Denna uppsats har till syfte att studera den debatt som uppstod efter den 9:e december, då en rapport om CIA:s användning av tortyr som del av kriget mot terrorismen släpptes. Detta sker igenom en kritisk diskursanalys av amerikansk media, specifikt med en metod kallad förklarande kritik, med fokus på vad politiker citeras säga och vad opinionsskribenter själva säger gör tortyr rätt eller fel att använda. Igenom analys av sådant material ges här både en inblick i de ställningstaganden som görs i debatten, där censur av rapporten bidrar till att en debatt där båda parter kan göra starka sanningsanspråk om effektivitet och politisering, samt även förklaringar av de pragmatiska och affektiva argument som används i media för att legitimera CIA:s tortyranvändning. / This essay has as its purpose to study the debate that occurred after the 9th of December, when a report about CIA’s use of torture as part of the war against terror was released. This is done through a critical discourse analysis of American media, specifically through a method called explanatory critique, focusing upon what politicians are cited to say, and what various opinion writers say make torture right or wrong to employ. Through analysis of such material, a glimpse is given into the positions that are taken in the debate, where redactions contribute to a debate where both parties can make strong claims of truth about efficacy and politisation, along with explanations of the pragmatic and emotional arguments used in media to legitimize CIA’s use of torture.

This dissertation seeks to delineate some of the fault lines of the disparate worldviews and assumptions that have polarized our national discourse, as well as the imbalances of power they support or disrupt. Building on previous case studies of ideologically oppositional political blogs, the dissertation examines thirty-nine key documents from the website torturingdemocracy.org, primarily legal memos written by Bush Administration lawyers (the “Torture Memos”), to analyze a rhetoric of torture that, as a subset of the war on terror, serves as a “ground zero” of political values and motivations. Further, it seeks to combine mixed methods of analysis from various disciplines to help reveal the underlying beliefs and values that inform current national discourse. The cross-disciplinary methods combine rhetorical, linguistic, and critical discourse analyses to examine and interrogate the language that created metaphorical and actual spaces in which torture was legalized, employed, and legitimated. Applying a grounded theory approach to Huckin’s four levels of linguisticgranularity--context, text, phrase, and word (including the use of concordancing software)--the research reveals the logical fallacies, faulty argumentation, slippery word usage, linguistic and rhetorical manipulations, and finally, authoritarian underpinnings that characterize the memos. The research further uncovers multiple strategies used to create the Other, such as Lazar and Lazar’s four micro-strategies of “outcasting” (criminalization, (e)vilification, orientalization, and enemy construction), and strategies of minimizing or maximizing the positive and negative traits of in-versus out-groups in van Dijk’s “ideological square.” The research shows how, in the language of the war on terror, words take on different, even opposite, meanings from previous significations, shifting the national debate about the legitimacy of torture as a hypothetical means of protection. Further, close examination reveals a different intent behind the memos than the purported defense of the country used repeatedly to justify torture. Findings illuminate the memos as the products of authoritarian followers who enabled what Altemeyer calls “double highs”—ideological social dominants with an authoritarian worldview--in a wide-reaching and largely successful bid for power. Lastly, the dissertation points to the need to further investigate and articulate an anti-authoritarian, social egalitarian worldview as a challenge to power structures that, enshrined in language, may constitute a serious threat to democracy. / The great divide -- Review of the literature -- Methods and methodology -- The scene, the agents, their agency and their purpose : conceptions of power and the torture debate -- Torture and the law -- Thirty-nine documents -- The "semantic tap-dance" : discursive, rhetorical and lexico-grammatical strategies in the torture memos -- Constructions of identity -- Constructing torture -- Analysis and conclusions. / Department of English

La saga Saw est une franchise qui a marqué le cinéma d’horreur des années 2000. Le présent mémoire tâchera d’en faire une étude détaillée et rigoureuse en utilisant la notion de jeu. En élaborant tout d’abord un survol du cinéma d’horreur contemporain et en observant la réception critique de la saga à travers l’étude de différents articles, ce travail tentera en majeure partie d’analyser la franchise Saw en rapport avec l’approche ludique du cinéma en général et celle adoptée par Bernard Perron. Cette étude, qui s’élaborera tant au niveau diégétique que spectatoriel, aura pour but de montrer l’importance de la place qu’occupe la notion de jeu dans cette série de films. / The Saw saga is a franchise that marked the horror film industry in the 2000’s. This report will try and give a thorough and detailled study while using the idea of a game. At the same time taking a cursory glance at contemporary horror films and observing how the critics were received by studying different articles. This assignment will in majority analyse the Saw saga using a recreational approach of movies in general as well as the one adopted by Bernard Perron. This study will be elaborated on a "diegetique" and "spectatoriel" level – the goal being to show the importance that games occupy in this film series.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Nursing) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-174). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Chris Ingelse. Bibliogr.; p. 383-397. Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Engels.

The crime of torture and other inhuman and cruel treatment Abstract This master thesis concerns itself with a concept of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and how is this concept perceived through the international, regional and last but not least national system of law. Not to mention particular efforts aiming at the eradication of torture and other forms of ill treatment in the context of all the systems of law mentioned above. At the very beginning I am trying to deal with very specific historical approaches towards the torture and other forms of ill treatment themselves. Through this I am trying to provide for more comprehensive view on the given problematics as well as better understanding of why are torture and other forms of ill treatment still subject to controversy. Following chapter is dedicated to legal anchoring of the prohibiton on torture and other forms of ill treatment, especially within the international and regional system of law including particular attempts to define torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment throughout these systems mentioned above. Next chapter concerns itself with the conception of prohibiton on torture and other forms of ill treatment as a part of the system of fundamental human rights and freedoms followed by thorough...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1102773 bytes, checksum: bc7ca72b78304b43f5b5b2c8ea88e24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Torture in Brazil is a procedure widely used by police and prison staff in places of detention, prisoners against the descendants of the poorest parts of the population and are the merits of the torturers torturers in a situation of physical inferiority and psicológica.remonta ancient historical periods, succeeding generations and deploying the terror victims. It is used as a means of investigation, to boot confession of the victim, and as punishment against a suspect or criminal. Although there is extensive legislation (treaties, conventions, etc..) Prohibiting torture, the same can not be said with the law, since it is a crime that goes unpunished in the Brazilian reality. Intensified during the military dictatorship, persists even in spite of democracy and the Constitution of 1988. Thus does the need to combat the crime of torture strictly through preventive quoting the external monitoring of penal institutions in order to intimidate the tormentors, denouncing them. Who creates a system of regular visits to detention facilities is the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture, so that they are carried out unannounced visits and regularly. The aim of this study is to analyze visits to detention centers for Prison Pastoral da Paraíba, in order to prevent torture, to make recommendations to the authorities to improve prison conditions, denouncing injustice etc. In Paraíba, this work takes place in all jails in Joao Pessoa, and the main cities, as Guarabira, Campina Grande, Patos etc. However, the visits are conducted with prior notice. So it is up to Brazil to ratify the Optional Protocol and to defend the designation of the Prison Ministry as the national preventive mechanism for its tradition in visits to penal institutions, their functional independence and political organization, etc... / A tortura no Brasil é um procedimento muito utilizado por policiais e agentes penitenciários nos locais de detenção contra presos descendentes das parcelas pobres da população e que estejam à mercê dos algozes torturadores, numa situação de inferioridade física e psicológica. Remonta a períodos históricos antigos, persistindo por várias gerações e implantando o terror nas vítimas. É utilizada como meio de investigação, para arrancar a confissão da vítima, e como castigo, contra suspeito ou criminoso. Embora exista uma vasta legislação (tratados, convenções etc.) proibindo a tortura, o mesmo não se pode dizer com a jurisprudência, vez que é um crime que permanece impune na realidade brasileira. Intensificada durante a Ditadura Militar, persiste mesmo a despeito da democracia e da Constituição Federal de 1988. Desta forma, faz-se necessário combater terminantemente o crime de tortura, através de medidas legislativas, administrativas e judiciais. No entanto, deve-se dar enfoque às medidas preventivas, como o monitoramento externo aos estabelecimentos penais, visando intimidar as torturadores, denunciá-los. Quem cria um sistema de visitas regulares aos centros de detenção é o Protocolo Facultativo à Convenção contra a Tortura, de modo que sejam realizadas visitas sem aviso prévio e regularmente. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as visitas aos centros de detenção da Paraíba pela Pastoral Carcerária, no intuito de prevenir a tortura, fazer recomendações às autoridades para a melhoria das condições prisionais, denunciar as injustiças etc. Na Paraíba, este labor se realiza em todos os presídios de João Pessoa, e nas principais cidades, como Guarabira, Campina Grande, Patos etc. No entanto, as visitas são realizadas com aviso prévio. Portanto, cabe ao Brasil ratificar o Protocolo Facultativo e defender a designação da Pastoral Carcerária como mecanismo nacional preventivo, por sua tradição nas visitas aos estabelecimentos penais, sua independência funcional e política, sua organização.

This article explores the short but intense history of the word terruco, a colloquial term which is used as a substitute for terrorist. In particular, the article aims to show that the use of terruco as an insult, although originally aimed at members of groups in arms, contributed decisively during the years of the dirty war and even in recent times, to stigmatize sectors of the Peruvian population, including defenders of human rights, relatives of those detained and other victims of political violence, and in general persons of Indian origin. Its frequent use in torture sessions and episodes of sexual assault added an additional dimension to the connection between the term terruco and generalized forms of abuse and violence which were considered by many Peruvians as necessary and even legitimate during the years of internal armed conflict. / Este artículo explora la breve pero intensa historia de la palabra terruco, un término coloquial que se usa como sustituto de terrorista. En particular, se intenta demostrar que el uso de terruco como un insulto, aunque en principio dirigido a los miembros de los grupos alzados en armas, contribuyó decisivamente, durante los años de la guerra sucia e incluso en tiempos más recientes, a estigmatizar a distintos sectores de la población peruana, incluyendo a defensores de derechos humanos, familiares de detenidos y otras víctimas de la violencia política, y personas de origen indígena en general. Su uso recurrente en sesiones de tortura y en episodios de violación sexual añade una dimensión adicional a la conexión entre el término terruco y la práctica generalizada de formas de abuso y violencia que fueron consideradas, por muchos peruanos, necesarias y hasta legítimas durante los años del conflicto armado interno

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Eder Mendes de Paula.pdf: 1147844 bytes, checksum: a5e81cbee29bc126eafcb660cbc5500c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-08 / The Teacher Adauto Botelho, Psychiatric hospital, was constructed in Goiânia in 1954. After its opening a new category becomes part of Goiás society and help in identifying the normal behavior. The mad in Goiás were used during the process of modernization experienced from 1930, consolidated after two decades. However, the connexion between the madman, the madness and normality happens in a conflictual and violent form in different historical contexts, in this dissertation, the focus will be in the period of military dictatorship. It is through the footprints of a Polish, Pawel Gutko and your involvements with the ex- governator Mauro Borges, that we trying analysing the representations about the madman and madness in Goiás through the micro-history. After his prison, torture and hospitalization during 1964, when the servicemen get the power in Brazil, conjecture about the several contexts that are formed with the past, the construction of patterns of behaviors considered normal and abnormal. / O Hospital Psiquiátrico Profº. Adauto Botelho foi construído em Goiânia no ano de 1954. Após a sua inauguração uma categoria passa a fazer parte da sociedade goiana e auxiliar no processo de definição do comportamento normal. Os loucos em Goiás foram utilizados durante o processo de modernização vivenciado a partir dos anos de 1930 e consolidados duas décadas depois. No entanto, a relação entre o louco, a loucura e normalidade se dá de forma conflituosa e violenta nos diversos contextos históricos, no que tange essa dissertação o foco se dará no período do regime militar. É através dos rastros de um polonês radicado de guerra, Pawel Gutko e de seu envolvimento com o ex-governador Mauro Borges, que se procura analisar as representações em torno do louco e da loucura em Goiás através da micro-história. A partir de sua prisão, tortura e internação durante o ano de 1964 após os militares tomarem o poder no Brasil vislumbra-se, no diversos contextos que se formam com o passado, a construção dos padrões de comportamento considerados normais e anormais.

This study aims to examine the trajectory of sex offenders through the Lebanese criminal justice system while highlighting various human rights violations. It attempts to fill in the gaps within the literature through building on the existing research and by examining the processes and experiences of arrest, detention, court, prison and release. Recently, numerous scholars have argued that most criminal justice systems are following a popular punitive trend rather than focusing on rehabilitation. This study through its focus on human rights violations, participants attitudes and beliefs as well as issues of rehabilitation and treatment of prisoners firmly places Lebanon within the global trend of popular punitiveness. Seventy-three interviews were carried out with sex offenders, police officers, prison guards, judges and lawyers within Lebanon. These qualitative interviews captured criminal justice professionals and offenders experiences, attitudes and perceptions surrounding sex offending and the criminal justice system. The thematic analysis of the interviews specifically focused on uncovering how sex offenders moved through and were dealt with by the Lebanese criminal justice system. Human rights violations were found to be abundant at the various stages of the criminal justice system. Participants highlighted events such as the excessive use of torture within police stations as well as prisons, the use of forced confessions, and the lack of legal representation. Numerous factors were found to play a role in conceding the copious violations of sex offenders rights occurring at the various stages of the criminal justice system. These factors included corruption, the lack of accountability, police culture, the commonly held belief that offenders are undeserving of human rights, the lack of training, and religion. In investigating the structure and the functioning of the criminal justice system, it became evident that religion played a vital role. Religion dictated professionals positions within the criminal justice system and influenced participants beliefs and attitudes surrounding sex offenders. Because of its influence, religion played a vital role in paving the way for the re-occurrence of human right violations. For example, religion granted the criminalisation of homosexuality and the act of de-virginizing as well as legalising marital rape, all of which result in human rights violations. In order to move Lebanon, and other punitive countries, towards a more rehabilitative criminal justice approach, this study highlights the importance of training, change in legislation, as well as the separation of religion from law.