Den digitala utvecklingen pågår i samhället i stort. Revisionsbranschen är en bransch som är i förändring till följd av digitaliseringen. Digitaliseringen tar bland annat uttryck i form av olika digitala verktyg som kan användas i revisionsprocessen. Syftet med digitala verktyg är att förenkla revisionsprocessen och effektivisera. Studiens syfte är att göra en jämförelse mellan hur stora och små byråer använder sig av digitala verktyg i revisionsprocessen. I syfte att göra en jämförelse valdes en kvalitativ metod. Studiens empiri samlades in genom intervjuer av revisorer från stora och små byråer. I samband med studien framfördes tidigare forskning, definition av viktiga begrepp samt den institutionella teorin, TOE ramverket och diffusion of innovation som tillsammans utgjorde studiens teoretiska referensram. Den teoretiska referensramen har använts för att analysera studiens empiri. Empirin pekar på att stora och små byråer använder digitala verktyg på liknande sätt i revisionsprocessen. De digitala verktygen används på liknande sätt och ofta i samma delar av revisionsprocessen. Granskningen är den delen där samtliga revisorer i studien har mest nytta av digitala verktyg. Digitala verktyg effektiviserar revisorns arbete och på så sätt kan revisorn fokusera på mer komplexa delar av revisionen. Skillnaden ligger i vilka digitala verktyg som används där små byråer tenderar att köpa in externa digitala verktyg medan stora byråer utvecklar egna. Det är också tydligt att digitala verktyg utgör en viktig del i revisorns dagliga arbete. / Digitalization affects society in an extensive manner and the audit profession is no exception. Auditing is changing as a result of digitalization. The digitalization in audit expresses itself through different digital tools that can be used in the audit process. Digital tools aim to simplify and make the audit process more efficient. The purpose of the study was to compare how large and small audit firms use digital tools in the audit process. A qualitative method was chosen in order to research the area. The empirical findings of the study was developed by interviewing auditors from large and small audit firms. Previous literature along with definitions of key concepts and theories such as institutional theory, TOE framework and diffusion of innovation were described in conjunction with the study in order to create a theoretical framework. The theoretical framework was used to analyze the empirical findings of the study. The digital tools are being used in a similar way and often in the same parts of the audit process. According to the study, digital tools are most useful in the reviewing phase of the audit process. Digital tools increase the efficiency of the audit and it allows the auditor to complex parts of the audit. The difference is in which digital tools are being used where small firms tend to buy external digital tools while large firms develop their own digital tools. It is also clear that digital tools are an important part of the auditor’s daily work.

Background: Over the past years, organisations have been facing an increasedthreat from cyber criminality. This amplifies the necessity for organisations to implement highly secure systems to protect sensitive information.Purpose: Explore and identify factors that influence organisations’ willingness toadopt information security. The TOE framework is utilised to analyse and presentthe findings from the study, a commonly used and well-adapted framework appliedin multiple previous studies of technology adoption.Method: A qualitative research approach is used since it favours the exploratorynature of gaining a deeper understanding of why organisations adopt informationsecurity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain a more profound understanding from the executive/top managers, IT managers, and others affected bysecurity adoption in the organisation.Results: The resulting factors are presented in the three contexts from the TOEframework. Technological context: tenability, relative advantage, return on investment, cost, complexity, and compatibility. Organisational context: willingness toadopt, organisational readiness, knowledge and expertise, external support, communication process, organisational awareness, and top management support. Environmental context: competitiveness, external pressure, geopolitics and external events,fear of exposure, experience and laws and regulations.Conclusions: The findings from this study clearly show factors that strongly impactorganisations to adopt information security. Top managers have a great responsibility to ensure the investment in security systems is sufficient to stay competitive andtrustworthy. The IT managers are expected to handle security concerns that theorganisation may be confronted by. The limited resources of expertise create significant challenges for the organisation to implement sufficient solutions. Leading toa high demand for external expertise to handle the security problems faced in theorganisation, creating an insufficient understanding and awareness of the problemsconcerning information security in the organisation. This thesis contributes withnuanced findings of why organisations adopt information security. The results alsocontribute to expanding previous findings in technology adoption adapting the TOEframework. / Bakgrund: Under de senaste åren har organisationer ställts inför en ökad hotbildfrån cyberkriminalitet, vilket kräver implementering av effektiva informationssystem.Men att investera i informationssäkerhet är inte helt oproblematiskt, säkra systemär avgörande för att skydda känslig information men det kommer med komplex ochavancerad teknik.Syfte: Identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar organisationers vilja att adoptera informationssäkerhet. Detta görs genom att använda det väletablerade TOE-ramverketför att presentera och identifiera forskningsresultatet, ett vanligt använt och välutvecklat ramverk som tillämpats i flera tidigare studier inom området technologyadoption.Metod: En kvalitativ forskningsansats används eftersom den gynnar den utforskandekaraktären att bygga en djupare förståelse för varför organisationer investerar i informationssäkerhet. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes för att få en djupareförståelse från verkställande/toppchefer, IT-chefer och andra som påverkas av säkerhetsantagandet i organisationen.Resultat: Faktorerna separerades i TOE-ramverket. Teknologiska faktorer: hållbarhet, relativ fördel, avkastning på investeringen, kostnad, komplexitet samt kompatibilitet. Organisatoriska faktorer: vilja att adoptera, organisatorisk beredskap,kunskap och expertis, externt stöd, kommunikationsprocess, organisationsmedvetenhet samt toppledningsstöd. Externa faktorer: konkurrenskraft, extern press, geopolitik och externa händelser, rädsla för exponering, tidigare erfarenhet samt lagar ochregler.Slutsats: Resultaten från denna studie visar tydligt faktorer som starkt påverkarorganisationer att ta till sig informationssäkerhet. Toppchefer har ett stort ansvaratt säkerställa att investeringar i säkerhetssystem är tillräckliga för att förbli konkurrenskraftig och pålitliga gentemot sina kunder och leverantörer. IT-cheferna förväntas hantera säkerhetsproblem som organisationen kan ställas inför. Den begränsadekompetensen inom säkerhet skapar betydande utmaningar för organisationen attimplementera tillräckliga lösningar. Detta leder till en hög efterfrågan på externexpertis inom området, vilket skapar en bristande förståelse och medvetenhet kringproblematiken av informationssäkerhet i organisationen. Denna studie bidrar mednyanserade rön om varför organisationer använder informationssäkerhet. Resultatenbidrar också till att tillhandahålla nya fynd till tidigare studier inom området somapplicerat TOE-ramverket.

Byggbranschen är en av de snabbast växande branscherna i världen men samtidigt är denen av de minst utvecklade gällande digitaliseringen. Fördelarna med digitalisering ärmånga men trots det anses implementeringen av digitala teknologier vara svår ochlångsam. Ledande personer på företagen spelar en viktig roll i adaptionen av nyateknologier och en ny teknologi som börjat användas på senare år är generativadesignverktyg. Generativ design handlar om att med hjälp av artificiell intelligens ta framolika byggplaner utifrån angivna kriterier. Ett program som bygger på denna teknologi ärForma. Forma är tänkt att vara en del av den fjärde industriella revolutionen och hjälpatill att minska tidsåtgång och kostnad samt öka hållbarhet och samarbetet i byggprojekt.Arbetet i den här studien har fokuserat på programmet Forma och undersökt vilkafaktorer som påverkar implementeringen av teknologin samt försökt härleda faktorernatill hur de varierar mellan olika företagsmodeller och uppdragstyper. Arbetet syftar till attutforska hur generativa design- och analysverktyg kan utveckla design- ochbyggprocesser samt lokalisera möjligheterna till implementering av den typen avprogram. Målet är att bidra med kunskap som kan hjälpa beslutsfattare att ta merinformerade och bättre beslut vid implementering av nya programvaror.För att uppnå syfte och mål har två typer av metoder använts. Den ena är en intervjustudiesom utgår från semistrukturerade intervjuer där representanter från fyra olika företagintervjuades. Den andra metoden som använts är en fallstudie där två objekt av olikastorlek och användningsområde undersökts. För att knyta ihop intervjuerna medfallstudien har en teknikacceptansmodell (TAM) med ett teknik-, organisation- ochmiljöramverk (TOE) använts.Resultatet visade att de två viktigaste faktorerna för ett företags implementering avgenerativa design- och analysverktyg är den upplevda användbarheten och den upplevdaanvändarvänligheten av programmet. Dessa påverkas i sin tur av bakomliggande externafaktorer som organisationens storlek, uppdragstyper, konkurrenssituation, förkunskaper,tekniska kompetens samt användarens behov. Forma ansågs vara ett bra program utifråntrovärdighet, tid, kostnad och funktionalitet, med vissa undantag för komplexiteten. Detär på processuell nivå som generativa design- och analysverktyg upplevs mest nyttiga urett implementeringsperspektiv. Fördelarna med Forma är framför allt hurimplementeringen av programmet ökar effektiviteten och produktiviteten i ett projekt ochsamtidigt skapar en bättre informations- och kommunikationshantering. Nackdelarnahandlar främst om brister i den mark- och höjddata programmet utgår från, risker att gåmiste om grundläggande kvaliteter för stadsbyggande samt en minskad användbarhet vidmindre och kommersiella projekt. / The construction industry is rapidly growing but lags in digitalization. Implementing digital technologies has been slow despite their advantages. Key personnel play a significant role in adopting new technologies, such as generative design tools. This study focuses on Forma, a generative design program, examining implementation factors across different business models and project types. The aim is to explore how these tools can improve design and construction processes. Two methods were used: interviews with representatives from four companies and a case study of two objects. Results highlighted perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as key factors. Forma was considered good in terms of credibility, time, cost, and function, with some exceptions regarding complexity. Generative design tools were most useful at the procedural level, enhancing efficiency, productivity, and information management. Drawbacks include limitations in data and reduced usability in smaller projects.

The popularity of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in various industries is increasing now more than ever before due to the ability of improving efficiency, enhancing decision-making and automating workflows. This demands that organizations need to be prepared to adopt these technologies to keep their competitive advantage and utilize the benefits in today's fast-paced business environment. There is a lack of guidance for organizations to adopt AI and further research of the organizational readiness factors is therefore needed to make sure the adoption of it is successful. The purpose of this research was to expand the knowledge of key factors that matter when organizations in the software industry want to create the best conditions before adopting the AI technologies in their business processes. The main contexts and factors were investigated with the technology-organizational-environmental (TOE) framework in synthesis with the technological readiness index (TRI) to get the perspective of both readiness and adoption. To answer the research questions that originated from the purpose, a qualitative research method was chosen where semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers with knowledge and experience in the field, as part of the empirical findings process. The most important contributing factor for readiness was communication, and the most obstructing factor was the discomfort of technological innovations such as AI. The main factors for a successful adoption were found to be the availability of slack resources and skilled labor and that the conditions of AI readiness are dealt with before adoption. The factor that could be classified as a main hindering factor in the adoption process was found to be a shortage of skilled labor in the market, with the right kind of knowledge and experience. / Populariteten för teknologier inom artificiell intelligens (AI) ökar nu mer än någonsin tidigare i olika branscher på grund av förmågan att förbättra effektiviteten, förbättra beslutsfattandet och möjligheten att automatisera arbetsflöden. Detta kräver att organisationer måste vara beredda att använda dessa teknologier för att behålla sina konkurrensfördelar och utnyttja fördelarna i dagens affärsmiljö där beslut fattas fort. Det finns dock en brist på vägledning för organisationer att ta till sig AI och ytterligare forskning om organisatoriska beredskaps faktorer behövs därför för att säkerställa att implementeringen av dessa teknologier blir framgångsrik. Syftet med denna forskning var att utöka kunskapen om nyckelfaktorer som verkligen betyder något när organisationer inom mjukvaruindustrin vill skapa de bästa förutsättningarna innan de tar till sig AI-teknologierna i sina affärsprocesser. De huvudsakliga sammanhangen och faktorerna undersöktes med hjälp av technology-organizational-environmental (TOE) ramverket i syntes med technological readiness index (TRI) för att få perspektiv på både beredskap och implementering av AI. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna valdes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in empirisk data. Dessa intervjuer genomfördes med chefer inom mjukvaruindustrin som hade erfarenhet kring implementering av AI. Den viktigaste bidragande faktorn för beredskapen var kommunikation, och den mest hindrande faktorn var obehaget för innovationer som AI. De huvudsakliga faktorerna för en framgångsrik implementering visade sig vara tillgången på överskotts resurser och kvalificerad arbetskraft och att villkoren för AI-beredskap hanteras innan implementering. Den faktor som kunde klassificeras som en huvudsaklig hämmande faktor i implementeringsprocessen visade sig vara brist på kvalificerad arbetskraft på marknaden, med rätt sorts kunskap och erfarenhet.

Artificial intelligence is increasing in interest and it is creating value to many organizations world-wide. Due to the potential, governmental authorities in Sweden who work with large volumes of text documents are interested in natural language processing models, which is a sub field of AI and have started to incorporate it to their organizations. This study explores and discusses factors that are influential for governmental authorities when adopting AI and highlights ethical aspects which are of importance for the adoption process. This is explored through a literature review which lead to a frame of reference built on the Technology Organization Environment framework (TOE), which then was tested through interviews with project leaders and AI architects at governmental authorities who are working with language models. The results show that the TOE framework is suitable for analysing AI adoption for governmental authorities. The factors that are found influential are Relative Advantage, Compatibility and Complexity, Management support, Staff capacity, Regulatory environment and Cooperation. Furthermore, the findings suggest that AI Ethics and Data access are influential in all three contexts of technology, organization and environment. The findings of this study confirm results from previous research regarding adoption of new technology, and also provides the literature with exploring the adoption process of AI in governmental authorities, which was not widely explored in literature on beforehand. / Allt fler intresserar sig för artificiell intelligens då det skapar värde för många organisationer. Svenska myndigheter som arbetar med stora mängder textdokument ser potentialen i AI och har börjat implementera språkmodeller, ett sorts AI, i sina organisationer. Den här studien utforskar och diskuterar faktorer som är inflytelserika inför implementering av AI och belyser etiska aspekter som är viktiga för implementationsprocessen. Detta har utforskats först genom en litteraturstudie, ur vilken ett ramverk som bygger på Teknologi Organisation Miljö-ramverket (TOE) har tagits fram. Detta har sedan testats genom intervjuer med projektledare och AI arkitekter på svenska myndigheter som arbetar med språkmodeller. Resultaten visar att TOE-ramverket lämpar sig väl för att analysera adoptering av AI i myndigheter. Faktorerna som har identifierats som inflytelserika är relativ fördel, kompatibilitet, komplexitet, ledningsstöd, anställdas kapacitet, regleringskontext och samarbete. Dessutom föreslås det att etik för AI och datatillgång ska spänna över alla tre kontexter inom TOE. Resultaten av studien bekräftar tidigare forskning gällande adoptering av nya teknologier, och den bidrar även till litteraturen genom att utforska adopteringsprocessen av AI i myndigheter, vilket inte har utforskats i större utsträckning tidigare.

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce adoption has become a necessity for most small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), allowing them to gain and sustain competitive advantage in a dynamic competitive environment. Accepting the fact that B2B is adopted at different levels based on different resources leads to the acceptance that competitive advantage is gained and sustained on a level consistent with the level of adoption. This study employs quantitative method based on the positivism philosophy and deductive approach. A questionnaire survey technique was used to collect the data from the American and Egyptian manufacturing SMEs. Moreover, it used structural equation modelling with a sample of 320 and 260 manufacturing SMEs in the United States of America and Egypt respectively. The structural equation modelling (SEM) findings revealed that each level of B2B e-commerce adoption was affected by different factors from another level of adoption. Besides, there was a significant difference between the issues which faced manufacturing SMEs in USA and Egypt. Furthermore, in Egyptian manufacturing SMEs, relative advantage and competitive pressure have a significant effect on adoption behaviour. On the other hand, when American manufacturing SMEs made their decisions to adopt B2B e-commerce, they considered the main factors to be relative advantage, top management support, firm size and government support. In addition, the findings revealed that the higher the level of B2B e-commerce, which an SME adopted, the higher the level of competitive advantage it gained. However, in developing countries such as Egypt, SMEs remained far behind their peers in developed countries. In terms of theoretical implications, the study could be considered to be a unique study in the field of B2B e-commerce generally and B2B e-commerce in Egyptian manufacturing SMEs in particular. This is because, by looking back at the literature review, is clear that empirical studies into B2B e-commerce issues, including manufacturing SMEs, remained embryonic in developed countries and rare in the developing countries. This is especially so in the Arabic countries. In addition, most previous studies focused on a broad and generic view of the SMEs’ adoption of B2B e-commerce or on the relationship between adoption of IT and competitive advantage. This study was conducted in a cross-country context; it considered the manufacturing SMEs’ adoption of B2B e-commerce from the perspective of the level of adoption. Therefore, it made an original empirical contribution towards the current body of knowledge on the adoption of B2B e-commerce through the identification of manufacturing SMEs adoption levels of B2B e-commerce; their impacts on competitive advantage; and the significant factors which influenced each adoption level of B2B e-commerce in USA and Egypt. In addition, this study used TOE as the theoretical framework in investigating the factors affecting B2B e-commerce in SMEs and focused largely on the factors affecting each level; this is a new contribution to the extant literature. Turning to the study’s practical implications, important implications for the manufacturing SMEs’ owner/managers can be drawn from the findings to help them to understand their environments as, in a cross-country business context, they move through the different stages of adopting B2B e-commerce. In addition to the implication for manufacturing SMEs’ owners/managers, this study presents important implications for governmental, nongovernmental organisations and other institutions linked to manufacturing SMEs. Similar to other studies, this study has a number of limitations. The main one is that it lacks the use of qualitative analysis to depict how SMEs understand the concept of competitive advantages and how this helps them to survive and grow.

Although Operational Research (OR) has successfully provided many methodologies to address complex decision problems, in particular based on the rationality principle, there has been too little discussion regarding their limited consideration in IT evaluation practice and associated decision making satisfaction levels in an organisational context. The aim of this paper is to address these issues through providing a current account of diffusion and infusion of OR methodologies in IT decision making practice, and by analysing factors affecting decision making satisfaction from a Technological, Organisational, and Environmental (TOE) framework in the context of IT induced business transformations. We developed a structural equation model and conducted an empirical survey, which supported four out of five developed research hypotheses. Our results show that while Decision Support Systems (DSS), holistic IT evaluation methods, and management support seem to positively affect individual satisfaction, legislative regulation has an adverse effect. Results also revealed a persistent methodology diffusion and infusion gap. The paper discusses implications in each of these aspects and presents opportunities for future work. (authors' abstract)

This study aims to explore Swedish organizations within the accounting industry that have adapted their operations to the recent introduction of cloud services. Fortnox, a cloud service provider, has transformed the working methods of organizations, changed the relationship with customers and contributed to creating new rules for the market within accounting. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with employees using Fortnox in their work in areas relevant to accounting. The theoretical framework in this study combines the TOE-framework with theories such as sociomateriality, IT-strategy and technology acceptance. The study goes one step further and investigates how individuals perceive organizational change in the accounting industry as a result of cloud services. The results show that cloud services have enabled major organizational changes where accounting firms have made the strategic choice to diversify and move towards counseling. The speed with which the individual perceives that the business is adapting depends on both the individual and structural conditions that exist. / Denna studie syftar till att undersöka svenska organisationer inom redovisningsbranschen som anpassat sin verksamhet till följd av införandet av molntjänster. Inom ramen för molntjänster menas här hur användandet av Fortnox har förändrat organisationens arbetssätt och relation till kunden samt bidragit till att skapa nya spelregler för marknaden. Datainsamling har skett genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer från organisationer med anställda med relevant koppling till redovisning och som använder sig av molntjänsten Fortnox i sitt arbete. Det teoretiska ramverket för denna studie applicerar TOE-ramverket på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och kombinerar ramverket med teorier kring sociomaterialitet, IT-strategi och teknologiacceptans av teknologi. Kombinationen leder studien djupare in på hur individer uppfattar att organisationer inom redovisningsbranschen förändrar sitt arbete med löpande redovisning till följd av molntjänster. Resultatet visar att molntjänster har möjliggjort större organisatoriska förändringar där redovisningsbyråer gjort det strategiska valet att diversifiera sig och övergå mer mot rådgivning. Hur snabbt individen uppfattar att verksamheten anpassar sig beror på vilka individuella förutsättningar samt strukturella förutsättningar som finns.

A computação em nuvem é um modelo que catalisa mudanças marcantes na forma com que a Tecnologia da Informação é distribuída. Como benefícios, sobressai-se a viabilidade de acesso rápido, de qualquer lugar, a recursos disponibilizados como serviços e utilizados sob demanda, subsidiando a criação de novos modelos de negócios. Entretanto, com os ativos da TI externos à organização, aumenta-se o interesse por estudos sobre adoção. A literatura retrata a utilização de vários modelos de adoção, entre eles o TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) e o TOE (Technology-Organizational-enviroment framework). Uma pesquisa que utilizou a combinação TAM-TOE revelou bom grau de previsão da adoção pelo modelo, porém indicou a necessidade de estudos de casos para aprofundar o tema em outros contextos, ensejando a questão: como ocorre o processo de adoção da computação em nuvem em relação às questões organizacionais e ambientais? Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura para confirmar lacunas de pesquisa e estender o modelo TAM-TOE, destacando-se elementos da teoria institucional no processo de adoção. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e estruturada por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, com unidade de análise definida pelo estudo do processo de adoção de um serviço de nuvem em empresa de grande porte caracterizada como suporte no modelo de grade estratégica da TI. Sete unidades foram analisadas abordando-se influência das pressões institucionais sobre a alta gestão, as avaliações dos serviços e os termos de licenciamento dos contratos. O estudo contribui para a elucidação de comportamentos diferenciados das pressões institucionais sobre a alta gestão na decisão de adoção, destacando-se os mecanismos coercitivos. Expõe situações onde a gestão dos serviços requer a participação da TI sob o modo tradicional e discute aspectos contratuais sobre o licenciamento de serviços. Por fim, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a utilização do modelo, do método e limitações da pesquisa, com a indicação de estudos futuros para aprofundar as contribuições indicadas em outros contextos. / Cloud Computing is a model that has brought revolutionary changes in the way Information Technology (IT) is distributed. As benefits, it stands out the feasibility of fast access possible from anywhere to resources made available as on-demand services that help to create new business models. However, with IT assets outside the organization, interest in adoption studies have increased. The literature describes the use of several adoption models, among which are the Technology-Acceptance-Model (TAM) and the Technology-Organizational-environment (TOE). One research used the TAM-TOE combination and revealed a good degree of prediction to justify adoptions, but indicated the need for case studies to better understanding of adoptions in other contexts, raising the question: how should the process of adopting cloud computing occur regarding organizational and environmental questions? A systematic literature review was conducted to confirm research gaps and to broaden the TAM-TOE model, highlighting elements of institutional theory and its influence in the adoption process. This is a qualitative, descriptive and structured research using multiple case studies, with unit of analysis defined by the study of the process of adopting a cloud service in a large company characterized as support in the IT strategic grid model. Seven units were analyzed by addressing institutional pressures on top management, service evaluations and contract licensing terms. The study contributes to the elucidation of different behaviors of the institutional pressures on the top management in the decision making for its adoption, emphasizing the coercive mechanisms. It exposes situations in which the service management might require the participation of IT in the traditional way and the discussion of contractual aspects about the licensing of services. Finally, a reflection on the use of the model, method and limitations of the research is presented, indicating future studies.

Submitted by VITOR BRUNO BIANCONI ROSA null (vitorbianconi@gmail.com) on 2017-02-24T23:42:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Vitor final ficha catalográfica.pdf: 485052 bytes, checksum: d7adf2c6298c1dfa11aed9a6cacfd19b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-06T16:38:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_vbb_me_bot.pdf: 485052 bytes, checksum: d7adf2c6298c1dfa11aed9a6cacfd19b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T16:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_vbb_me_bot.pdf: 485052 bytes, checksum: d7adf2c6298c1dfa11aed9a6cacfd19b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os equinos são os animais domésticos que melhores desempenham a função locomotora, existindo a relação direta da nutrição com o sistema locomotor ao considerar-se que pastejam e se locomovem continuamente, permanecendo em apoio quadrupedal inclusive em períodos de descanso. São ungulados monodigitados, tendo por proteção o casco que sofre constante atrito com o solo. O casco que protege as estruturas internas e sofre desgastes tem crescimento contínuo em torno de meio a um centímetro por mês e tem a conformação estudada, com medidas e proporções descritas na normalidade. Sob influência de diversos fatores como terreno, uso do animal, conformação das estruturas digitais relacionadas, os equinos são frequentemente submetidos à casqueamento na busca da higiene e normalidade anatômica e funcional, sempre considerando as dimensões angulares e lineares dos diferentes aspectos a considerar os ângulos do casco pela pinça e pelos talões, as medidas da parede nas diferentes partes e ainda as medidas das estruturas observadas pela sola como larguras e comprimentos de ranilha e sola. As diferentes medidas e suas proporções conferem ao casco as características funcionais a que se aplica. A interferência no formato do casco tende a estabelecer mudanças no padrão dos andamentos que devem ser considerados como naturais ou artificiais, cujas características são: velocidade, número de batidas, saltado ou marchado, sequência de apoio dos membros, sequência de apoios dos mementos, simetria e podem ser estudados desde a descrição pela inspeção até com o uso de equipamentos que conferem maior precisão e assim torna-se possível a realização de estudos e descrições com detalhes. O estudo do sistema locomotor dos equinos mostra-se como área de exploração ainda carente de aprofundamentos na busca científica não somente no esclarecimento de questões mas acima disto na prevenção de doenças relacionadas ao sistema e que decorrem da domesticação / The horse is the domestic species that best execute the locomotion. There is a relation between the locomotion and the nutrition once the species continually stays in a quardrupedal position. The hoof comprises the protection of the internal structures and is worned as the animal moves and its growth is constantly at a rate of one centimiter per month. Its morphology is well defined and is the focus of many researches. Under the influence of many factors like ground type, animal destination, hoof conformation, the hooves are frequently trimmed in order to turn the hooves ideal and normal phisyology. One must consider the angles and linear measures like lenght and width of frog, lenght of the dorsal hoof wall. The interference on the hoof shape tend to establish changes on the pattern of the gait. The horse gait are classified as natural or artificial and their characteristics are: speed, number of strikes, gaited or trotted, sequency of limb beraing, simmetry. The differente gaits cand be studied by direct inspection or through other kind of tools. The Field of equine locomotion must be well explored and studied in order to obtain more detailed information and to prevent further muscleskeletal related to the Sports activities