This thesis studies the role of the third sector organisation [TSO] in highly skilled refugees' employment integration in Sweden. It attempts to contribute to the migration studies literature and nonprofit sector studies by focusing on the underresearched highly skilled refugees and several TSOs in Sweden, one of the major receiving countries in Europe during the refugee crisis. It discovers the challenges faced by the highly skilled refugees and the TSOs' solution to help them overcome the obstacles using Bourdieusian capital theory. In doing so, the TSOs are also shaping the integration concept of the nation, which is proven to be ambiguous. On the one hand, they preserve the construction of refugees as needing care and their difference from Sweden as weakness. On the other hand, they challenge the idea that integration is primarily refugees' responsibility and attempt to change employers' unwillingness to hire with the concept of diversity as a strength. Despite that, the TSOs do not significantly challenge the dominant integration concept in Sweden and the state. This thesis argues that it may be explained by the strong trust between the government and civil society stemmed from the nation's historical development as an egalitarian welfare state.

Information security awareness (ISA) focuses on the user’s responsibility and understanding of risk, to ensure that acceptable working practices are adopted under these broad principles, thereby reducing the likelihood of legal, financial and reputational risk related to the organization and individual. However, the third sector organization is behind in the security awareness maturity level. This research aims to understand and evaluate the level of information security awareness (ISA) knowledge in third sector organizations. The study was conducted with mixed-method design, combining the qualitative and quantitative approaches. A semi-structured interview method was used to gather data, transcribe it, and analyse it with a thematic framework analysis. The quantitative approach uses a questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the knowledge of information security awareness. The main findings present a lack of security awareness in the third sector and gaps in good security behaviour.

The diploma thesis deals with the theme of women's organizations lobbying family policy. The theoretical approaches used in the work discribe the subject of research and the tools for its exploration. These are manily theories of interest groups, theories of third sector-state interactions and theories of lobbying. Theories raised following research questions: Are women's organizations insiders or outsiders of family policy? Are their relations with state mainly cooperative or confrontational, do they join institucionalized or non-formal negotiations? Do they use radical or moderate forms of lobbying? Is their lobbying direct or indirect? The thesis explores also the costs of lobbying and their influence on the forms of lobbying chosen by women's organizations. It is also focused on evaluation of the succes of the women's organizations and on the potential and barriers of coalition and networks building. The diploma thesis comes with following results. The women's organizations are mainly insiders in the family policy negotiations. They join the institucionalized forms of advocacy, relations with the state are mainly cooperative. Nevertheless they recognize the potential of noninstitucionalized forms of lobbying both direct and indirect. There are also outsider organizations by neccessity but they are...

This unique and first-time research explores the parameters of effectiveness among HIV/AIDS and development NGO managers in India. The aim of this research has been investigate and explore how these managers perceive and view their own effectiveness at work. This research contextualises Analoui's Model (1999, 2002) of eight parameters of managerial effectiveness and three contextual factors, which explores and identifies the inter-relationship between the factors and causal influences which form the basis for their increased effectiveness. The methodology employed include qualitative semi-structured individual interviews with 16 NGOs managers and 2 focus-group interviews with 16 non-managerial staff. The results revealed a myriad of factors and influences concerning the NGO managers’ perception, managerial skills and competencies, organizations criteria for effectiveness, opportunities, demands and constraints involved, as well as the inter-organisational relationship and the dominant managerial philosophy of effectiveness. All the parameters of effectiveness and contextual factors of the Model (1999, 2002) apply and are suitable for this context, however, based on the main findings and in-depth discussions, the model has been adapted and modified in order to fit this unique and complex, highly diverse, holistic, multi-faceted and culturally specific context. The findings also indicate to numerous inter-linked factors both internally and externally of the NGOs and, include various training and development (T&D) needs for managers, with implications for the formation of adequate policies and implementation of relevant development programmes to improve and increase NGO managers effectiveness in India.

<p> This study determines the potential for expansion within Third Sector Employment Enterprises: the recycling operation in Hamilton-Wentworth. Although the company has been in existence since 1977, it has not yet reached the level of viability achieved by other firms established at that time . This study involves a comparison of Third Sector with Halton,s Recycled Resources: the recycling firm in the Region of Halton. The comparison attempts to determine what factors within Third Sector and Hamilton-Wentworth are retarding the growth of the company. A quantitative comparison was used to contrast the net revenues of the two companies, and descriptive data was used to explain and qualify the quantitative findings. The analysis reveals that despite the operational differences between the two companies, it is community participation that makes Halton's Recycled Resources more viable than Third Sector. The concluding remarks make some suggestions as to how community participation, and thus Third Sector's operation can be improved. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No / Interest in third sector organisations (TSOs) is growing as their role in addressing social regeneration, especially in urban environments, is regarded as crucial by governmental and supra-governmental organisations. The challenge is increased in multicultural environments, where those from ethnic minorities may struggle to participate in the mainstream economy and society more broadly. There is an assumption that TSOs make a positive contribution to the social good of the diverse communities and client groups that they serve. However, although there have been many studies of ethicality in commercial and public sector organisations, few focus on TSOs. Furthermore, black and minority ethnic (BME) TSOs, in particular face specific pressures, caught between the high expectations of their capacity to engage with diverse communities where the public sector has failed and, in common with all TSOs, the struggle to secure the resources necessary to manage their organisations and deliver front-line services. In this article, we investigate how implicitly ethicality is constructed in TSOs, including those with a primary mission to provide support for and services to BME communities. Building on information obtained for 305 TSOs in a post-industrial city we develop a structural equation model (SEM) in order to evaluate the relationships between elements that we argue comprise ethicality. We then assess the manner in which TSOs generally, and BME TSOs specifically, vary in the manner in which they communicate their ethical purpose and the outcomes of their actions.

This dissertation examines nonprofit, co-operative, and volunteer media enterprises operating outside Saskatchewan’s state and commercial media sectors. Drawing on historical research and contemporary case studies, I take the position that this third sector of media activity has played, and continues to play, a much-needed role in engaging marginalized voices in social discourse, encouraging participation in community-building and local governance, fostering local-global connectedness, and holding power to account when the rights and interests of citizens are jeopardized. The cases studied reveal a surprising level of resiliency among third sector media enterprises; however, the research also finds that the challenges facing third sector media practitioners have deepened considerably in recent decades, testing this resiliency. A rapid withdrawal of media development support from the public sphere has left Saskatchewan’s third sector media at a crossroads. The degree of the problem is largely unknown outside media practitioner circles, even among civil society allies. I argue this relates to the lack of recognition of nonprofit, co-operative, and volunteer media as a distinct third sector, thus obscuring the global impact when hundreds of small undertakings shed staff and reduce operations in multiple locations across Canada. At the same time, there is increasing recognition that such media have the potential to fill a void left by commercial and state media organizations that have retreated from local communities. Accordingly, this dissertation makes the case for a coordinated media development strategy as a component of the social economy. The challenge is to build useful mechanisms of support among civil society allies that do not replicate oppressive donor-client relationships that are all too common in the arena of governmental and private sector support. While never simple, the opportunities and social benefits are considerable when citizens devise the means to participate in the creation of a robust, diverse media ecology.

Il est possible d’observer que dans les vingt dernières années une nouvelle catégorie d’organisations s’est renforcée dans les sociétés brésilienne et occidentale. Cette catégorie est née de la force unificatrice de la société civile. La société a perçu qu’en travaillant ensemble, de forme associative, avec la participation du volontaire, on renforce les moyens d’atteindre ses objectifs. Au Brésil, ces organisations sont appelées tiers secteur, étant donné qu’elles n’appartiennent ni au premier secteur (l’État), ni au second (le Marché), elles sont populairement nommées de ONG (organisation non gouvernamentale). Dans la société française, ces organisations sont appelées de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Cet modèle économique est née de l’association d’individus qui ont lutté pour une meilleure qualité de vie.La thèse présente une analyse comparative des caractéristiques des organisations du tiers secteur prenant en considération la réalité européenne, à partir de la France et celle de l’Amérique latine à partir du Brésil, focalisant la théorie, l’action professionnelle et le financement des agents responsables du fonctionnement de ces organisations. La thèse présente ainsi les similitudes et différences à travers d’une analyse comparative entre les organisations françaises et brésiliennes qui s’occupent de la question sociale. Cette analyse permet une réflexion à propôs du rôle du citoyen face aux pouvoirs publics et des réels capacités de transformation sociale engendrées par le tiers secteurs. / It is possible to observe that in the last twenty years a new class of organizations has increased in Brazil and Western societies. This category emerged from the unifying force of the civil society. The civil society has seen that by working together in associations, with voluntary participation, it reinforces the means to achieve its objectives. In Brazil, these organizations are called the third sector, since they do not belong to the first sector (the State) or the second sector (the market); they are named NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations). In France, these organizations are known as the social economy. This economic model was born from the association of individuals who fought for a better quality of life. This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the characteristics of third sector organizations, taking into consideration the European reality from France and the Latin America reality from Brazil, focusing theory, professional action and funding agents responsible for the operation of these organizations. This thesis presents the similarities and differences through a comparative analysis between the Brazilian and French organizations involved in social issues. This analysis provides a reflection on the role of the citizen and the government discussing the real possibilities of the social transformations engendered by the third sector.

Changes are afoot in the nonprofit sector of the economy (James, 2003). Nonprofit leaders are adopting entrepreneurial business models to sustain or expand the scope of their mission work. This change is part of a counter-hegemonic shift toward a new economic paradigm in which blended business models create both social and financial value (Sabeti, 2009; Sahakian & Dunand, 2013). The current study explored how nonprofit leaders understand the shift toward a more enterprising and entrepreneurial nonprofit sector. Qualitative methods, along with a grounded theory framework were used to elicit leaders' perspectives on the emergence of social enterprise in nonprofits and the characteristics of successful nonprofit social enterprise. Findings include five themes of social enterprise understanding that offer structure for further research and professional discourse on the subject, including: 1) Social enterprise as a necessary and inevitable evolution of the nonprofit organization; 2) Social enterprise as a means of achieving a social mission; 3) Social enterprise as a true blending of business and social impact models; 4) Social enterprise as a business principle applied to a social mission context; and 5) Social enterprise as a market-driven approach to financial and social value creation. A secondary analysis points to the emergence of a social enterprise synergy effect in which the social and financial value generated by nonprofit social enterprises yield a third effect that is greater than the sum of the individual parts. The implications of these findings are limited to nonprofit social enterprises, but contribute to our understanding of this nascent field.

Third sector organisations (TSOs) have been operating in a turbulent environment of social, political and economic changes, presenting challenges to their continued activities. The volunteer workforce, as a key component of TSOs’ human resource, has long been considered crucial for the sector. Despite this acknowledgement, existing research suggests that TSOs have not effectively managed and supported their volunteer workforce in order to sustain development. There are claims for TSOs to place volunteer management (VM) onto a strategic level, and it is considered crucial for TSO managers, CEOs and volunteer coordinators (VCs) to achieve sustainable organisational development through the strategic planning and implementation of VM practices. However, existing research has focussed more on articulating volunteer motives; and little attention has been paid to considering the ways in which individual perspectives influence effective VM. This study addressed the gap by exploring key players’ (CEO, VC and volunteer) perceptions of the policies, practices and processes used to attract, engage and retain volunteers in small to medium Scottish TSOs. It aimed to provide insights into the importance of strategic VM in sustaining TSO performance and in understanding the crucial role of VCs, through unfolding the processes of making and fulfilling individual volunteer psychological contracts (VPCs). Three case studies were carried out within three Scottish TSOs; in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with participants occupying different roles, CEO (n=3), VC (n=5) and volunteers (n=16). Supplementary data were obtained through documentary study of VM policies and practices. Data collection was guided by a conceptual framework developed by embedding the Resource Based View (RBV) of HRM and HR devolution to the Line into the process of making and fulfilling the psychological contract. Results support the claim that TSOs would benefit from more strategic management of their volunteer workforce as a competitive resource. Examining VM through the lens of the VPC provided empirical evidence to confirm that it is crucial to engage and retain volunteers by shaping their expectations and motives within the TSO, and thus ensure more sustainable TSO performance. The results further support the salient role of VC as volunteer line manager, in attracting, engaging and retaining volunteers through effective VM implementation. In arriving at these results, this research has extended the theoretical debate on the importance of strategic HR management and the key role that line managers can play in achieving this beyond the more dominant private sector focus.