Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the construction of cultural identity in Mamma Medea by Tom Lanoye (2001) and it’s translation by Antjie Krog (2002) by employing various theories as well as exhausting binary oppositions, and analysing the way it relates to the difference in language use between the conflicting individuals and groups in the drama. Mamma Medea is based predominantly on two versions of the Greek myth of Medea and her shocking tale of infanticide in order to wound her deceitful spouse, Jason. It follows the long tradition in literature and art wherein Medea is used to comment on the subjugation and oppression of women and non-dominant groups, as well as on the formation of the Other. Lanoye uses the details of the Ancient account, but broadens the spectrum to include commentary on contemporary themes in order to seek an alternative motivation for her premeditated infanticide. The drama does not stay within the details of the intertexts, however, and is altered so that both Medea and Jason each kill one of their children. A context-relevant approach is followed to examine how Lanoye’s drama challenges modern myths surrounding cultural identity in the Flemish-Dutch context. The latter interpretation is warranted by linking Flemish en Dutch with the groups in the drama, in accordance with the real language tension between the two language regions. In contrast to this Krog makes use of much more dialectal forms of Afrikaans reflecting the multicultural and multilingual South-African context. Her translation is not studied from a purely translational, theoretical perspective, considering that the focus of the study is on differences in cultural identity and on the differences in context wherein the respective drama and translation is produced. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die konstruksie van kulturele identiteit in Mamma Medea van Tom Lanoye (2001) en in die vertaling daarvan deur Antjie Krog (2002) aan die hand van verskeie teorieë, asook met behulp van binêre opposisies, en analiseer die wyse waarop dit onder meer saamhang met die verskille in taalgebruik tussen konflikterende individue en groepe in die drama. Mamma Medea ontgin veral twee weergawes van Griekse mites oor Medea, wat haar twee seuns op skokkende wyse vermoor om haar verraderlike eggenoot, Jason, leed aan te doen, in aansluiting by ’n lang tradisie in die literatuur en kunste waarin dié figuur veral gebruik is om kommentaar te lewer op die uitbuiting en onderdrukking van vroue en nie-dominante groepe, asook die formasie van die die Ander in verhoudinge. Lanoye verruim in sy drama die onderwerp van die konvensionele huweliksdrama en betrek hedendaagse kwessies ten einde ’n geldige eietydse motivering te verskaf vir Medea se optrede. Hy wyk onder meer doelbewus af van die brontekste deurdat hy Medea en Jason elk ’n seun laat vermoor. ’n Gemeenskapsrelevante benadering word gevolg om na te gaan hoe Lanoye se drama in die proses moderne mites rondom kulturele identiteit uitdaag binne ’n Vlaamse-Nederlandse konteks. Laasgenoemde interpretasie word ondersteun deur onderskeidelik Vlaams en Nederlands te verbind met die hoofgroepe in die drama, in ooreenstemming met reële taalspanninge tussen die twee taalgebiede. Hierteenoor maak Krog van veel meer dialektiese taalvorme gebruik in aansluiting by die multikulturele Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Haar vertaling word nie soseer vanuit ʼn vertaalwetenskaplike perspektief nagevors nie, aangesien die hooffokus val op sowel die verskille in kulturele identiteit as op verskille rakende die konteks waarin onderskeidelik die drama en die vertaling geproduseer is.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The implementation of a multilingual language policy for Higher Education in South Africa (2002) requires the teaching and learning of different languages as a second or additional language – also the teaching of Afrikaans for specific purposes to students as adult learners. The teaching of Afrikaans for specific purposes to students as adult learners has not received much attention in the South African context, especially research on the learning and teaching of Afrikaans for specific purposes in a university context. This research on Afrikaans as a second language has as framework the theory of Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching. The research focuses on issues relating to complexity in task-based challenges which await students in a multilingual university context and the way in which a task-based teaching syllabus contributes to these needs and challenges. The main focus of this study is to explore the possibilities of a multiperspective approach to the analysis of complexity in the design of a task-based syllabus for university students. The aim of such a multiperspective approach is to research the full spectrum of approaches which is available to research task complexity. The adequacy of the different approaches lies in the architecture of the compositionality and combination of the individual researchers’ frameworks, which each on its’ own has elements of incompleteness regarding the development of students’ interlanguage. There can be argued that the multiperspective approach to complexity in task-based syllabus design is beneficial to task design for an Afrikaans task-based syllabus at university level because each approach promotes the development of an interlanguage. The central purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and properties of communication tasks employed in generic social and academic communication in Afrikaans on a university campus in South Africa within the framework of task-based language learning and teaching, as well as syllabus design. This study analyses the communication tasks in accordance with the needs of second language learners of Afrikaans in the context of campus communication. For the purpose of the research, a needs analysis was conducted through the use of a questionnaire and interviews with university students. This needs analysis shows that students whose first language is not Afrikaans, have the need to acquire communicative skills in Afrikaans to communicate effectively with fellow students and lecturers at the university. As a result of the needs analysis ten student-student-dialogues and ten student-lecturer-dialogues were constructed to simulate campus communication. The study researches the various cognitive and linguistic taskelements.The purpose of this research is to to examine the cognitive and structural properties in a task design which address the communication needs of students and lecturers for learning generic Afrikaans for communicating on campus. A framework for the analysis of complexity in the development of a task-based syllabus for a teaching and learning program for the teaching and learning of Afrikaans as a second language in the multilingual university context of a South African university campus will be proposed. The study examines the different components of tasks and the components of designing a syllabus, and how they influence the teaching and learning of the second language. This study analyses various complexity properties of the twenty Afrikaans dialogues in order to determine criteria for syllabus designers on how tasks can be graded and sequenced within a task-based language learning and teaching syllabus for second language learners of Afrikaans. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van ’n meertalige taalbeleid vir Hoër Onderwys in Suid-Afrika (2002) vereis die leer en onderrig van verskillende tale as ’n tweede of addisionele taal – ook wat die onderrig van Afrikaans vir spesifieke doeleindes aan studente as volwasse leerders betref. Hierdie onderrig van Afrikaans vir spesifieke doeleindes aan volwassenes het nog nie veel aandag binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks ontvang nie, veral wat betref navorsing oor die leer en onderrig van Afrikaans vir spesifieke doeleindes binne ’n universiteitskonteks. Die navorsing wat vir hierdie proefskrif onderneem is, val binne die teorie van taakgebaseerde leer en onderrig. Dit fokus op die aspekte wat verband hou met taakgebaseerde kompleksiteitsuitdagings wat vir studente binne ’n meertalige universiteitskonteks voorlê en die wyse waarop ’n taakgebaseerde leer- en onderrigprogram voldoen aan hierdie behoeftes en uitdagings. Die sentrale fokus van hierdie proefskrif behels ’n ondersoek na die moontlikheid van ’n multiperspektiefbenadering tot die analise van kompleksiteit by die ontwerp van ’n Afrikaanse taakgebaseerde sillabus op universiteitsvlak. Die doel van so ’n multiperspektiefbenadering is om die volle spektrum van oorwegings wat ter sprake is in taakkompleksiteit te ondersoek. Die toereikendheid van dié spesifieke benadering lê in die argitektuur van die samehang en kombinasie van die verskillende navorsers se raamwerke wat elk op sigself tekens van onvolledigheid toon ten opsigte van die optimale ontwikkeling van die studente se intertaal. Daar word betoog dat dat hierdie multiperspektiefbenadering tot kompleksiteit in taakgebaseerde sillabusontwerp voordelig is ten opsigte van sillabusontwerp vir Afrikaans op universiteitsvlak aangesien intertaalontwikkeling optimaal binne elk van die benaderings verantwoord kan word. Die sentrale fokuspunt van die proefskrif is om ondersoek in te stel na die aard en eienskappe van kommunikasietake wat gevind word in generies sosiale en akademiese kommunikasietake in Afrikaans by ’n universiteitskampus in Suid-Afrika. Dit vind plaas binne die konteks van hedendaagse tweedetaalteorieë oor taakgebaseerde taalleer en -onderrig, sowel as sillabusontwerp. Hierdie studie analiseer die kommunikasietake aan die hand van die behoeftes van tweedetaalstudente van Afrikaans binne die konteks van kampuskommunikasie. Dié behoeftes is bepaal na aanleiding van behoefte-analises wat onder universiteitstudente onderneem is. Die behoefte-analises toon dat studente wie se eerste taal nie Afrikaans is nie, die behoefte het om Afrikaans te verwerf ten einde suksesvol te kan kommunikeer met medestudente en dosente. Na aanleiding van die behoefte-analises is tien student-student-dialoë en tien student-dosent-dialoë gekonstrueer wat verteenwoordigende kampuskommunikasie simuleer. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die verskeie kenmerke van take wat verband hou met kognitiewe en linguistiese kompleksiteit in ’n taakgebaseerde ontwerp te ondersoek. Die doel hiervan is om onder meer ’n raamwerk vir die analisering van kompleksiteit in ’n taakgebaseerde sillabus vir leer en onderrig van generiese Afrikaans vir kampuskommunikasie voor te stel. Saam met die ondersoek na kognitiewe en linguistiese kompleksiteit, ondersoek die proefskrif die kenmerke van sillabusontwerp om te bepaal hoe dit die leer en onderrig van Afrikaans as ’n tweede taal beïnvloed. Die insigte wat sodoende oor die kompleksiteit van die take verkry word, skep verskeie moontlikhede vir die ontwikkeling van take binne die konteks van ’n universiteitskampus met betrekking tot die leer van Afrikaans as ’n tweede taal. Voorts verskaf die studie ook ontledings met betrekking tot die kompleksiteitskenmerke van die twintig dialoë in Afrikaans sodat kriteria vir sillabusontwerpers geskep kan word waarvolgens hulle take binne die taakgebaseerde leer en onderrig kan gradeer en orden om ’n sillabus vir tweedetaalstudente van Afrikaans te ontwerp.

Thesis (MPhil (Afruikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This descriptive case study is based on the translation of the first part of Alexander McCall Smith’s book, The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency, into Afrikaans. Examples of the type of translational problems that this translator experienced, as well as the strategies that were implemented to solve these problems, are discussed in an accompanying annotation. In this way the translator has attempted to explain her thought and decision-making processes during the translation process. Various concepts from translation studies theory, including foreignization and domestication, are discussed with reference to the practical translation, and support the solutions suggested for translational problems. This translator mainly used a foreignizing approach, although some degree of domestication was inevitable at times in order to avoid the alienation of target readers from the target text. The required characteristics of the target text and the knowledge and cultural background of the target readers are therefore also discussed, as both these factors played a defining role during the translation process. The need for Afrikaans literature between the so-called “high literature” and light romantic fiction is discussed, as this contributed to the choice of source text: according to this translator the translation of The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency into Afrikaans will be able to help fill this gap. Although this translator understands that financial restrictions play a large role in publishers’ reluctance to publish translations, the statement is made that they should not accept without further ado that an Afrikaans translation will result in a financial loss if no research has been done into the possibilities of that specific translation. Recommendations regarding market research are made and the possibility of future study is indicated.

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between eroticism, violence and death as it occurs in Jeanne Goosen's short story collection, ' n Gelyke kans. The research is based upon the hypothesis that these stories express in a particular manner the transgressive role of eroticism in breaking through social conventions and barriers. As a possible framework for discussion reference is made in the first place to George Bataille's theories on the subversive nature of eroticism, Julia Kristeva's semiotic and pre-Oedipal theories, and Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of the carnivalesque. Subsequently a reading strategy was designed by means of an in-depth analysis of ten stories from the collection in accordance with general formalistic principles. The conclusion is reached that Goosen with non-judgmental sympathy exposes man's inborn, continuous search for the illusion of perfect happiness. This state of bliss is sometimes achieved by the violent "incorporation" of the beloved/desired “other", and the final outcome is a concomitant and inevitable decline into an unwholesome, destructive, and fatal erotic power play.

Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The principal aim of this research is to study the translation of dialects within the framework of the translation theoretical framework and to determine the challenges and the fundamentals of successful translation. This is especially important, since the focus will be on the translation of dialects of three related standard languages: Afrikaans and English: Kaapse Afrikaans and German: Schwäbisch and Berlinisch. The prerequisites for the process of rendering these dialects accessible, is not to be underestimated, as they include a sound and reliable knowledge of the standard languages of the particular dialects, especially in the case German, as well as a at least two of the vast variety of dialects. It is furthermore necessary to undertake a short but thorough study of the origin of the standard language German to determine which influences it had been exposed to. The relation and interaction between the author, translator and the reader are of the utmost importance. The translator is subjected to demanding challenges; these challenges should not be under-estimated. During the translation process the translator takes on the role of an interpreter and mediator of the source text. It is imperative that the translator should be aware of the theoretical aspects of translating as well as dialectology. These aspects are discussed extensively. The two dialects, Mundarten, which had been selected as examples are Schwäbisch and Berlinisch (from the federal states Baden-Württemberg and Brandenburg). Various aspects were discussed such as the linguistic, traditional characteristics of the dialects, their natural speakers as well as their love for and dedication to their own language. The translation of these aspects opens up a cultural world that would otherwise remain unknown and inaccessible. Numerous practical examples have been used, amongst which, a children’s story in rhyme. Translations were done from German as a source language to Afrikaans and Cape Afrikaans as target languages, also from Schwäbisch and Berlinisch as source languages to Afrikaans and Cape Afrikaans as target languages. Some examples were done from Cape Afrikaans as a source language to English, German and Afrikaans as target languages. Some cultural content and emotional value might be lost during the translation process, especially when it is done across cultural barriers. It remains possible, however, that the translator will be able to convey and communicate the message of the author in an accurate, convincing and sensitive way. A well-known juvenile story by a French author was used as an example to compare nine different German dialects. The German translation of the text has been used since the dialects under discussion are German dialects and the original French text would have served no purpose. The text is still translated and published in German dialects, although not all could be consulted. (Full details are in the BRONNELYS.) Sections of the text are given in the particular dialect, then in German and in Afrikaans (personal manuscript). This was done to indicate the differences and similarities of words, expressions and idiomatic similarities with standard Afrikaans. Because of the volume of this chapter, it was decided to include it as an Appendix. Additional information is given in the APPENDICES regarding the large variety of German dialects, the Germanic origin of English, whether Yiddish is a German dialect (as is alleged by a publisher) and a light-hearted look at the skylarking with traditional customs of dialect speakers.

Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / In this descriptive study, recent translations into English of two highly-regarded Afrikaans novels are investigated. The purpose of this is to describe these translations in a comparative manner, in order to arrive at conclusions about the differing modi operandi of diverse literary translators. The texts studied are Agaat by Marlene van Niekerk (2004) and Hierdie lewe by Karel Schoeman (1993), titled Agaat (2006) and This Life (2005) in English, and translated by Michiel Heyns and Elsa Silke, respectively. The two translators differ in that one is a creative writer in own right, though not being a formally-trained translation scholar, and translated with input from the source text author. The other is not a creative writer, translated without input from the author and has a formal translation-theoretical qualification. In this study, the target texts produced by these two translators are compared with their respective source texts, in order to determine whether there are differences or similarities in their modi operandi. A theoretical framework is compiled using relevant translation theories in order to systematise the comparison of the source texts and their translations. The novels are then compared to their translations in turn, on various levels, in order to describe the modus operandi of each translator. This results in certain conclusions being drawn about the different ways in which diverse translators work. These conclusions are linked to norms apparent in the decisions the translators make, or the lack thereof, as well as the role of the translation skopos. A number of topics for further research are also mentioned.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate Afrikaner identity in the Afrikaans blogosphere on the basis of the Afrikaner nasionalist identity that was forged during the twentieth century. The environment within which blogs function and its characteristics are discussed, after which the circumstances that led to the development of Afrikaner identity as well as the current sociopolitical position of Afrikaners are traced. Through quantitative analysis, the Afrikaans blogosphere is compared to this identity to discover too what extent the identity is still remnant in Afrikaans bloggers. It is concluded that Afrikaner nationalism is virtually extinct in the Afrikaans blogosphere and that the plurality of identities hosted by it are fragmented and paradoxical. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om identiteitsvorming in die Afrikaanse blogosfeer te ondersoek aan die hand van die Afrikaner-nasionalistiese identiteitskonstruk van die twintigste eeu. Aandag word geskenk aan die milieu waarbinne blogs funksioneer en hul aard, waarna die omstandighede waaronder Afrikaneridentiteit ontstaan sowel as die huidige sosio-politiese posisie van Afrikaners nagespeur word. Aan die hand van kwantitatiewe ondersoekmetodes word Afrikaanse blogs dan met die voorafgenoemde identiteit vergelyk in 'n poging om agter te kom in watter mate dit nog by Afrikaanse bloggers teenwoordig is. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat Afrikaner-nasionalisme bykans afwesig is in die Afrikaanse blogosfeer en dat die pluraliteit van identiteite daarop gefragmenteerd en paradoksaal daar uitsien.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two separate texts are submitted towards the degree MA in Kreatiewe Afrikaanse Skryfkunde. Firstly, a thesis with the title ‘’n Kritiese ondersoek na die Afrikanerbees as ideologiese kulturele fenomeen binne die konteks van Afrikanernasionalisme’, and secondly a novel titled Die nalatenis. The novel and the thesis are thematically related. The focus of the thesis is the ideological character of the Afrikaner cattle as a cultural phenomenon within the context of Afrikaner nationalism. The novel tells the story of a certain family’s fate and their special connection to the breeding of Afrikaner cattle in the Free State. Firstly I need to make it clear that the theme of this thesis was not lightly chosen, but that I do have a personal interest in the material. My uncle and aunt were well-know Afrikaner cattle breeders, each from families who have been renowned for their association with the stud breeding of these cattle for many generations. Since my aunt was an enthusiastic collector of family history, I have since childhood been familiar with the stories about certain family personalities and their love for their cattle. In my version of the stories, and my research on the subject, I wanted to explore the connection between this cattle breed and the Afrikaner culture. I aim to demythologize the histories to a certain extent and give a critical commentary on certain constructions of these histories. To examine these issues, J.B Thompson’s (1990) critical theory of ideology will be used as main theoretical tool. Thompson identifies certain ideological practices and strategies of symbolic construction through which relations of domination are established and sustained in the social world. These concepts will be used to examine the ideological character of the Afrikaner cattle breed as symbolic form and the strategies that were used to establish it as such. Through an analysis of a number of texts I will identify the different meanings and values that were associated with the Afrikaner cattle within the context of Afrikaner nationalism. I will aim to establish if and how these values served to sustain the relations of domination associated with Afrikaner nationalism. The novel tells the story of Ragel, ’n young photographer, who is her late uncle and aunt’s only heir. She inherits the farm and needs to decide what to do with it. She is also the last keeper of a family secret. She and her boyfriend are relocating to London and he has proposed to her. The news of her uncle’s death also triggers the pain of previous losses – especially her own mother traumatic death. Where she sits locked in her darkroom in this liminal state, the larger family saga is played out: the story of the patriarg Rooi Jakob, who blessed the wrong child; of Anna who had to flee during the war with her children and cattle; of Magriet who rejected her younger son and the resulting rivalry between the two brothers, Louis and Jakob; and of course the small love story of Beth and Louis, whose fateful relationship brought everything to a bitter end. The novel is based on the theory that a family photo album can also be a self-portrait in which one can (re)discover oneself. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Twee afsonderlike werkstukke word hier ingehandig ter verkryging van die graad MA in Kreatiewe Afrikaanse Skryfkunde. Eerstens, ’n tesis met die titel: “’n Kritiese ondersoek na die Afrikanerbees as ideologiese kulturele fenomeen binne die konteks van Afrikanernasionalisme”. Tweedens ’n roman getiteld Die nalatenis. Die roman en tesis hou tematies met mekaar verband. Die fokus van die navorsing is die ideologiese aard van die Afrikanerbees as gekontekstualiseerde fenomeen gedurende, en ná, die opkoms van Afrikanernasionalisme. Die roman handel oor ’n sekere familie se lot en spesiale verbintenis met die teel van Afrikanerbeeste in die Vrystaat. Ek wil dit graag aan die begin van die betoog stel dat die tematiek van die tesis nie lukraak gekies is as studie-onderwerp nie, maar dat ek ’n persoonlike belang het in die stof waarmee ek hier omgaan. My oom en tannie was bekende Afrikanerbeestelers, elk uit families wat vir geslagte reeds geassosieer is met die stoet teling van dié beesras. Aangesien my tannie ’n entoesiastiese versamelaar van die familiegeskiedenis was, is ek van kleins af bekend met vertellings oor sekere familiepersoonlikhede en hul liefde vir hul beeste. In my weergawe van die verhale, en navorsing oor die onderwerp, wou ek die besondere verhouding tussen dié beesras en die Afrikanerkultuur ondersoek. In hierdie tesis poog ek om die geskiedenis tot ’n mate te ontmitologiseer en kritiese kommentaar te lewer op sekere konstruksies daarvan. Vir dié ondersoek sal J.B Thompson (1990) se kritiese teorie oor ideologie as belangrikste teoretiese gereedskap gebruik word. Thompson identifiseer sekere ideologiese praktyke en strategieë van simboliese konstruksie waardeur magsverhoudinge in stand gehou word in die sosiale wêreld. Aan die hand hiervan sal daar ondersoek ingestel word na die ideologiese aard van die Afrikanerbees as simboliese vorm en die strategieë wat gebruik is om dit te vestig. Deur die analise van enkele tekste sal daar gekyk word na die verskillende betekeniswaardes wat binne die konteks van Afrikanernasionalisme aan die Afrikanerbees toegeken is. Daar sal vasgestel word of en hoe hierdie betekenisse kon dien om die magsverhoudinge wat Afrikanernasionalisme gekenmerk het, te konstrueer en te ondersteun. Die roman vertel die verhaal van Ragel, ’n effens labiele jong fotograaf, wat die enigste erfgenaam is van haar pas oorlede oom en tante. Sy erf die plaas en beeskuddes, en moet besluit wat sy daarmee sal doen. Sy is ook die laaste bewaarder van ’n familiegeheim. Sy en haar kêrel staan op die punt om na Londen te verhuis en hy het haar gevra om te trou. Die nuus van haar oom se dood, die laaste van haar familie, roep vir Ragel alle vorige verliese op – veral ook die traumatiese dood van haar ma. Waar Ragel toegesluit in haar donkerkamer in hierdie liminale toestand verkeer, speel ook die groter familieverhaal homself af: die verhaal van familievader Rooi Jakob wat die verkeerde kind geseën het; van Anna wat in die oorlog moes vlug met haar kinders en beeste; van Magriet wat haar jonger seun verwerp het en die gevolglike wedywering tussen die twee broers, Louis en Jakob; en dan natuurlik ook die klein liefdesgeskiedenis van Beth en Louis, ’n lotsverbintenis wat alles tot ’n bitter einde gevoer het. Die verhaal is gevorm op die teorie dat ’n familie-fotoalbum ook ’n soort selfportret kan wees waarin ’n mens jouself kan (her)ontdek.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Harry Potter series is currently one of the most popular book series for children in the world. The original British books have been translated into more than three hundred languages - one of them being Afrikaans, for which the Afrikaans translator received two translation prizes. Yet closer investigation reveals that these translations are not written in idiomatic Afrikaans, mostly due to the phenomenon of 'interference'. This phenomenon entails an excessive influence of the linguistic structures of the source text on that of the target text. The influence of the English source text on the Afrikaans translator by means of interference was of such an extent that the texts have been written in unnatural language, called 'translationese'. In this study the influence of interference on the quality of the Afrikaans translations of Harry Potter is examined. The focus is on books 4 and 5 in the series, namely Harry Potter en die Beker vol Vuur and Harry Potter en die Orde van die Feniks. The basic premises of the functionalistic approach to translation are used to emphasise the importance of the translation skopos, the function that the translation has to fulfil in the target culture, a detailed translation brief as well as the translator's loyalty towards the various role players in the translation process. Descriptive translation studies is used to prove the apparent absence of knowledge of translation norms as well as translation decisions and strategies that had to be considered carefully during the production of the Afrikaans translations. The researcher hereby attempts to emphasise the importance of careful consideration and planning of translation strategies. Cognisance of the functionalistic and descriptive premises would have lead to a more natural translation that communicates optimally with the target readers in the target culture. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Harry Potter-reeks is tans een van die mees gesogte kinderreeksboeke ter wêreld. Die oorspronklike Britse boeke is in meer as driehonderd tale vertaal - onder andere ook in Afrikaans, waarvoor die Afrikaanse vertaler reeds twee vertaalpryse ontvang het. Tog toon nadere ondersoek dat hierdie vertalings inderwaarheid nie in idiomatiese Afrikaans vertaal is nie, hoofsaaklik weens die verskynsel 'interferensie'. Hierdie verskynsel behels 'n oormatige invloed van die linguistiese strukture van die brontaal op die doeltaal. Die Engelse bronteks het sodanige invloed op die Afrikaanse vertaler gehad, dat die teks weens interferensie in onnatuurlike taal geskryf is, oftewel in 'translationese'. In hierdie studie word die invloed van interferensie op die kwaliteit van die Afrikaanse Harry Potter-vertalings, spesifiek boeke 4 en 5 in die reeks, naamlik Harry Potter en die Beker vol Vuur en Harry Potter en die Orde van die Feniks, ondersoek. Die basiese uitgangspunte van die funksionalistiese benadering tot vertaling word gebruik om die noodsaaklikheid van 'n vooropstelling van die vertaalskopos, die funksie wat die vertaling in die doelkultuur moet speel, die belangrikheid van 'n gedetailleerde vertaalopdrag asook lojaliteit van die vertaler aan die onderskeie rolspelers in die vertaalproses uit te lig. Deskriptiewe vertaalstudie word gebruik om die klaarblyklike afwesigheid van 'n kennis van vertaalnorme, asook van weldeurdagte besluite en vertaalstrategieë tydens die produksie van die Afrikaanse vertalings te bewys. Die navorser poog om hierdeur op die noodsaaklikheid van weldeurdagte en beplande vertaalstrategieë klem te lê. Kennis van die funksionalistiese en deskriptiewe uitgangspunte sou kon lei tot 'n natuurliker vertaling wat optimaal met die doellesers in die doelkultuur kommunikeer.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study has been a long journey to pursue the art and craft involved in a translation process. The indisputably differing natures of the languages at stake have been prominent in the translator's psychological frame throughout the process. The acknowledgement of the differing natures of languages often means knowing exactly what has to be transferred and in which manner it has to be transferred without compromising the demands of any of the languages at stake. The latter also speaks to the preservation of the message of the ST in the TL in the process of transition. The translation of Molope's Dancing in the Dust has given good ground for the exploration of the processes involved in a literary translation. Although the status of Molope's novel in the publishing market appears to be relatively new, there are some good grounds to declare it as fairly translatable. It has been noted in the study that there has been a desire to consult her existing literatures with an intention to evaluate her dominant style of writing, or any of her translated works so that it becomes easier to determine the translatability of this novel. However, this only proved to be an unsuccessful business in the sense that this novel is the first of her works, ever. Nevertheless, it has been stated simultaneously in this study that the expressiveness of Mol ope's novel, especially in rooting out the main events of the 197 6 Soweto Uprisings, ultimately convinced the translator that this art is worthy to be translated. The acknowledgement (by some legends) ofMolope's potential to probe into the main events of the struggle during that era has been another area the translator could rely on. This attempt has been done albeit Molope's sometimes poignant style of writing (much of this has been said in the study), which sought to pose some problematic areas. As has been declared in the hypothesis section, translatability is possible if the process of translation commences on a ST analysis, whereby problematic areas (or areas of interest thereof) are identified with an intention to select a suitable translation strategy. Suffice then to say that an attempt to answer the translatability question of this novel has been made in the chapter of annotation. Assembling a chapter of annotation is itself an attempt to demonstrate the translator's creativity in manoeuvring the ST material in order to produce what she assumes will suit the target readers. The discussion of well-established translation literatures in Chapter 2 serves to give background to the random choice of particular translation strategies at particular points in time. Therefore, the literature which forms Chapter 2 of this study serves to substantiate both what appears in the chapter of annotation and the entire product thereof. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie was 'n lang ontdekkingstog na die kuns en vernuf betrokke by die vertaalproses. Die uiteenlopende aard van die tale ter sprake was deurentyd 'n belangrike oorweging vir die vertaler. Die erkenning dat die betrokke tale onteenseglik van mekaar verskil, gaan gewoonlik gepaard met die besef van presies wat op watter wyse oorgedra moet word ten einde aan albei tale reg te laat geskied. Dit behels dus dat die boodskap van die bronteks (BT) in die oordragproses na die teikentaal (TT) behoue bly. Die vertaling van Kagiso Lesego Molope se boek Dancing in the Dust (2004) het as 'n goeie vertrekpunt vir die ontdekking van die letterkundige vertaalproses gedien. Hoewel Molope se roman in die uitgewersmark as betreklik nuut beskou word, kan dit om 'n paar goeie redes as redelik vertaalbaar bestempel word. In die studie het dit duidelik geword dat 'n letterkundige vertaling hetsy vereis dat auteurs se bestaande letterkundige werke geraadpleeg word ten einde hulle oorheersende skryfstyl te bepaal 6f dat enige van hulle reeds vertaalde werke bestudeer word om deur middel van vergelyking die vertaalbaarheid van die tersaaklike werk vas te stel. Aangesien hierdie roman egter Molope se heel eerste werk is, was sodanige vergelykende navorsing nie moontlik nie. Die studie toon nietemin ook aan dat die beeldende aard van Molope se roman, veral met betrekking tot die hoofgebeure van die Soweto-opstand van 1973, die vertaler uiteindelik oortuig het dat die werk 'n vertaling waardig is. Die bevestiging (deur 'n paar legendariese figure) van die potensiaal wat Molope in hierdie ondersoek na die hoofgebeure van die vryheidstryd in daardie era openbaar, was n6g 'n faktor waarop die vertaler kon steun. Die vertaling is dus aangepak ofskoon Molope se uiters aangrypende skryfstyl (waaroor daar heelwat in die studie uitgewei word) 'n paar probleme opgelewer het. Soos in die hipotese genoem, is vertaling slegs moontlik indien die vertaalproses met 'n BT-ontleding afskop waarin (moontlike) probleemareas uitgewys word ten einde 'n toepaslike vertaalstrategie te kies. Dit is dus voldoende om te se dat die annotasiehoofstuk poog om die vraag oor die vertaalbaarheid van hierdie roman te beantwoord. Die saamstel van die annotasiehoofstuk is op sigself 'n paging om te toon hoe die vertaler skeppend met die BT -materiaal omgaan ten einde 'n gepaste teks vir die teikenlesers te skep. Die bespreking van gesaghebbende, betroubare vertaalliteratuur in hoofstuk 2 dien as agtergrond vir die ewekansige keuse van bepaalde vertaalstrategiee op bepaalde tydstippe. Daarom dien die literatuur in hoofstuk 2 as stawing van die inhoud van die annotasiehoofstuk sowel as die eindproduk van die studie.