The study is started from the discussion about the particularities of the provision of tourist services that lead to the construction of the special section in the new Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania intended to impose special provisions for this contract for the provision of remunerative services. Main legal acts that regulate the provision of tourist services in Lithuania are analyzed. Flied of regulation of these legal acts, most important provisions, their evolution, objectives, interconnections between national, international law and law of the European Union are discussed. A lot of attention is paid to the topic of the unfair terms in the contract for the provision of tourist services. Legal acts are discussed in the light of the related topicalities and decisions of the courts in the field of the provision of tourist services.

Climate and weather have a major influence over seasonality in nature-based tourism by determining the availability and quality of certain outdoor recreational activities (Butler, 2001). Climate and weather act as central motivators involved in the travel decisions of tourists (Mintel International Group, 1991; Kozak, 2002). Climate as an attraction is also an integral component considered in destination choice among tourists (Lohmann and Kaim, 1999; Hamilton and Lau, 2005; Gössling et al. 2006). Due to the relationship between climate, weather and outdoor recreation, climate change is expected to have a direct impact on park visitation and camper decision-making (Jones and Scott, 2006a; 2006b). This study contributes to the understanding of weather sensitivity for different tourism segments across varying climate zones world-wide which can contribute to more informed park tourism planning and climate change adaptation in Ontario. Using a survey-based approach, this study identified and compared the stated weather preferences and weather related decision-making of campers from two different provincial parks in Ontario. The two provincial parks selected as case studies, based on differing park characteristics and perceived climatic requirements, were Pinery and Grundy Lake. Statistically significant differences (at the 95 percent confidence level) were observed in stated weather preferences and weather related decision-making, based on differences in respondent characteristics. Most notably, activity participation, length of planned stay and age of the respondent had the most significant and widespread effect on weather preferences and camper decision-making. Temperature preferences between the two parks were strikingly similar. However, differences in weather related decision-making were statistically significant showing campers at Pinery to be more sensitive to weather than those at Grundy Lake. Overall, parks that are more beach-oriented, closer to tourism generating areas and are characterised by visitors with shorter than average lengths of stay, are likely to be the most sensitive to weather variability. As such, it will be most important for parks that rely on similar tourism generating markets and share similar park characteristics as Pinery, to place a greater planning emphasis on climate change adaptation, as these parks are likely to be most affected by the impact of climate change on park visitation in Ontario. Climatic warming was not perceived by campers as a major threat to park visitation in Ontario. Instead, heavy rain, strong winds and unacceptably cool temperatures were the most influential weather variables in relation to camper decision-making. In response to the perceived threat of heavy rain and strong winds to camping in Ontario, and in association with projected increases pertaining to the frequency and intensity of these weather events under climate change, a number of recommendations have been made, which could be implemented by Ontario Parks in an effort to reduce camper vulnerability to extreme weather and improve overall trip satisfaction.

Mass tourism being on the agenda of world tourism industry since post war period, has been facing stagnation with late 80&rsquo / s. Additionally consumer&rsquo / s preferences and tendencies towards seeking new activities regardless of sea-sun-sand type of tourism have been started to change. Therefore popular tourist destinations are in a position where to develop alternative tourist activities to sustain their market shares in world tourism market. In compliance with this trend, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the need and the reason of Turkish Tourism Industry moving away from concentrating merely on mass tourism and accordingly to evaluate the efforts of Turkish tourism authorities in diversifying tourism activities and extending the tourist season to year round with reference to Tourism Development Regions, Amendment of Tourism Encouragement Law, etc. Additionally the importance of focusing on cultural, historical, traditional identity and unique assets of Turkey in order to sustain its ranking in the international tourism market is stressed.

This thesis is a guidebook to the complex networks of representations in the Cob Mayan Jungle Adventure and Cob Mayan Village tours in Mexicos Mayan Riviera. Sold to tourists as opportunities to encounter an authentic Mayan culture and explore the ancient ruins at Cob, these excursions exemplify the crossroads at which touristic and Western scientific discourses construct a Mayan Other, and can therefore be scrutinized as staged post-colonial encounters mediated by scriptural and performative economies: the Museum of Maya Culture (Castaneda) and the scenario of discovery (Taylor). Tourist and Maya are not discrete identities but rather inter-related performances: the Maya become mysterious and jungle-connected while the tourist plays the modernized adventurer/discoverer. However, the tours foundations ultimately crumble due to uncanny and partial representations. As the roles and narratives that present the Maya as indigenous Other fracture, so too do those that construct the tourist as authoritative consumer of cultural differentiation.

Travel is the stuff of dreams. But its facilitation or impediment is the reality of commerce and governments and their manipulation by marketing and political considerations. This thesis examines how travel journalism can maintain responsibility to a 'private' tourist audience in the 'public' tourism sphere. Travel journalism is not only an under-researched area, but provides an important site to study the role of public interest information for a consumer audience participating in a sometimes culturally and politically dangerous activity. The reporting of travel by mainstream newspapers concentrates on the travel dream, while the tourism industry, described as the largest in the world, receives little scrutiny by society's guardians of democracy. This thesis examines literature from the fields of journalism, sociology and marketing to highlight the private tourist audience desires and the measures that commercial and government travel enterprises employ to reach consumers through public relations influence over journalism entities and practitioners. This study also emphasises the public nature of tourism and the risks it presents to tourists to examine how travel journalism, as a responsible moral practice, should address its audience. A content analysis was conducted on a sample of Australian newspaper travel journalism to provide a description of international travel coverage. More specifically it revealed the characteristics of travel articles that provide public interest information to move the private tourist audience to engage in the public tourism sphere as an active citizenship.

The impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is a significant issue in today's tourism industry. The development of the internet has made information easily accessible to consumers, and has therefore established a direct link between consumers and suppliers. As a result, traditional travel distribution channels are changing rapidly. A major feature of this change is "disintermediation", with principals such as airlines, hotels and rental car chains bypassing intermediaries and sell directly to consumers. Travel agents (TAs) are considered to be particularly vulnerable to this process. ICTs have the potential to replace their core competencies, which include transaction processing (ticketing and settlement) and information provision (raw product information provided by suppliers).This thesis focuses on the impact of ICTs on the TA sector, and specifically on the New Zealand TA case. A theoretical approach based on regulation theory combined with a mixed method approach was used to investigate the main issues in New Zealand. The research included a case study to identify the principal issues and trends in the TA sector, in-depth interviews with TAs and industry specialists to refine the main issues and allow the formulation of some theoretical assumptions, in-depth interviews with consumers regarding the role of TAs in the internet era and the quality of service they provide, and a fully-structured, national on-line survey of TAs to verify the assumptions made in the earlier interviews and test the applicability of the post-Fordism model for the New Zealand TA sector.Based on the findings, it is argued that disintermediation is particularly pronounced in the relationship between airlines and travel agents. To minimise the risk of disintermediation and improve business performance, TAs need to reposition themselves and review their core strategies to compete efficiently in the changing business environment. The thesis reveals that consumers perceive TAs as mainly "transaction facilitators". Nevertheless the thesis show that process of "reintermediation" is a reality for some New Zealand TAs.An application of regulation theory to the New Zealand TA case reveals that in its traditional form, the regulation theory cannot explain the complexities found in the modern TA environment. The thesis reveals several distinct modes in TA perceptions of their business environment and their survival strategies, which indicates a heterogeneous, clustered population. A "formula for success" is developed for TAs in New Zealand. In this respect, TAs that perceive ICT as a strategic tool and are orientated towards consumers appear to have a business advantage.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Detroit Mercy, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-85).

No description available.

This PhD by publication draws on a range of publications from the last five years. These books, papers and chapters explore tourist motivation and experiences in a range of contemporary contexts. The body of work moves from mainstream discussion around sustainability and slow tourism in the tourist decision making process to the use of visual media to explore, understand and co-create tourist spaces, investigating related tourist subcultures and counter-cultural destinations. In particular the work focuses on Urban Exploration and, later, on cold war sites. My papers consider both tourist decision making in relation to planned visits, and the subsequent publication of images of places which have been visited. The work considers authenticity and visuality as components of the dissatisfaction with modern tourism, and the experiences it offers, I argue that this dissatisfaction is driving tourists to understand, engage with and experience tourist sites in new ways, seeking liminality and embodiment within the tourist experience. The study will develop this analysis through four key areas:  A clarification of the role of tourism within advanced societies and as a multidisciplinary field of research.  An evaluation of authenticity, visuality and urban exploration  A critical review of tourist consumption, prosumption and co-creation  A review of the methodologies adopted through the papers submitted for this PhD by publication to explore the mixed-method approaches to data collection and the centrality of visual methodologies and discourses in understanding tourism and tourism geography. An exploration of the role of real and virtual experiences in deconstructing and reconstructing urban tourist experiences to evaluate the factors which influence and inform tourist decision making.

Congress tourism represents one of the most dynamically evolving areas of the travel industry. Over the course of several years the Czech Republic has become a very important congress destination not only in Europe but on a wordwide basis. Some of the positive aspects of the Czech Republic as a congress destination are its attractiveness as a tourist destination, its well-developed infrastructure, its perfect position in Europe (the heartbeat of Europe) and the security of the Central European region. All this means that the Czech Rebublic has all the presumptions to become a major congress destination. The target of this work is to refer to the particular business of the tourist trade and to analyse the accounting of a given corporation. The theoretical part of the work is given to the specific topics of the accounnting. It is clear that accounting is a very wide field so for this work was chosen the most interesting aspects of the subject. The practical part is focused on accounting and taxes methods that Congress Center XY uses to provide the veritable information about its economic situation. These methods were demonstrated on the basis of practical cases that turned up through the year 2009.