This paper presents the designing process of Tourist Guiding app on iPhone. This app aims for assisting tourists to schedule their trip plan in detail. The designing process consisted of three phases: research, interface design, user evaluation. In order to focus on user-centered  research, two methods were carried out questionnaire survey, interview with participants. After the research was done, the results of research were analyzed and summarized so that the potential requirements were collected. Those requirements would decide the inclusive features of this app, such as navigation,plan a trip,search for transportation.  Meanwhile, the interfaces of this app were designed on the platform: Photoshop. Lastly, the paper prototype's evaluation was conducted with four participants. The valuable feedbacks was given and the improvements of the interfaces were done.

Guidebooks are argued to be significant elements of the tourism infrastructure (Koshar, 1998), influencing the perception of destinations and the travel practices of millions of tourists (Gilbert, 1999). Guidebooks have been depicted as mediators, interpreters, and communicators of place and people, yet the examination of these texts as part of tourism has received little attention in the academic literature. There are few studies focusing on what information guidebooks are presenting to tourists (Bhattacharyya, 1997; Lew, 1991; McGregor, 2000). <br /><br /> In pursuit of cultural, environmental, and leisure experiences, tourists are going all over the world and there is increasing concern over the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts of this activity. Information on these impacts can be found in academic literature and government reports, but rarely is it presented to tourists. <br /><br /> The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe how travel guidebooks communicate information on socio-cultural, environmental, and other destination specific issues. The republic of Peru was the case study area for this research. <br /><br /> Destination data was collected through interviews with tourism representatives in Perú, Destination Management Organisation (DMO) website analysis, and participant observation. This data was analysed to provide a coding scheme for the current issues and impacts in Peru relating to tourism. This coding scheme was used to analyse the content of the most commonly used commercial guidebooks for Peru (Lonely Planet, South American Handbook, Rough Guide) to understand if and how guidebooks are addressing current issues in Peru tourism. <br /><br /> Qualitative content analysis of destination data resulted in 29 emergent categories which were evaluated based on theme distributions (socio-cultural, environmental, and other) and source information. Categories were grouped based on importance values to allow for further examination of the main issues and impacts involved in Peru tourism. <br /><br /> Qualitative analysis of guidebook content resulted in 4 additional categories for a total of 33 items. This was followed by quantitative analysis of guidebook content to better understand theme distributions, statement types, marketing communication types, and relationships with original category intentions. Guidebook content was organised into groups based on importance values and compared with the importance groups found in the destination data to determine differences in category relevance. <br /><br /> The implications of this research in presenting information to tourists are discussed in terms of their relevance to socio-cultural and environmental interpretation, marketing and communication theory, and responsible tourism. Similarities and differences found in comparing destination and guidebook data are examined. Findings and discussions based on this research indicate that the role of the guidebook is multi-dimensional. These texts, juxtaposed between host and guest, mediate and interpret ecological, cultural, and social information. Findings of this research suggest that though guidebooks are involved in persuasive messaging which raises issues of power and representation, guidebooks are the only popular tourist information source in Peru attempting to influence tourists to reduce cultural and environmental impacts. This discussion is followed by suggestions for future research in this area.

The intent of this research was to identify the effectiveness of a destination brand as determined by international tourists visiting the destination. The Caribbean can be viewed as a homogeneous region to many individuals seeking sun, sand, and sea; therefore, product differentiation is essential. Destination branding represents and distinguishes a country among competing nations. This concurrent mixed methods study set forth to investigate the effectiveness of the Saint Lucia destination brand. The following objectives underlie this research: i) to explore how the current destination brand was chosen, ii) to evaluate tourists’ perceptions and images of the destination, iii) to explore the relationship between tourists’ perceptions and destination choice, and iv) to evaluate the extent to which the destination brand influenced destination choice. The research findings indicate a lack of awareness concerning the new destination brand. A lack of brand communication and insufficient exposure has been detrimental to the overall success of the destination brand. A conceptual model for the development process of a destination brand was suggested to enhance destination brand effectiveness. The six essential stages include market research, destination image, targeting and positioning, brand identity, communication of the brand, and continuous monitoring and evaluation throughout. It is recommended to engage in monitoring and improvement initiatives of the brand to better gauge its effectiveness; to enhance exposure of the brand through effective niche marketing initiatives that showcase the diversity and unique attributes of Saint Lucia; and finally, to work towards transforming the destination brand into a national brand.

In this thesis, I contemplate the ecotourism in theory and in practice. I use the case study of a solid waste crisis (2002-2004) in Tortuguero, Costa Rica, a turtle tourism destination, to explore: the consumptive nature of ecotourism, tourist perceptions of the environment, ecotourism aesthetics, local resistance to ecotourism development, local perceptions of ecotourism's environmental impacts, and the future of ecotourism. I used mixed methods including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and on-site surveys to collect data. I conducted mainly qualitative analysis (thematic coding; adapted grounded theory) influenced by political ecology, environmental justice, resistance studies, tourism studies, and the geography of tourism. My use of environmental justice concepts to frame the solid waste crisis in Tortuguero, and the application of key concepts from Scott's (1981) Weapons of the Weak to local behavior and narratives both represent fairly novel applications in an ecotourism context. I attempted to move beyond a restricted case study by emphasizing characteristics shared between Tortuguero and other sites, in the hopes of contributing towards efforts to inject new theoretical applications into tourism studies. This case study reveals the consumptive side of ecotourism, and the analysis of tourist survey responses highlights the central role of aesthetics in ecotourism. This project challenges simplistic portrayals of ecotourism as 'benevolent and benign' (e.g. by highlighting its consumptive impacts and related injustices), and of ecotourists as more aware and altruistic than mass tourists (e.g. by presenting a heterogeneous group of respondents who none the less, stress aesthetics). It updates existing literature on Tortuguero by presenting data on tourist and local perceptions of Tortuguero, and by suggesting explanations for divergent perceptions of the park's role in ecotourism, for example. The evidence that I present of local resistance and waste-related injustices suggest that despite its high profile reputation, multimillion dollar annual revenues, improved local standards of living, and green turtle conservation successes, critical details and key voices have largely been 'left out of the story of ecotourism in Tortuguero'. I hope that his study contributes to encouraging the culture of 'greater ecotourism realism' that is needed in order to move forward. / Dissertation

Since the two side of SEF and ARATS started the meeting again in Beijing in JUN 13th 2008, completed two issues of both weekend Direct air links between Taiwan and China and the people visit Taiwan from mainland, in july 4,2008, the first group came to Taiwan as tourists from mainland. Those tourists, not only bring lots of good business but also been very helpful to our sightseeing industrial Because of those reasons, I decided to discuss : 1.what are the real effects to our tourist business by allowing tourists from mainland? 2. which parts of Taiwan are really gets benefits from them? So in this thesis, only discuss the international tourist hotels. we find out lots of ideas by survey from the internet and, and also understand what the government think about the policy of allowing tourists from mainland by developed of passed issues and policy. The international tourist hotels are the most been helped and gets benefits in this situation by allowing tourists from mainland, we found out the increase of room average, at the same time, hotel stuffs also got the strong feeling about tourists from china bring lots of benefits to them, although they also bring lots of problems in rooms, food and language, but we still found out more benefits than that in this issue. we hope Kaohsiung will become the biggest model of all by allowing tourists from china, and by the changing of the government policy, make the flight in both come and out in Kaohsiung become regular, we believe in the future of Kaohsiung tourist business will be better, not only the hotels been helped but also the economic of Kaohsiung will be better.

While the lack of publicly available literatures examining the applications of managerial accounting information in service organizations, this study uses the international tourist hotel as an example to determine the relationship between managerial accounting information, the organization, strategies and business performance. Multi-national comparison is another important issue of this paper. As background the paper cited a popular text by Horngren and Sundem (1999), which delineated three types of managerial accounting information: scorekeeping, attention directing, and problem solving. The purposes of the study present as follows: 1.Have an outlook of managerial accounting information exercising in international tourist hotels in the Netherlands and Taiwan. 2.To analyze the effects of organization characteristics and strategies on managerial accounting information and business performance. 3.Through multi-national case comparison, both countries could see the differences of managerial accounting information exercising between each other and the reasons behind. Both countries can use them as a reference for future operating improvement. This study interviewed four international tourist hotels in the Netherlands and Taiwan. To minimize the interference from international chain hotels on decision makings, the target of case research hotels were all focused on independent operated, belonged to the range of 4 to 5 stars. The results of these case studies suggest: 1.Due to the differences of multi-national environment and accounting regulations, the international tourist hotels in the Netherlands and Taiwan exercise different degrees of managerial accounting information. 2.The result partly proved that international tourist hotels need sufficient managerial accounting information to cooperate with Cost Leadership Strategy. 3.The hotels emphasizing corperate governance attach more importance to managerial accounting information. Besides, the accounting sections within these companies are usually more professional operated. 4.The hotels in the Netherlands which follow Differentiation Strategy need abundant accounting information to support decision makings; while those hotels in Taiwan usually rely on the rich experiences of top managers to make decisions. There is no significant relationship between managerial accounting information and Differentiation Strategy in Taiwanese hotels. 5.In the Netherlands, relevant relationship was observed between managerial accounting information and business performance; whereas there is no direct conclusion for Taiwanese hotels.

International tourist hotel industry has becoming a professional management domain nowadays. Due to the increasingly fierce competition, hotels must develop ways to attract customers by meeting their market requirements and preferences, rather than waiting passively for the customers to come. With data mining technology, the hotels can facilitate the discovered characteristics of potential customers to make the right marketing strategies and decisions by targeting at specific groups of customers. Behind the consumers¡¦ behaviors, there are usually indicators for special consuming requirements. However, by browsing the business transaction data, one can usually learn only the consuming requirement volume and is unable to determine the implied and hidden information. This research makes use of data mining technology to explore the customers¡¦ historical data. Specifically, it applies the discovered decision rule to investigate and validate the characteristics of potentially customers ¡X customers who are more likely to book rooms of higher rate. We apply the data mining techniques to the transactional data of a hotel, collected over three years. Our research reveals that there exist characteristics rules for the potential customers and these rules do not change abruptly over the years. The application of these rules to target advertising in hotel domain is verified using the hotel transaction data collected in the subsequent year. The result shows that by targeting at customers of the discovered characteristics rules, higher response rate can be achieved.

How potential tourists sort out intriguing resorts or wherever could fulfill their necessities among all the tourism destinations, it¡¦s what tourism marketers eager to know and their intention to guide the tourists. In terms of touristic necessities, besides the general factors such as distance, timing, traffic ways and the cost, tourists would more and more value the image and slant on resorts while choosing tourism destination. They would decide where they want to go by acquiring more information about the credit and image of the resorts, and determine whether they would travel there again by the hands-on traveling experiences and impression. This study has at fist referred to some relevant literatures about the tourists¡¦ impressions and slants on the tourism destination and the segmental marketing, then based on the resources and attributes of Moalin national scenic area to build up measurement and questionnaire for traveling image, so as to carry positive investigation around Taiwan and base on non-residents¡¦ impression for Moalin to segmentalize its potential tourism market. There were totally 900 questionnaires issued and 666 were returned (the valid returning rate was 78%). Then by factor analysis, the images and slants of scenic resorts were divided into four constructs, including ¡§natural landscapes¡¨, ¡§history and culture¡¨, ¡§social environment¡¨ and ¡§agricultural and forestry leisured activity¡¨. Furthermore, the imagery factors of resorts were used to be variables of market segmentation and the potential tourist market was divided into 3 factorial segments as factors of ¡§traveling experiences¡¨, ¡§motives for traveling¡¨ and ¡§cognition on impediments to traveling¡¨. The factors of motives for traveling were especially extracted by factor analysis and ramified into 8 clusters such as factors of ¡§enjoying touring experience¡¨, ¡§molding peaceful temperament¡¨, ¡§calling out friends¡¨, ¡§work-out for health¡¨; as well as the four factors for cognition on impediments to traveling such as ¡§experience and safety¡¨, ¡§travel-mate¡¨, ¡§substantial reasons¡¨ and ¡§environment and equipment¡¨. The author also used traveling images, demographic variables and some relevant data about traveling experiences to describe the characteristic and difference among those market segmentations. In the end, the results were sorted out and described according to the characteristic and difference among those market segmentations, so as to work out suggestions for marketing strategies as reference for relevant industries and tourism agency to choose adequate niche market and efficient market strategy.

In this thesis, I have made use of Consumer Strategic Procedure of E-K-B model to study Leisure Farm Tourists ¡V their tour motivation as well as factors that influence their choice of place ¡V to enable the owners of these leisure farms to make suitable changes in order to attract more tourists. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to discuss and analyze the effect of ¡§tour motivation¡¨ and ¡§choice evaluation¡¨ on ¡§tour motivation¡¨, ¡§information search behavior¡¨, and ¡§choice evaluation norm¡¨ respectively ¡V their characters and differences. The questionnaire design for this study is targeted toward grown up individual. A total of 301 valid questionnaires have been collected. Using statistical analysis methods such as Factor analysis, Discriminant analysis, Cluster analysis, One-way ANOVA and Chi-square method, I have examined the data collected and have reached the following conclusions: &#x00D8; The frequency of tourists visiting leisure farms during the past 2 years was very low, plus the duration of stay in these places almost never exceeded 2 days. &#x00D8; From the result of Factor Analysis on Tourist¡¦s tour motivation we have generated the following 5 compositions ¡V ¡§Human Relationship and Ability Development¡¨, ¡§Physical and Psychological Relaxation and Recuperation¡¨, ¡§Continuous Learning and Development¡¨, ¡§Individual and Spiritual Quest¡¨ and ¡§Relationship Building¡¨. From Information Search Behavior we generated another 3 composition ¡V ¡§Fanatic Information Gatherer¡¨, ¡¨Experience Guided¡¨ and ¡§Last minute gatherer¡¨. From Source of Information we have ¡V ¡§Mass Media¡¨, ¡§Consultants¡¨, and ¡§Professional tour guide¡¨. From Choice Evaluation Norm we generated another 5 compositions ¡V those who care about the environment, those families who enjoy nature and outings, those who like to stay away from the crowd, those who loves danger and excitement, and finally those who love to experience new lifestyle. &#x00D8; Depending on tour motivation of the tourist we have dissected the leisure farm tourist into 3 group, and according to their nature we have named them as thus: &#x00B2; High tour motivation type: this type of tourists has displayed high degree of motivation in all type of compositions and their degree of motivation is significantly higher than those of the other two types. &#x00B2; Moderate tour motivation type: this type of tourists didn¡¦t display any type of strong dislike or like to any of the above-mentioned compositions. &#x00B2; Low tour motivation type: this type when compared with other two types of tourists has shown low degree of tour motivation. &#x00D8; According to tourists¡¦ degree of loyalty towards the choice of destination, we have divided them into four groups: &#x00B2; Unconcerned Type: this type of tourist doesn¡¦t show much interest to the attractive features of destination. &#x00B2; Environmental Type: this type of tourists pays attention to environmental factors, facilities available, family entertainment and natural beauty. &#x00B2; Scrutinizing Type: this type of tourists is very particular about each and every aspect of the attractive features of the destination. &#x00B2; Daring and adventurous Type: needless to say this type of tourists are all out for a different lifestyle and seek danger and adventure. &#x00D8; Even in searching for information, source of information and selection criteria, the three groups under the Tour motivation category exhibit substantial difference - the High tour motivation type pays a lot more attention to the quantity of information collected, reliability of source of information and attractive features of choice of destination than the other two types. But in case of demographic distribution and tour behavior there aren¡¦t any notable differences between the three groups. The four group under the selection norm category shows differences when analyzed statistically in factors such as tour motivations, information search behavior, sources of information, age, family life cycle, individual income, etc. ¡V those tourists under the Daring and adventurous Type are younger, single or married but doesn¡¦t have any children and not so high income earner. As for those tourists under the Environmental Type, they are more matured, married and have children 6 years or older and monthly income is more than 50,000 NTD. There isn¡¦t any notable difference in

<p>Den globala turismnäringen har kommit att bli en av världens mest lukrativa branscher. Hundratusentals svenskar turistar i Thailand varje år. Vad representerar Thailand i turistens ögon? Hur ser turisten på sig själv i förhållande till det han/hon möter och hur förhåller sig turisten till det lokala och globala? Uppsatsen utgår från en kritisk hållning till fenomenet turism. Teorier om Postkolonialism och Orientalism samt kritisk turismforskning blir därmed centrala i förståelsen av det undersökta materialet. Materialet som studeras i uppsatsen innefattas av resdagboksinlägg från hemsidan <em>Resdagboken.se</em>. Som metod används den kritiska diskursanalysen.</p><p>Materialet visar på vissa specifika teman; ”Det trygga äventyret”, ”Att inte vara som alla andra turister”, ”Sol, bad konsumtion och lättja”, ”Erotik”, samt ”Tilltalet till dem där hemma”. Genom belysandet av turismens bakomliggande strukturer och hur man genom det skrivna ordet uttrycker föreställningar om andra och sig själv, försöker författaren till uppsatsen bredda förståelsen för turismen som global företeelse.</p>