Orientador: Rubens Nisie Tango / Coorientador: Alberto Noriyuki Kojima / Banca: Anelyse Arata / Banca: Eduardo Bresciani / Resumo: A literatura mostra escassez de informações sobre o envelhecimento de cerâmicas Y-TZP de uso odontológico, quando associado a escovação simulada. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da escovação simulada em algumas propriedades de zircônias estabilizadas por ítria (Y-TZP) após envelhecimento hidrotérmico. Foram confeccionados 36 discos da cerâmica (YZ®) - ISO 6872, 36 da cerâmica Cercon®Zirconia (DENTSPLY Ceramco, EUA) e 36 discos da cerâmica (Zirkon Transluzent - ICE Zirkonzahn®) os quais foram separados de acordo com o envelhecimento em reator hidrotérmico (controle e 6 horas de envelhecimento) e submissão à ciclagem de escovação simulada (controle e 72000 ciclos com carga de 350g e solução creme dental/água), resultando em 3 grupos de estudo, de acordo com o tipo de cerâmica utilizada para confecção da amostra e 4 Sub grupos, de acordo com a realização ou não do envelhecimento Hidrotérmico e escovação simulada nas amostras (n=9). Sendo YZ- Amostras realizadas com a cerâmica(YZ®);CZ- Amostras realizadas com a cerâmica-(Cercon®Zirconia);ZT- Amostras realizadas com a cerâmica (Zirkon Transluzent - ICE Zirkonzahn®).Teremos como subgrupos, 0- Grupo controle, amostras não submetidas nem ao envelhecimento, nem a escovação simulada; 1- Amostras submetidas apenas ao envelhecimento por 6 horas; 2- Amostras submetidas somente a escovação simulada; 3- Amostras submetidas ao envelhecimento hidrotérmico por 6 horas e escovação simulada. Os corpos de prova foram ava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The literature shows a shortage of information about the aging of Y-TZP ceramics for dental use, when associated with simulated brushing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of simulated brushing on some properties of yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) after hydrothermal aging. Sixteen ceramic discs (YZ®) - ISO 6872, 36 Cercon®Zirconia ceramics (DENTSPLY Ceramco, USA) and 36 ceramic discs (Zirkon Transluzent - ICE Zirkonzahn®) were prepared, which were separated according to the aging in the reactor hydrothermal (control and 6 hours of aging) and submission to simulated brushing cycle (control and 72000 cycles with 350g load and toothpaste / water solution), resulting in 3 study groups, according to the type of ceramics used for cooking of the sample and 4 Sub groups, according to whether or not Hydrothermal aging and simulated brushing were performed in the samples (n = 9). (YZ®); CZ- Samples made with ceramics- (Cercon®Zirconia); ZT- Samples made with ceramics (Zirkon Transluzent - ICE Zirkonzahn®) .We will have as subgroups, 0- Control group, samples not submitted neither to aging nor simulated brushing; 1- Samples submitted only to aging for 6 hours; 2 - Samples submitted only to simulated brushing; 3 - Samples submitted to hydrothermal aging for 6 hours and simulated brushing. The specimens were evaluated by X-ray diffraction to verify T-M phase transformation and a sample of each group submitted to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphol... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases affecting early childhood. It has a multifactorial aetiology and is difficult to control on a population scale. Feeding habits, throughout the first year of life, involve several simultaneous and consistent behaviours, such as breastfeeding, bottle-feeding and the introduction of complementary foods. Particular feeding behaviours recognized at this age may be maintained in later years, potentially impacting health over the life course. The following study was done to interrogate bottle-feeding practices among caregivers in Khartoum and to determine if there was an association with the prevalence of dental caries among young children.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) can be defined as the loss of dental hard tissue near the cemento-enamel junction without bacterial involvement. Abrasion, erosion and abfraction have been mentioned as common etiological factors of NCCLs. Abrasion is the loss of tooth structure due to friction by materials such as toothbrushes or abrasives in toothpaste. In contrast, dental erosion is the loss of tooth structure driven by acids. Abfraction, on the other hand, starts due to the weakening of the tooth structure in areas of concentrated stress as a result of cuspal flexure from heavy and repeated occlusal loading, which progresses to dental hard-tissue loss. Purpose: The present study focused on the abrasion aspect of NCCLs. Specifically, it aimed to investigate the influence of dentifrice abrasivity and toothbrush stiffness on the development of NCCLs in vitro Hypothesis: NCCL development is affected by both the abrasive level of the dentifrice and the stiffness of the toothbrush, as well as their interaction. Materials and Methods: A total of 288 extracted human upper first premolars, free of any dental caries and root defects, were selected. The teeth were be cleaned with a hand periodontal scaler and randomly assigned into twelve groups (total of 24 teeth/group). Specimens were brushed in an automated toothbrushing machine, using simulated toothpaste slurries of varying abrasivity and toothbrushes of varying stiffness. This study examined three experimental factors: 1. Toothpaste abrasivity, at four levels: high, medium, low, and non-abrasive slurry (as negative control); 2. Toothbrush stiffness, at three levels: soft, medium, and hard; 3. Toothbrushing cycles at three levels: baseline, 35k, and 65k strokes. Specimens were analyzed by optical profilometry at baseline and after each brushing level. The response variable was the dentin volumetric loss, in mm3. All toothbrushes caused significantly higher tooth wear when associated to the high abrasive slurry, compared to medium- and low-abrasive slurries. Medium- caused more tooth wear than low-abrasive slurry, which in turn led to more tooth wear than the control. Hard and medium toothbrushes were not significantly different, but both caused significantly higher volumetric loss than Soft toothbrushes. There were no differences among toothbrushes, when used with the non-abrasive (control) and low- abrasive slurries. Overall, 35k strokes resulted in significantly less tooth volumetric loss than 65k.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is a growing dental condition often associated with aging. This in-vitro project comprised three studies aiming to investigate the impact of tooth age on ETW susceptibility and prevention. In the first study, un-identified extracted premolars were collected and had their ages estimated using validated dental forensic methods. The premolars were examined to investigate the relationship between age and presence and severity of ETW, as well as other main dental-hard tissues conditions. ETW, dental caries, fluorosis, extrinsic staining and tooth color were evaluated using established clinical indices. In the second study, the tooth age impact on ETW susceptibility and response to preventive treatments (Sn+F, NaF, and de-ionized water control) were evaluated using representative samples from the initial study. Enamel and dentin specimens were prepared and subjected to daily erosion-treatmentremineralization cycling procedure. Surface loss (SL) was determined during and after the cycling, by optical profilometry. Similar protocol was adopted in the third study with the addition of toothbrushing abrasion to the model, in order to explore the interplay between age and toothpaste abrasivity on erosion-abrasion development. SL was measured during and after the erosion-toothbrushing-remineralization cycling. The relationships between age and the investigated variables were assessed using linear regression models. In conclusion: 1. The presence and severity of ETW, dental caries, and extrinsic staining increased with age, while of enamel fluorosis decreased. Tooth also showed to be darker with age. 2. Susceptibility of enamel and dentin to demineralization increased with age. Sn+F showed the highest anti-erosive efficacy, and was not affected by age. NaF showed lower efficacy on dentin, which increased with age. 3. Enamel and dentin SL increased with toothpaste abrasivity level. Dentin SL also increased with age. Age effect on enamel SL was observed only with low abrasive toothpaste. Age-related changes on enamel and dentin affected ETW development. / 2020-05-17

Barros et al. (2018) suggested that individuals with a diagnosis of down syndrome (DS) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face challenges in acquiring adaptive daily living skills (ADLs). As a result, more intensive support may be required to acquire such skills and quality of life (QoL) may be impacted for those individuals and their parents/caregivers/legal guardians. The purpose of this study was to teach children with a diagnosis of down syndrome (DS) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) oral hygiene skills, specifically toothbrushing, utilizing basic video modeling. Three children between the ages of four – 11 with a diagnosis of DS or ASD viewed video models portraying a similar age peer completing the toothbrushing task. A concurrent multiple baseline across participants design was used and independence in tooth brushing was monitored. Results suggested that utilizing basic video modeling can increase correct independent responding in tooth brushing. When taught ADLs, individuals with a diagnosis of DS or ASD may be able to increase independence in everyday life such as feeding, using the bathroom, or living independently. Furthermore, acquiring ADLs can increase the QoL for individuals with a diagnosis of DS or ASD and for the parents/caregivers/legal guardians of those individuals.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Bakgrund: Ett sätt för tandvården att nå de nationella och internationella mål som ska uppfyllas för att främja god oral hälsa och minska kariesprevalensen hos barn är att samverka med andra yrkeskategorier.  Syfte: Att studera tandborstningsrutinerna på förskolan och i hemmet i Region Jönköpings län. Metod: Kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med två olika enkäter till personal och föräldrar. En till föräldrar med 2 slutna frågor om tandborstvanor och en till förskolepersonal med 17 slutna frågor om bakgrund, tandborstning, utbildning och munhälsans betydelse. Resultatet redovisades deskriptivt i text, tabeller och figurer med absoluta (n) och relativa (%) frekvenser. Chi-2 och Fisher’s exakta test användes för att undersöka eventuella skillnader mellan yrkeskategorier i inställning till tandborstning.  Resultat: Studien visade att barnen på dessa förskolor (97,2 %) fick borsta sina tänder med fluortandkräm efter frukost eller lunch. Ingen signifikant skillnad fanns gällande personalens utbildningsnivå och inställning till tandborstning på förskolan. De allra flesta barn (87,8 %) fick hjälp med tandborstning två gånger dagligen i hemmet. Slutsats: Studien visade att det fanns en god följsamhet till projektet ”Tillsammans mot tandtrollen” på förskolorna. En majoritet av föräldrar borstade sina barns tänder två gånger dagligen i hemmet.

Este estudo avaliou, in vitro, a influência da aplicação de quatro selantes de superfície na rugosidade de duas resinas compostas. Cinqüenta espécimes foram confeccionados e divididos em 10 grupos com 5 espécimes cada, em função da combinação entre resina composta e selante de superfície, sendo: G1. Controle Concept; G2. Concept + Fortify; G3. Concept + Biscover; G4. Concept + Lasting Touch; G5. Concept + Fill Glaze; G6. Controle Esthet X; G7. Esthet X + Fortify; G8. Esthet X + Biscover; G9. Esthet X + Lasting Touch; G10. Esthet X + Fill Glaze. Os espécimes foram confeccionados com uma matriz específica, em quatro incrementos, com dimensões internas de 15mmX4mmX5mm, sendo sua polimerização realizada com o aparelho de lâmpada halógena Curing Light 2500 (500mW/cm2) por 20s cada incremento. Em seguida, foram armazenados em água destilada à 37ºC e umidade absoluta de 100% por 24 horas. Após este período, os espécimes foram adaptados em uma Politriz Metalográfica e planificados com lixas de granulometria 320, 600 e a rugosidade inicial foi aferida. Para a mensuração da rugosidade, utilizou-se o rugosímetro Hommel Tester T1000 basic. Numa segunda fase, aplicaram-se os selantes de superfície, conforme recomendações do fabricante, e uma nova aferição da rugosidade superficial foi realizada. Para o teste de abrasão, os espécimes foram submetidos a 100.000 ciclos de escovação, seguido de nova mensuração da rugosidade. Em adição à rugosidade e com o objetivo de avaliar qualitativamente a superfície de alguns espécimes, a leitura em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura foi empregada. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA a 3 critérios e Tukey para comparações individuais entre os diferentes grupos (p<0,05). A aplicação do selante de superfície diminuiu a rugosidade superficial das resinas compostas testadas (G2=0,0727, G3=0,0147, G4=0,0307, G5=0,0253, G6=0,0960, G7=0,0173, G8=0,0333, G9=0,0480). A abrasão simulada aumentou a rugosidade superficial para todos os grupos, com exceção do Fortify (G2=0,0740, G7=0,0673) e Biscover (G7=0,0440), sendo os maiores valores apresentados pelo Lasting Touch (G4= 0,1253, G9=0,0980), seguido do Fill Glaze (G5=0,0933, G10= 0,0847). / This in vitro study evaluated the influence of the application of four surface sealers on the surface roughness of composite resins. Fifty specimens were divided into ten groups according to different patterns of composite resin and surface sealers, as follows: G1. Control with Concept resin; G2. Concept + Fortify; G3. Concept + Biscover; G4. Concept + Lasting Touch; G5. Concept + Fill Glaze; G6. Control with Esthet X; G7. Esthet X + Fortify; G8. Esthet X + Biscover; G9. Esthet X + Lasting Touch; G10. Esthet X + Fill Glaze. Specimens were made in four increments using a stainless steel matrix of 15x5x4mm and resin increments were polymerized with halogen lamp Curing Light 2500 (500mW/cm2) for 20 seconds each. After complete polymerization, specimens were stored in 100% humidity in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours. Following storage, specimens were polished using ascending grades (320, 600) of abrasive SiC paper under running water and the initial roughness was measured with a perfilometer Hommel Tester T100 basic (Hommelwerke GmbH ref. # 240851 - Schwenningem - Germany). Surface sealers were applied following the manufacturer\'s instructions and a new measurement of roughness was made. For the abrasive resistance test, specimens were submitted to 100.000 cycles of abrasive dentifrice brushing followed by surface roughness.. Qualitative analisys was made by using MEV. Results were submitted to Three-way ANOVA (p<0,05) and Tuckey\'s test to individual comparisons between different groups. Surface sealant application provided smoother surfaces for of composite resins tested (G2=0.0727, G3=0.0147, G4=0.0307, G5=0.0253, G6=0.0960, G7=0.0173, G8=0.0333, G9=0.0480). The abrasion test increased the surface roughness for all tested groups, except Fortify (G2=0,0740, G7=0,0673) and Biscover (G7=0,0440). Lasting Touch presented rougher surfaces (G4= 0,1253, G9=0,0980), followed by Fill Glaze (G5=0,0933, G10= 0,0847).

Um dos principais problemas dos materiais restauradores (incluindo a resina composta) é o desgaste por abrasão. Portanto, o objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro o desgaste abrasivo por escovação da resina composta 4Seasons, de duas cores diferentes (A3 e C4) e com fotopolimerização por dois diferentes tempos (20 e 40 s), utilizando escova Sorriso, da Colgate, e creme dentifrício Colgate Tripla Ação; também foi usado, como material de referência, o polimetil metacrilato. Assim, foram confeccionados dez corpos-de-prova, para cada um dos cinco grupos formados (PMMA, A3 20s, A3 40s, C4 20s, C4 40s). Cada espécime consistia basicamente num cilindro de cerca de 1,8 mm de altura e 8 mm de diâmetro. Cada espécime, após sua confecção, era imerso em água deionizada, a 37 ± 2 ºC, por 24 horas, quando então eram regularizados com lixa (granulação # 600 e # 1.000); após lavagem com ultrassom, voltavam a ser armazenados nas mesmas condições, até completar-se um período de uma semana. A escovação foi então efetuada numa máquina própria, que comportava dez espécimes simultaneamente, sendo de 3 N a carga de cada escova sobre o respectivo espécime; a velocidade de cada escova era de 18 cm/s, com a freqüência (ida e volta, num percurso total de 4 cm) de 4,5 ciclos/s; o período de escovação de um espécime compreendia 150. 000 ciclos. Foram efetuados cinco períodos (ou lotes) de escovação, de modo que um espécime do material de cada grupo tivesse sido submetido à ação de cada uma das posições ocupadas pelas dez escovas. A quantidade de massa perdida, para cada espécime, foi calculada por meio de pesagem (pré e pós escovação), numa balança com acuidade de milionésimo de grama. O trabalho foi também ilustrado com gráficos de rugosidade e com fotomicrografias tomadas ao MEV. A taxa média de desgaste foi de 2,8 mg para o PMMA, de 5,5 mg para o A3-20s, 4,7 mg para o A3-40 s, 5,4 para o C4-20s e 4,2 mg para o C4-40s; a respectiva análise de variância mostrou não existir diferença significante entre os grupos, para p=0,166; o coeficiente de variação entre os grupos foi bastante semelhante. Foi possível concluir que não existiu diferença da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo entre os grupos estudados. / One of the main problems of dental restorative materials (including the resin composites) is the abrasion wear. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro the abrasive wear by toothbrushing of the resin composite 4Seasons, of two different colors (A3 and C4), cured by two different times (20 and 40 s), using a toothbrush (Sorriso - Colgate), and a dentifrice (Tripla Ação Colgate). Polimetil meth-acrylate was used as reference material. Ten cylindric samples (approximately 1.8 mm height and 8 mm diameter) had been prepared for each one of the five evaluated groups (PMMA, A3 20s, A3 40s, C4 20s, C4 40s). After confection, samples were immersed in deionized water, at 37 ± 2ºC, for 24 h, and then regularized by abrasive gritting with sandpaper (from #600 to # 1 000); after that, were cleaned in ultrasound bath, and restored to the same described conditions, until completing the period of one week. The toothbrushing was then conducted in a proper machine that holds 10 specimens simultaneously, with a 3 N load of each toothbrush on the respective sample. The speed of each toothbrush was of 18 cm/s, at a frequency of 4.5 cycles/s (each cycle consisting of 2 cm forward and 2 cm backward). 150. 000 cycles were applied per sample. Five periods (or lots) of toothbrushing had been performed, in a way that one sample of each group had been submitted to the brushing action at one position in the machine. The amount of weight loss for each sample was calculated by means of weighting (before and after toothbrushing), in an analytical balance with accuracy of millionth of gram. Roughness and MEV photomicrographies were also evaluated. The average rate of wear was of 2.8 mg for PMMA, 5.5 mg for A3-20s, 4.7 mg for A3-40 s, 5.4 for C4-20s, and 4,2 mg for C4-40s. One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference between groups (p = 0.166). The coefficient of variation between the groups was sufficiently similar. It was possible to conclude that difference of the resistance to the abrasive wear between the studied groups did not exist.

Visto que o esmalte erodido é mais susceptível ao desgaste pela abrasão por escovação, e considerando que os fluoretos (F), ou a combinação de fluoretos com o estanho (F+Sn), promove precipitados que são relativamente resistentes à escovação, o objetivo desse estudo foi o avaliar se o uso de enxaguatórios bucais fluoretados, contendo ou não estanho, previamente à escovação poderia reduzir a magnitude do desgaste do esmalte erodido. Adicionalmente, buscou-se verificar se o armazenamento em saliva artificial antes dos tratamentos influenciaria a perda de superfície do esmalte erodido. Cento e quarenta espécimes de esmalte (com 4mmx4mmx2mm) foram obtidos de incisivos bovinos, incluídos em resina acrílica, planificados, polidos e aleatoriamente alocados em 14 grupos experimentais (n=10), de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos, os quais foram aplicados imediatamente ou 30min após a erosão: controle- escovação com saliva artificial; E(F)- escovação com dentifrício F (1400 ppm F, como AmF); E+B(F)- escovação com o dentifrício F seguido de bochecho com um enxaguatório F (250 ppm F, como AmF e NaF); B+E(F)- bochecho com enxaguatório F seguido de escovação com dentifrício F; E(F+Sn)- escovação com dentifrício F+Sn (1400 ppm F, como AmF e NaF + 3500 ppm Sn, como SnCl2); E+B(F+Sn)- escovação com dentifrício F+Sn seguido de bochecho com enxaguatório F+Sn (500 ppm F, como AmF e NaF + 800 ppm Sn, como SnCl2); B+E(F+Sn)- bochecho com enxaguatório F+Sn seguido de escovação com dentifrício F+Sn. Os tratamentos foram testados em um modelo de erosão-abrasão, que consistia de 2min de imersão em solução de ácido cítrico a 0,3%, seguido de 60min de exposição a saliva artificial. Esse procedimento foi repetido 4x/dia, por 5 dias. Os tratamentos foram realizados imediatamente ou 30min após o primeiro e o último desafios erosivos. A escovação foi conduzida com escova elétrica, por 15s, com um período total de exposição à suspensão dentifrício/saliva artificial (1:3) de 2min. A exposição aos enxaguatórios foi feita por 30s. Ao final, a perda de superfície (PS, em ?m) foi determinada com um perfilômetro ótico. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados (?=0,05). Para os grupos com exposição à saliva antes dos tratamentos, a menor PS foi observada para B+E(F) e B+E(F+Sn), que obtiveram uma diferença significativa em relação ao controle, porém não em relação a E+B(F) e E+B(F+Sn). E+B(F), E+B(F+Sn) e os outros grupos não diferiram significativamente em relação ao controle. Para os grupos sem exposição à saliva, a menor PS foi observada para B+E(F) e B+E(F+Sn), sendo significativamente diferente do controle. Todos os outros grupos não exibiram PS diferente do controle. Para B+E(NaF), a menor PS foi observada na condição sem exposição à saliva antes dos tratamentos, e para E+B(Sn), a menor PS foi observada com exposição à saliva. Não houve diferença entre exposição ou não à saliva para os outros grupos. Conclui-se que, tanto para F como para F+Sn, o uso do enxaguatório antes da escovação foi capaz de reduzir o desgaste do esmalte erodido. A exposição à saliva antes da escovação somente mostrou um efeito benéfico para F+Sn quando a escovação foi realizada antes do enxaguatório. A combinação de F+Sn não apresentou resultado superior ao uso de apenas F. / Considering that the eroded enamel is more susceptible to be wear off by toothbrushing abrasion, and that fluoride, or the combination between fluoride and stannous, would induce precipitates that are relatively resistant to toothbrushing, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of fluoridated oral rinses, containing or not stannous, could reduce the magnitude of wear of the eroded enamel. In addition, it sought to verify if storage in artificial saliva before treatments would influence the loss of the eroded enamel. One hundred and forty enamel specimens (with 4mmx4mmx2mm) were cut from bovine incisors, embedded in acrylic resin, flattened, polished, and randomly allocated into 14 experimental groups (n=10), according to the following treatments, which were applied immediately or 30min after erosion: control- toothbrushing with artificial saliva; E(F)- toothbrushing with F dentifrice (1400 ppm F, as AmF); E+B(F)- toothbrushing with F dentifrice, followed by rinse with F solution (250 ppm F, as AmF and NaF); B+E(F)- rinse with F solution, followed by toothbrushing with F dentifrice; E(F+Sn)- toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice (1400 ppm F, as AmF and NaF + 3500 ppm Sn, as SnCl2); E+B(F+Sn)- toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice, followed by rinse with F+Sn solution (500 ppm F, as AmF and NaF + 800 ppm Sn, as SnCl2); B+E(F+Sn)- rinse with F+Sn solution, followed by toothbrushing with F+Sn dentifrice. The treatments were tested in an erosion-abrasion model, consisting of 2min immersion in 0.3% citric acid solution, followed by 60min exposure to artificial saliva. This procedure was repeated 4x/day, for 5 days. The treatments were performed immediately or 30min after the first and the last erosive challenges. Toothbrushing was performed with electric toothbrushes, for 15s, with a total exposure time to the dentifrice slurries (1:3) of 2 min. Exposure to the rinse solutions were performed for 30s. At the end of cycling, enamel surface loss (SL, in ?m) was measured by optical profilometry. Data were statiscally analyzed (?=0.05). For the groups with saliva exposure before treatments, the lowest SL was observed for B+E(F) and B+E(F+Sn), which were significantly different when compared to the control, but not in relation to E+B(F) and E+B(F+Sn). E+B(F), E+B(F+Sn) and the other groups did not significantly differ from the control. For the groups without saliva exposure, the lowest SL was observed for B+E(F) and B+E(F+Sn), being significantly different from the control. The other groups did not exhibit SL different from the control. For B+E(NaF), the lowest SL was observed without saliva exposure, and for +B(Sn), the lowest SL was observed with saliva exposure. There was no significantly difference between the conditions of exposure or not to saliva for the other groups. It was concluded that, either for F as for F+Sn, rinsing with a fluoridated solution before toothbrushing was able to reduce the wear of the eroded enamel. Saliva exposure before toothbrushing showed a positive effect only for F+Sn when toothbrushing was performed before the rinse. The combination of F+Sn did not present superior results to the use of only F.