la première théorie opératoire moderne. La démarche pédagogique engagée par l'artiste nous apparaît de ce point de vue fondamentale : elle s'articule étroitement avec une production graphique qui devient le fer de lance d'une démonstration globale. L'étude chronologique de la carrière artistique de Dandré-Bardon incluant désormais son œuvre littéraire, permet de réviser l'interprétation et la réception de plusieurs de ses chefs-d’œuvre. En choisissant d'axer notre démonstration sur la réception du projet éditorial de l'artiste, nous observons comment ses conceptions pédagogiques ont évoluées au fur et à mesure de leur mise en pratique. La démarche mentale de Dandré-Bardon articule étroitement la pratique de l'exécution artistique avec la production des écrits rédigés entre 1737 et 1778. Ils donnent ainsi les moyens d'apprécier la diversité et la subtilité sémantique des œuvres de ses contemporains en indiquant le cheminement de l'esprit qui anime la matière. / The work of Dandré-Bardon, an academic painter, writer, musician and art theorist (born Aix-en-Provence 1700 - died Paris 1783), could appear to be a synthesis comprised of mere compilation. The diversity of his creative and intellectual expression included poems, treatises on painting and sculpture, chronological and descriptive catalogues of artworks, artist biographies and hagiographies as well as analytical essays, the totality of which might give the impression of oversized literary ambitions. However, Dandré-Bardon's practical method contradicts such an unfortunate misunderstanding of his endeavors. As co-founder of the École de dessin de Marseille, Dandré-Bardon was appointed Director for life of the same establishment in 1752. From 1755 to 1775, he was also a professor of History, Fables and Geography for students at the École royale protégée, where he wrote a twelve volume literary compendium aimed at establishing the first modern theory for artistic pedagogy. With this in mind, the pedagogical method developed and unde1iaken by the artist was thus fundamentally important during the period : in conjunction with Dandré-Bardon 's artistic production, it became the spearhead for a broader movement. Henceforth, the chronological study of the artistic career of Dandré-Bardon must include his literary work, which will allow a re-evaluation of the historical reception of his masterpieces, as well as the meaning behind their iconography. By choosing to focus on the artist's texts, we can observe how his pedagogical concepts evolved in alignment with their practical application. The intellectual approach of Dandré-Bardon highlights the alignment between his a1iistic development and his literary output during the period from 173 7 to 1778. They provide the means of appreciating the diverse and refined semantics that marked the works of his contemporaries while showing the thought processes behind how the mind brings matter to life in the creation of art.