This report presents several different techniques for diverting RTP streams when using a handheld mobile device. This device is running a version of Minisip as the SIP user agent. An introduction to the SIP protocol is given to provide some background to the reader prior to focusing upon the main goal: redirecting RTP streams. A set of requirements are defined and an RTP media transfer mode is chosen based upon these requirements. The requirements are derived from a study of a Linux cellular phone’s mobile device features and capabilities. Minisip was ported to this platform and a series of tests conducted to evaluate the design decisions made. These tests show that the best method of redirecting RTP media streams is third party call control (3PCC). / Den här rapporten presenterar flera olika teknikerna för att dra RTP strömar när man använder en mobil anordning. Den här anordningen löper en version av Minisip som den SIP användare agent. En introduktion till SIP protokoll är gjord för att ge läsaren någon bakgrund på focusen ovanför det huvudsakliga målet : omdirigerande de RTP strömarna. En set av bestämd behov är definierad och en RTP media transfer sätt är vald på grund av de här behoven. Behoven är härrörda från en studie över en Linux mobiltelefon. Minisip var installerad till den här plattformen och en serie av test dirigerad för att utvärdera de gjorda designsbesluten. De här testen visar den bästa metoden för att omdirigera RTP media strömar är den tredje part kalla kontrollen (3PCC).

Under slutet av 1900-talet började producerande företag fokusera på sina kärntjänster och valde därför att lägga ut de aktiviteter som kunde genomföras billigare av någon annan på en tredje part. Då antalet aktörer inom branschen för tredjepartslogistik sedan tilltagit har konkurrensen på marknaden skapat ett behov för ökad förståelse vad gäller relationer och samarbete som en del i innovation- och utvecklingsarbetet. Syftet med denna studie har därför varit att ur fyra olika TPL-aktörers perspektiv undersöka hur relationer och samarbeten påverkar innovation- och utvecklingsmöjligheter inom TPL-verksamheten. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte består den teoretiska referensramen av vetenskapliga artiklar som behandlar det studerade ämnet. Artiklarna som använts är hämtade från flera olika databaser och de specifika sökningarna innefattar sökord som: TPL, LSP, 3PL, relationship, customer adaption, innovation, network theory samt strategic development. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med representanter från de studerade företagen. Med hjälp av den teoretiska referensramen samt det empiriska materialet har företagen sedan kategoriserats utefter roller och interaktionsgrad. Företagens nuvarande relationer har studerats för att sedan undersöka hur de kan utvecklas för att öka innovations- och utvecklingsmöjligheterna, genom nära interaktion med kunderna. Utifrån studiens resultat kan det konstateras att TPL-aktörernas roller varierar beroende på hur de agerar på marknaden. De studerade företagen kan även agera som dirigent på marknaden oavsett vilken roll företagen besitter. Vidare konstaterar studien även att avtalslängden hindrar företagen att skapa ömsesidiga och varaktiga relationer. För att skapa dessa viktiga relationer fastställs det att företagen inom TPL-verksamheten bör agera som en aktör vars relationer stämmer in på kategorierna integrated service agreements och in- house logistics solutions. Företagen kan därefter, med hjälp av tre tillvägagångssätt, arbeta med sina relationer för att utveckla sin egen innovationsförmåga. Studien konstaterar slutligen att företagens innovationsförmåga hindras av den stora prisfokuseringen som finns inom TPL- verksamheten. / In the late 1900s, producing companies began to focus on their core services and therefore chose to outsource the activities that could be carried out cheaper by someone else to a third party. As the number of companies in the third-party logistics industry has increased, the competition in the market has created a need for increased understanding of relationships and collaboration as part of the innovation and development work. The purpose of this study has therefore been to examine, from the perspective of four different TPL companies, how relationships and collaboration affect innovation and developmental opportunities within the TPL business. To answer the purpose of the study, the theoretical frame of reference consists of scientific articles based on the studied subject. The articles used was taken from several different databases and the specific searches include keywords such as: TPL, LSP, 3PL, relationship, customer adaptation, innovation, network theory and strategic development. The empirical material has been collected through qualitative interviews with representatives from the studied companies. With the help of the theoretical frame of reference and the empirical material, the companies have since been categorized according to roles and degree of interaction. The company’s current relationships have been studied to explore how they can be developed to increase innovation and development opportunities, through close interaction with customers. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the roles of the TPL companies vary depending on how they act in the market. The studied companies can also act as orchestrators in the market regardless of the role of the companies. Furthermore, the study also finds that the contract length prevents companies from creating reciprocal and lasting relationships. To create these important relationships, it is stipulated that companies within the TPL business should act as an actor whose relationships fall into the categories of integrated service agreements and in-house logistics solutions. The companies can then, with the help of three approaches, work with their relationships to develop their own innovation capacity. Finally, the study finds that companies’ innovational ability is hindered by the large price focus that exists within the TPL business.

Ett sätt att samla information på är genom third – party cookies. Denna studie vill diskutera hur personlig information samlas in genom third – party cookies och dess påverkan på användares personliga integritet. Denna studie vill svara på hur personlig information som samlas in genom third – party cookies kan diskuteras ur ett användarperspektiv. Studien vill även framföra svar på hur medvetna studenter på Malmö universitet är angående third – party cookies och vad deras åsikt är om third – party cookies. Metoden som har valts är en litteraturstudie som kommer att fungera som en grund för en enkätundersökning.Denna studies slutsats är att third – party cookies kan bryta mot den personliga integriteten hos en användare på nätet. Third – party cookies är reglerad av lagar men det finns fortfarande sätt som företag kan profilera och spåra användare, därför bryter den mot den personliga integriteten. Även efter introduktionen av GDPR finns det fortfarande hemsidor som inte fullt ut följer lagarna. Denna studie har även som slutsats att studenter på Malmö unviersitet inte är särskilt medvetna om third – party cookies. Dem känner även att personlig integritet väldigt viktigt. Därför håller dem inte med den datainsamling som sker genom third – party cookies. / One way to gather information is the use of third-party cookies. This study wants to discuss personal data collected through third-party cookies and its impact on the users personal integrity. This study wants to answer how personal data collected through third-party cookies can be discussed from a user perspective. The study also wants to provide answers to how aware students at Malmo University are about third-party cookies and what their opinion is on third - party cookies. The method of choice is a literature study that will work as a foundation for a survey. This study has concluded that third-party cookies can breach personal integrity when the user is on the internet. Third-party cookies are regulated by laws but there still are several ways that companies can profile and track the users, thereby breaching personal integrity. Even after the introduction of GDPR there are still some websites that does not fully comply with the rules. The study also concluded that the participants, students at Malmo University, are not widely aware of what third-party cookies are. They also think that personal integrity is of utter importance. Thereby they do not agree with personal data being collected through third-party cookies.

Local public agencies turn to public-private partnerships (PPPs) to allow greater participation by private firms in delivering public services. In the last 25 years, private organizations had been reluctant to form PPPs with local government agencies because of the complex procurement processes and the bureaucratic business environment. Guided by the decision theory and complex adaptive systems theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to identify what information leaders within third-party administrators (TPAs) need regarding the contracting process in the formation of PPPs. The data collection process consisted of face-to-face interviews with 4 executive leaders of 3 Wisconsin state licensed TPAs and examination of contracts and plan service agreements (PSAs) between TPAs and local government agencies. Dada was analyzed using the Yin 5-step data analysis method and cross-case analysis. The results indicated that TPA leaders must understand collaborative leadership, key players, roles and responsibilities, and specialized services in the formation of a PPP; change and transfer of controlling interest, and understanding the strengths and weakness of contract provisions are complex business systems that influence the decision to form a PPP; ERISA and compliance with applicable federal and state laws are critical contract stipulations to consider in the formation of PPPs; that market assessment, health care reform, and transparency between private and public partners are critical in the formation of PPPs. The implications for social change include new insights for PPP leaders that may enhance the effectiveness of social services and save taxpayers' money.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the consumer perspective and intentions toward the prospect of a future without third-party cookies.Design/Methodology/Approach: This thesis utilized a combination of exploratory and confirmatory research design. A mixed-method approach was used for the data collection. The qualitative stage included focus groups. This was followed by a quantitative stage, conducted by means of an online survey.Findings: The finding from the focus groups indicated that Internet users have a negative opinion of the prospect of a world without third-party cookies, with positive expectations like improved user experience. Furthermore, results from both the survey and focus groups reveal a glaring lack of information when it comes to the subject of the gradual elimination of third-party cookies. The survey findings show the existence of a connection between user intention and distrust as well as user intention and privacy concerns.Theoretical Implications: Novel contributions have been made in several fields of business administration, specifically, the domains of digital marketing, consumer behavior, and consumer psychology. Contributions have also been provided by blending the theories from the above domains. Furthermore, this study established the addition of the Technology Acceptance Model, and Communication Privacy Management Theory to research the cookieless future, offering new useful insights on the underresearched topic of the cookieless future.Practical/Societal Implications: In the absence of cookies, organizations must improve their communication with online users. Furthermore, organizations and institutions are both responsible for educating everyday online users on topics such as online policies, data collection procedures, and data protection regulations. Moreover, organizations will have to focus on improving the online user experience in the absence of third-party cookies.Limitations/Future Research: Having a larger sample size would have allowed for better generalizability. Furthermore, participants were mostly Millennials (i.e., born between 1981 and 1996) and Gen Z (i.e., born between 1997 and 2012) in the case of both the qualitative and quantitative parts of the study. An even wider distribution in age within the sample could have resulted in a different statistical analysis. Additionally, the survey and the focus groups were conducted exclusively in English, limiting the study to English speakers. Future research could investigate the users’ perceptions and behavior after Google has fully removed third-party cookies. Future research can also take an in-depth look into how the removal of cookies will affect personalized advertisements. Moreover, further studies could also investigate bigger populations. Different populations could be investigated as well: different generations, or different countries. Lastly, a longitudinal study of this thesis after the completed removal of third-party cookies could be a fruitful research direction.Originality: This is the first study that examines consumer perceptions and intentions in the context of the cookieless future, to the authors' knowledge. It is also the first to academically examine the cookieless future using a mixed-method approach, to the authors' knowledge.

Modern software development relies heavily on third-party components, which are pre-built software modules developed by other organisations and can be either open-source or commercial. These components serve as building blocks for developers to create complex applications more efficiently. What many do not know or realise is that all these third-party components come with licenses that might restrict the software, and it can become a challenge for companies that develop software to manage all the licenses that come with the used third-party components.This thesis investigates three third-party component license management tools: OWASP Dependency-Check, Snyk, and Debricked. The research question was:“How well can the three chosen third-party component license management tools, OWASP Dependency-Check, Snyk and Debricked detect potentially unsafe licenses within software projects?” To answer this question, controlled experiments were conducted to compare the functionality of these tools in two different projects: one advanced project, and one simple project. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the lack of previous research, this provided a theoretical background for the study. The results of the controlled experiments proved that the three chosen tools can help developers in different ways as they satisfy different needs. For users looking to manage their dependencies, OWASP Dependency-Checkis a preferable option. Debricked has demonstrated its ability to detect potentially unsafe licenses in software projects and offers identification of license families. This feature can be valuable to developers as it simplifies the comprehension of the project’s licenses. Snyk, on the other hand, provided warnings about risks associated with licenses. While Debricked out-performed Snyk in license detection, Snyk still proved to be useful in identifying potentially unsafe licenses in software projects, specifically in this case. The findings of this thesis can benefit software developers, project managers, and organisations that rely on third-party components for their software development. The results of this study may be used to guide the selection and use of third-party components and the appropriate license management tools. Overall, this thesis adds to the body of knowledge on managing third-party component licenses and offers practical insights for methods of software development practices.

More and more people are living in, or moving to, urban areas than ever before. This attraction to urban areas means that new houses and work places are needed. Building new houses or renovating older housing stock is a natural way for a city to evolve. However, the end products of construction projects are produced at their place of consumption. This means that a multitude of materials and resources need to be delivered to, and removed from, each construction site. This leads to new transport flows being created in urban areas. In urban areas, these transports are subjected to space limitations, environmental demands, accessibility demands and noise restrictions. This has led to a situation where material deliveries to construction sites needs to be coordinated and managed in ways that reduce their impact on the urban transport system and at the same time ensuring efficient construction projects. In essence, construction in urban areas faces two problems; the urban transport problem and the problem of coordinating multiple construction stakeholders. One way to address these problems is through the use of construction logistics solutions such as terminals (e.g. construction logistics centres) and checkpoints. The aim of both types of solutions is to control and coordinate construction transports. In the construction industry, these solutions are however, still a rather new phenomenon. This means that how these solutions are perceived by different stakeholders, and the effect the solutions have on material flows and costs, needs to be explored further. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how construction logistics solutions can be used as a means to coordinate material flows to ensure efficient construction and reduce disturbances on the urban transport system. To achieve this purpose, the following research questions have been addressed: RQ1:   How are different stakeholders in the construction industry affected by construction logistics solutions? RQ2:   How will the use of construction logistics solutions affect material flows and costs in urban construction projects? To answer the research questions two main methodologies have been used; case study research for the empirical studies and literature reviews for the analysis of the case studies as well as for understanding how supply chain management, logistics, and third-party logistics affects the inter-organizational relationships of the construction industry. The main findings of the research are firstly that construction logistics solutions do have a role to play in the coordination of different construction stakeholders. Adding this new node will force construction stakeholders to address coordination issues in order to ensure that material deliveries arrive to construction sites on time. This also implies that new inter-organizational relationships will evolve, where communication is key. However, this may not be an easy task as it will call for an attitude adjustment towards a more open and collaborative environment. Secondly, adding a construction logistics solution can reduce some unnecessary friction between construction stakeholders and third parties. Coordinated material flows can lead to a reduction in the amount of material delivery vehicles that travels to site, thus alleviating some of the congestion in the urban transport system. This will not reduce all friction between construction projects and third parties, but it is a step in the right direction. Thirdly, a construction logistics solution must come with a set of regulations and a governance strategy from the initiator of the solution. This governance strategy must be clearly stated and communicated to the affected stakeholders. To alleviate animosity towards the solution, flexibility and stakeholder involvement is key. If the directly affected stakeholders are consulted on the function, chances are that they will be more accepting of the solution.

I dagens byggproduktion i Sverige tillkommer nya bostäder alltför långsamt samtidigt som fler äldre bostäder och bostadsområden är i behov av upprustning. Detta ställer generellt höga krav på byggbranschen och följden blir också förhöjda krav på bygglogistiken.Många av Sveriges län har ökat tempot på byggandet för att klara av de mål som ställs på byggbranschen, framförallt i Stockholms län. I ett tätbebyggt område som Stockholm, där det idag byggs i högt tempo blir logistiken försvårad. I denna geografiska komplexitet finns emellertid lösningar på bygglogistiken, det handlar om tredjepartslogistik.En entreprenör från tredje part appliceras i projektet och sköter delar av eller hela bygglogistiken. De koordinerar, planerar leveranser samt optimerar materialflödet till byggarbetsplatsen med en mängd olika tjänster. Från början av 2000-talet har modern logistik avancerat allt mer, med exempelvis tredjepartslogistik. Den moderna logistiken är numera en konkurrenskraftig strategi mellan olika företag i branschen.Sundbybergs kommun är en del av Stockholms län som växer snabbast, samtidigt som detta är ett av Stockholms mest tättbefolkade områden. Här finns nästan alla typer av byggnationer, med allt ifrån kontor, bostäder, kommunikationer, butiker och övrig service till torg och grönområde. Projektet Orgeln 7 vilket rapporten utgår ifrån ligger i Sundbybergs centrum.Med en ökad bebyggelse i en tätort som Sundbyberg kommer det att krävas en ökad kunskap för tredjepartslogistik. Detta för att över huvud taget klara av ett bygge på en komplex arbetsplats. Men med rätt förutsättningar på en byggarbetsplats kommer också tredjepartslogistik att effektivisera bygglogistiken. Med denna effektivisering kan både tid och ekonomi sparas, vilket bidrar till en lönsammare produktion i slutändan. Effektiviseringen bidrar inte bara till en eventuell förbättring av tid och ekonomi. Tredjepartslogistik bidrar också till eventuell förbättring av både arbetsmiljö och en förminskad risk för att material förstörs på byggarbetsplatsen.Syftet med denna rapport är att genom intervjuer, fältobservationer, litteraturstudier och tidtagningar fördjupa sig i hur tredjepartslogistik påverkar ekonomin för ett byggprojekt samt hur produktion påverkas tidsmässigt.En del av slutsatsen i rapporten påpekar att finns inte kunskap inom tredjepartslogistik blir den svår att applicera på en byggarbetsplats. Om tredjepartslogistik blir för avancerad för snabbt, samt om människor som ska jobba med detta saknar kunskapen, blir det obalans. Obalansen kan leda till att tredjepartslogistik riskerar att bli nedprioriterad. / The construction industry in Sweden today is producing new housing far too slow. At the same time older housing and housing areas are in need of renovating. In general this puts high requirements on the building industry and the requirements become elevated on the construction logistics.A lot of regions in Sweden have increased the building speeds in order to finish the goals set in the construction business, especially in the Stockholm region. In a urban area such as Stockholm where there is a high building pace, the logistics is obstructed. In this geographical complexity there are solutions to the building logistics, and the solution is third party logistics.A third party contractor is applied in the project and manages either parts or the whole of the logistics. They coordinates, plan deliveries and optimize the material-flow to the construction site with a number of different services. From the beginning of the year 2000 modern logistics has become more advanced with third party logistics. This modern logistic is nowadays a competitive strategy between different companies in the construction business.Sundbyberg county is one of the densest populated and fastest growing parts of the Stockholm region. In this area almost all type of constructions exists ranging from offices, housing, public transportations, stores, and general services for the community. Project Orgeln 7, where the project originates from, is located in central Sundbyberg.With higher construction in a densed populated area such as Sundbyberg a higher knowledge of third party logistics is required. This is necessary in order to manage construction in a complex working environment. With the right conditions on the construction site third party logistics will make the building logistics more efficient. This will finally lead to both time and money saved which will contribute to a more profitable production. Third party logistics also contributes to a possible improvement of working environment and a decreased chance of material going to waste at the construction site.The purpose with this report is that through interviews, field observations, literary studies and time studies on site, students get a deeper understanding of how third-party logistics affects the economy of a construction project and how production is affected temporally.Part of the conclusion in this report points out that if the knowledge of third party logistics within a construction site is lacking, this will be difficult to apply. If third party logistics gets to advance to fast, and if people who will be working with this, lacks the knowledge there will be imbalance. This imbalance could lead to third party logistics getting less prioritized.

The retail payment market can be seen as a high velocity market, where the rate of change is high. The future for the retail payment market is uncertain to a large extent. A relatively new phenomenon is the entrance of third party payment providers (hereafter; TPP) who are utilizing the incumbent banks account infrastructure in order access information or initiate payments. A legislation named PSD2 will increase the TPP’s possibilities to utilize the bank’s infrastructure. This makes it possible for TPP to offer new innovative solutions to the end customer. The incumbent actors on the retail payment market have not been successful in regards to innovation, which have given fintech companies room to grow, both in size and numbers. However, the incumbent actors do still possess a strong position, but are frequently challenged by new startups who also want to initiate payments. Historically, the entrance barrier to the retail payment market have been high and the incumbent actors have had an oligopoly position. It has resulted in a lack of competition and a low innovation rate. However, this is starting to change because of new initiatives from EU, where the aim is to increase competition and facilitate a well- functioning retail payment market. Therefore, the increased competition from fintech startups is a relatively new phenomenon and most actors in the retail payment market think it is a beneficial evolution, except few representatives from the incumbent players who are worried that their existing competitive advantages will be outdated. This study provides a picture of how the retail payment market can develop in the future. By determining the most critical trends, it becomes clear what is driving the retail payment market and how the dynamic between actors is changing. In order to get the necessary insights to fulfil the purpose, 18 interviews have been conducted with different stakeholders to the retail payment market. The variation of perspectives of the interviewees give this study a depth that in the end enhance the validity of the result. It is hard to predict the future in a market characterized by high velocity, hence, it is important to understand what trends have the strongest influence on the market. By analysing the interviews, six trends were identified as having a huge impact on the payment market. 1. Merchants are pushing EU to regulate to their favour 2. Access to the information created when conducting payments 3. Incumbent banks have a hard time adopting to new changes 4. New technical solutions enable more actors to create payment solutions with global coverage 5. Actors without payment as core business enter the market 6. New regulations, such as PSD2, aims to increase competition on the retail payment market. Two of these six trends have been identified to be particularly uncertain and having a huge impact on the development of the retail payment market. Furthermore, these two trends are characterised by a dichotomy and the development of them will influence the market in four distinctively different ways. The first dichotomy is whether it becomes easy to be compliant with new legislations, or not. The study shows that if it becomes a heavy burden being compliant with PSD2 and using the technical standard for XS2A, the market will be characterized by economies of scale. If it on the other hand becomes is easy being compliant with PSD2 and initiate payments through XS2A, the overhead costs will decrease and the benefits of scale shrink. The second dichotomy, is whether actors without payment as core business will enter the market, or not. If payments can be seamlessly integrated in other applications, for instance a shopping experience, it is likely that payments will be initiated by actors who does not have payment initiations as core business. However, if it becomes hard to initiate payments on the banks account infrastructure, the attractiveness of having payments as a value adding service fades.