The production of biogas via anaerobic digestion is an effective technology for converting organic waste into renewable fuel. Using the Technological Innovation System (TIS) theory for assessing emerging technologies a comparison between the British and Swedish biogas sectors is carried out. There are seven components to a TIS allowing the sector to be broken down, a potential scheme for the connection of the functions is illustrated. The Swedish biogas sector is at a more advanced stage of development due to long-term governmental support both financially and through stringent environmental laws. Overall the Swedish government has been an effective system builder allowing the Swedish biogas sector to expand. The British biogas sector is conversely less advanced due to lack of this long-term support, although the scene is beginning to change as the government positions itself as a more effective system builder. Several lessons can be learnt from the Swedish biogas sector; longterm financial support for renewable energy is required and stringent organic waste disposal laws both encourage the development of biogas.

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2018-01-18T21:48:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 541875.pdf: 4255763 bytes, checksum: a22edc985359ae7ee17955cf71b2fdca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T21:48:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 541875.pdf: 4255763 bytes, checksum: a22edc985359ae7ee17955cf71b2fdca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-04-11 / CAPES / A ordem Cassiduloida inclui todos os ouriços irregulares que apresentam petalóides, filódios e borrainas ( ou flósculo) (KIER, 1962). Eles possuem, ainda, espinhos curtos e um periprocto disposto posteriormente (MOOI, 1990a). Esta ordem chegou a ser representada por aproximadamente 800 espécies em 67 gêneros. Durante o Eoceno (50 milhões de anos atrás), 60% de todas as espécies de equinóides pertenciam a ordem Cassiduloida (KIER, 1962). Cassidulus mitis Krau é uma espécie endêmica do Rio de Janeiro. Para verificar seu ciclo reprodutivo foram feitas coletas mensais na Praia Vermelha de outubro de 1998 a abril de 2000. A razão sexual encontrada foi de 1:1 (x2= 1.48; a0.05=3.84; DF= l). A reprodução é contínua e não há sincronia entre os indivíduos. O índice gonadal dos machos foi superior ao das fêmeas (x2=18.33, a0.05=3.84). Os machos possuem cinco estágios de desenvolvimento gametogênico: Crescimento, Pré-maduro, Maduro, de Liberação e Estágio de liberação e crescimento concomitante. Os machos não apresentam os estágios de Recuperação e vazio que as fêmeas possuem. Já as fêmeas possuem seis estágios: Recuperação, Crescimento, Pré-maduro, Maduro, de Liberação e Vazio. Todavia, não apresentam o estágio de liberação e crescimento concomitante que ocorre nos machos. O diâmetro médio dos ovócitos foi de 382 μm (DP=49 μm). O número médio de juvenis por fêmea foi de 99.8 indivíduos (DP= l08.25; SE= 16.32). As gônadas anteriores são comumente menores que as posteriores e diferenças nos estágios gametogênicos foram encontradas entre elas. A primeira maturação ocorre em indivíduos a partir de 17mm de diâmetro. O peso úmido do intestino é aproximadamente duas ou três vezes maior que o peso úmido da carapaça. Isto significa que C. mitis utiliza seu intestino como um cinto de lastro para evitar seu deslocamento. / Cassidulus mitis Krau is an endemic species from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To verify its reproductive cycle, samples were taken from October 1998 to April 2000 at Vermelha Beach. Sex ratio of 1 (x2= 1.48; a0.05=3.84; DF= l) was found for C. mitis. Reproduction occurs overall the year. Gonadal index (GI) of males was greater than GI of females (x2= 18.33, a0.05=3.84). Reproduction is asynchronous. Males have five gametogenic stages: Early growth, Premature, Mature, Partially spawned and Early growth with partially spawned stage. There is no Spent or Recovery stage as in females. Females have six gametogenic stages: Recovery, Early growth, Premature, Mature, Partially spawned and Spent stage but there is no Early growth with partially spawned stage as in males. Mean diameter of oocytes was 382 μm ( DP=49 μm). Mean number of juveniles per female was 99.8 individuals (DP= 108.25; SE= l6.32). Anterior gonads are commonly smaller than posterior ones. Differences in gametogenic stages were found between anterior and posterior gonads. First sexual maturity occurs in individuals larger than 17 mm. Intestine wet weight is about two or three fold higher than test wet weight. It means that C. mitis uses its intestine as a weight belt to avoid displacement.

This thesis is a landscape ethnography examining conflicting epistemologies and land use values in the Athabasca region of subarctic Canada. Based on 18 months of fieldwork in Fort McMurray, Alberta with the Fort McMurray Métis community and peatland scientists, I analyse oil sands reclamation as a site of encounter between Indigenous and settler peoples. I show how reclamation, a process of reconstructing ecological integrity of a post-extractive landscape for future use, is a historically contingent activity that centres on settler colonial ideologies of productivity. I argue that this ideology spurred a process that I call 'making productive land' which seeks to 'improve' upon or transform the Athabasca region from Indigenous homeland into settler territory or 'useful' land. Weaving archival documents with experiential material from ethnographic fieldwork, I analyse the Athabasca region as a multilocal and multivocal place to demonstrate that Indigenous communities such as the McMurray Métis hold their own definitions of land use that exist alongside, beyond, against, and entangled with settler notions of productivity. I conclude that, for Métis community members, reclaimed areas in fact represent a diminished experience of place or an unproductive landscape. For reclamation to be successful for Métis community members, I contend that reclamation policy and practice must expand beyond purely scientific and resource-based utility narratives to involve a relational element of healing and Métis notions of use that transcend settler colonial ideals of 'productive' land.

'Tis Pity She's a Whore. An Elizabethan revenge tragedy by John Ford, was produced and directed by Kenneth Livingstone, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Master of Arts degree in the Department of Theatre of the University of British Columbia, at the Frederic Wood Studio Theatre, from March 8-11, 1967. The following is a detailed record of that production along with the director's analysis and interpretation of the script. 'Tis Pity She's a Whore was produced on a budget of $300.00, with a 90 hour rehearsal period and had a five performance run in a theatre seating approximately ninety people. The play was performed by a predominantly student cast in a setting designed by Harry Soloveoff and with original music composed by Leon Dubinsky which was played each night by a small group of musicians employing recorders, guitars, drums, bells and a virginal. This record is divided into three main sections. The first is an essay which starts by discussing the historical background of the play with reference to its position in the genre of Revenge Tragedy. This is followed by a brief biographical note on the author and then a detailed analysis of the play with reference to the significant critical interpretations available and concludes with a discussion of the directorial concept adopted for this production. The director's interpretation is compared to, and contrasted with, the various critical views already mentioned. The essay is followed by a short bibliography which is not intended as a complete academic record of works on Ford, but merely indicates those views which were taken into consideration in the preparation of this production. The second section is made up of the actual script; showing cuts, blocking, significant divisions and indicating light, music and scenery cues. Each scene is preceded by a brief analysis which indicates the major units within the scene and the directorial approach taken in terms of purpose, action, dominant emotions, character dominance, and particular difficulties Involved. The third section is made up of various tables, records, and illustrations relating directly to the production. Included are lists of light cues, music cues, set changes, properties, costumes, cost lists, and box office reports. Also included are transcripts of the music composed for the production, a sample of the program, and copies of the press reviews. The illustrations include colour photographs of the production, and finally, blueprints of the floor plan and working drawings. / Arts, Faculty of / Theatre and Film, Department of / Graduate

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur förskollärare arbetar med att skapa och upprätthålla sociala färdigheter och vänskap för barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Forskning visar att barn i behov av särskilt stöd ingår i färre vänskapsrelationer än andra barn. Studien har undersökt hur 28 förskollärare skattat barns lekfärdigheter utifrån observationsschemat Teacher Impression Scale - Swedish version (TIS-S). Sex förskollärare har intervjuats och beskrivit sin funktion i arbetet med att främja vänskapsrelationer mellan barn i behov av särskilt stöd och andra barn. De metoder som används var observationsschemat TIS-S, enkät samt intervjuer. Således har studien använt sig av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskningsansats. Det framkom att barn som väckte frågor hos förskollärarna sällan valdes som vänner samt behövde stöd i sitt sociala beteende. De arbetssätt som beskrevs var bland annat medveten indelning av barn i smågrupper samt ett statushöjande förhållningssätt där ett undvikande och ett tillförande arbetssätt trädde fram. En slutsats som drogs var att förskolorna i studien inte aktivt arbetade med konkreta interventioner för att främja vänskap. En annan slutsats blev att en samsyn kring begreppet barn i behov av särskilt stöd saknades. Avslutningsvis diskuteras de organisatoriska förutsättningar förskollärarna arbetade under som hinder för arbetet med vänskap för barn i behov av särskilt stöd. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how preschool teachers work to create and maintain social skills and friendship for children with special needs. Research shows that children with special needs are included in fewer friendship relations compared to other children. The study has examined how 28 preschool teachers estimated children's playing skills based on the observation sheet Teacher Impression Scale - Swedish version (TIS-S). Six preschool teachers have been interviewed and described their function in the work of promoting friendship relationships between children with special needs and other children. The methods used were the TIS-S observation sheet, survey and interviews. The study has used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. It was found that children, who the preschool teachers had concerns about, were rarely chosen as friends and needed support in their social behavior. The strategies described were, among other things, to divide the children into smaller groups, as well as an approach meant to increase the status of the children with special needs. In this approach two phenomenas were discovered, one which aimed to avoid and one which aimed to contribute. One conclusion was that the preschools in the study did not actively work with concrete interventions to promote friendship. An another conclusion was that a consensus on the concept children with special needs was lacking. In conclusion, the organizational conditions described by the preschoolers were discussed as obstacles that aggravated friendship interventions for children with special needs.

<p>The need for increased safety and efficiency in civil aviation is pushing the introduction of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B). The basic principle of ADS-B is that each aircraft is able to communicate its position and status over a radio data link to surrounding aircraft. In this way each aircraft obtains a detailed picture of the surrounding traffic. During a period of transition from today's radar surveillance to ADS-B many aircraft will not be equipped with the new data link technology and will therefore be invisible to the ADS-B equipped aircraft. The Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) has been conceived to be the solution to this problem. TIS-B is defined as a broadcast surveillance service in which data from the ordinary ground radar system is transmitted from a ground station to airborne systems, providing an air situation picture of the non-ADS-B stations. </p><p>The topics of this thesis are the definition and implementation of a TIS-B server. The presented solution is an evaluation TIS-B server that will receive data from a data-fusing tracker and provide one or several TIS-B ground stations with data filtered according to the settings of the server.</p>

The need for increased safety and efficiency in civil aviation is pushing the introduction of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B). The basic principle of ADS-B is that each aircraft is able to communicate its position and status over a radio data link to surrounding aircraft. In this way each aircraft obtains a detailed picture of the surrounding traffic. During a period of transition from today's radar surveillance to ADS-B many aircraft will not be equipped with the new data link technology and will therefore be invisible to the ADS-B equipped aircraft. The Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) has been conceived to be the solution to this problem. TIS-B is defined as a broadcast surveillance service in which data from the ordinary ground radar system is transmitted from a ground station to airborne systems, providing an air situation picture of the non-ADS-B stations. The topics of this thesis are the definition and implementation of a TIS-B server. The presented solution is an evaluation TIS-B server that will receive data from a data-fusing tracker and provide one or several TIS-B ground stations with data filtered according to the settings of the server.

The ongoing transformation of the energy system along a more sustainable trajectory requires advancements in a range of technological fields, as well as active involvement of different societal groups. Integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the built environment in particular is expected to play a crucial long-term role in the deployment of renewable energy technologies in urban areas, demanding the successful cooperation of planners, architects, engineers, scientists and users. The realisation of that technological change will require innovation at both an individual (within firms and organisations) and a collective (sector) level, giving rise to systemic approaches for its characterisation and analysis of its drivers. This study investigates the processes that either accelerate or hinder the development and diffusion of Building-Integrated PV (BIPV) applications into the market. Affected by developments in both the renewable energy and construction industries, the BIPV innovation system is a multi-sectoral case that has been explored only partially up to now. Acknowledging the fact that drivers of innovation span the globalised BIPV supply chain, this research adopts both an international and a national spatial perspective focusing on the UK. The analysis is based on a novel analytical framework which was developed in order to capture innovation dynamics at different levels, including technological advancements within firms, competition and synergy with other emerging and established innovation systems and pressures from the wider socio-economic configuration. This hybrid functional framework was conceived by combining elements from three academic strands: Technological Innovation Systems, the Multi-Level Perspective and Business Studies. The empirical research is based on various methods, including desktop research, semi-structured interviews and in-depth firm-level case studies. A thorough market assessment provides the techno-economic background for the research. The hybrid framework is used as a guide throughout the empirical investigation and is also implemented in the analytical part of the study to organise and interpret the findings, in order to assess the overall functionality of the innovation system. The analysis has underlined a range of processes that affect the development and diffusion of BIPV applications including inherent technological characteristics, societal factors and wider transitions within the energy and construction sectors. Future approaches for the assessment and governance of BIPV innovation will need to address its hybrid character and disruptiveness with regards to incumbent configurations, in order to appreciate its significance over the short and long term. Methodological and conceptual findings show that the combination of insights from different analytical perspectives offers a broader understanding of the processes affecting innovation dynamics in emerging technologies. Different approaches can be used in tandem to overcome methodological weaknesses, provide different analytical perspectives and assess the performance of complex innovation systems, which may span multiple countries and sectors. By better reflecting complexities, tensions and synergies, the framework developed here offers a promising way forward for the analysis of emerging sustainable technologies.

Sustainability transition has gained more interest in academic research. However, it has rarely been studied specifically from a firm-level perspective. Therefore, this study aims to understand and learn from the firm-level perspective to contribute to firm- and system-level understanding. The case study of insects as food and feed industry is interesting in a niche and challenging market or to understand the overcoming activities of those facing barriers, whether the overcoming of customer acceptance, uncertainty of the market, and the regulations of eating insects as just been approved by the European Commission in recent years. Moreover, the study of insects has been widely focused on entomology, such as species, and nutrition. It is beginning to be studied in the food sector in Western countries, recently. Therefore, this research will contribute an in-depth understanding of the firm-level in the edible insect industry, especially in the business section in Sweden. This research contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurs' sustainable business models in different time periods, which could be shaped by barriers and opportunities. The barriers found in this study are similar to previous studies of the insect industry in other countries, except for customer acceptance, which seems to be different in Sweden. The customer issue that stands out here is finding the niche group of customers and the niche product that suits these early adopter customers. I also found the importance of entrepreneurial activities in relation to the development of the technological innovation system (TIS). The actors or entrepreneurs are the catalysts for the development of the TIS in the uncertain industry, since every single movement of the entrepreneurs leads to the dynamics of the system, such as a lobbying activity to overcome the regulatory barrier.

Meat substitutes are an increasingly popular subject area for sustainability studies and industrial transition.  A transition to plant-based alternatives requires a substantial value chain with the ability to withstand transitional structure and market changes. While the value chain poses challenges at each level, considering the topmost level reveals unique market dynamics specific to the agriculture of legumes.  Western markets have shown a trend favoring plant-based protein as a sustainable source of nutrition however, research on raw material sourcing, processing, and its market structure is limited, often with low government intervention. The Indian agriculture sector comprises mainly legume farming, contributing to a significant portion of the country’s economy. This thesis aims to describe the actor interactions in the Indian agriculture sector with a focus on drivers and hindrances that promote and limit the growth of the legume agriculture technological innovation system.  Using qualitative research methods to gather data from candidates directly involved in the legume trade has proven insightful. Findings show that there are complex interaction scenarios between the actors involved. Restricted by the size of farming area, target markets, and market convention, farmers are subjected to a lock-in type scenario with respect to sales and purchasers. Although government intervention offers protection and assistance, it remains a safety net for the agriculture community. Authoritative influence is used to promote policy however, interactions between actors are not optimized to support this change effectively.  Inter-organizational and actor networks are weak apart from certain business relationships arising from contractual obligations. Knowledge development is present but formal procedures of knowledge diffusion are absent, leaving opportunities not being capitalized on. The study discusses the merits and demerits of this system using the Technology Innovation System framework functions for the analysis. Limitations of the theoretical framework is discussed as a modified version of the framework is utilized in this thesis, giving importance to interactions and localized application of TIS functions.