The ability to produce force rapidly has the potential to directly influence sprinting performance through changes in stride length and stride frequency. This ability is commonly referred to as the rate of force development (RFD). For this reason, many elite sprinters follow a combined program consisting of resistance training and sprint training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the strength, endocrine and body composition adaptations that occur during distinct phases of a block periodized training cycle in a 400 m Olympic level sprinter. The athlete is an elite level 400 m male sprinter (age 31 years, body mass: 74 kg, years of training: 15 and Personal Best (PB): 45.65 s). This athlete completed four distinct training phases of a block periodized training program (16 weeks) with five testing sessions consisting of testosterone:cortisol (T/C) profiles, body composition, vertical jump, and maximum strength testing. Large fluctuations in T/C were found following high volume training and the taper. Minor changes in body mass were observed with an abrupt decrease following the taper which coincided with a small increase in fat mass percentage. Jump height (5.7%), concentric impulse (9.4%), eccentric impulse (3.4%) and power ratio (18.7%) all increased substantially from T1 to T5. Relative strength increased 6.04% from T1 to T5. Lastly, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of a competitive taper in increasing physiological markers for performance as well as dynamic performance variables. Block periodization training was effective in raising the physical capabilities of an Olympic level 400 m runner which have been shown to directly transfer to sprinting performance.

The problem of the study was to determine the better predictors of sprint performance for male and female sprinters from selected leg power and isokinetic strength tests. Ten male and five female sprinters volunteered to be measured for vertical jump performance, anaerobic power and capacity, peak isokinetic torque at the hip, knee, and ankle joint, and sprint performance. A forward stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to allow selection from all strength and power variables regressed on the dependent variables of 30 meters, 60 meters, and flying 30 meter sprints. This procedure allowed one to examine the contribution of each predictor variable to the regression model. Only the independent variables that elicited a regression equation significant at the .05 level were used in final regression models. The regression models developed for the males were: 30 meters (crouch start) = 6.115 - .083(anaerobic power) - .055(vertical jump) - .044(plantarflex 120"/s) - .022(knee flex 60'/s); 60 meters (crouch start) = 11.111 - .145(vertical jump) - .086 (anaerobic power) - .172(hip flex 300'/s) - .098(knee flex 60'/s); and 30 meters (flying start) = 4.295- .055(anaerobic power) - .312(knee flex 180'/s) - .090(hip flex 300'/s). The regression models for the women were different than the males and were: 30 meters (crouch start) = 9.530 - .346(vertical jump); 60 meters (crouch start) = 18.083- .686(vertical jump); and 30 meters (flying start) = 8.733- .352(vertical jump) . By knowledge of the variance of the better strength and power measures, 83.2% to 98.0% of the variance of the respective sprint tests were explained. The regression models could allow for the identification of potential sprint performers and the development of optimal sprint training program.

The purpose of this study was to identify the anthropometric, strength, and power characteristics that best predict throwing performance. Seventeen male D-I throwers (age = 19.1 ± 1.2 y; body mass = 115.1 ± 15.3 kg; height = 1.85 ± 0.06 m) were assessed for maximum strength and power. A five variable linear regression (r = 0.94, r2 = 0.88, F(5,11) = 15.89, p < 0.001, SEE = 0.68) explained 88% of the variation in shot put (SP) performance. A five variable linear regression (r = 0.91, r2 = 0.83, F(5,11) = 10.509, p = 0.001, SEE = 1.18) explained 83% of the variation in weight throw (WT) performance. Both SP and WT correlated strongly with measures of explosive strength and power (r = 0.48-0.78). Best predictors of performance were static vertical jumps and 7.26 kilogram overhead shot throw; better throwers possess greater maximum strength and power.

No description available.

Autor: Bc. et Bc. Adéla Markvartová Title: The views of the runners on the middle and long distance to regeneration in the sport Objectives: The aim of diploma thesis is to detect views of runners on the middle and long distance to regeneration in the sport in terms of their use due to gender and to specialization of runners. Methods: Diploma thesis is divided to two parts - theoretical and practical. Theoretical part is about regeneration in sport and the practical part talks about opinions of of runners on the middle and long distance to regeneration in the sport. Compares each methods of regeneration due to gender and to specialization of runners. It was used nonstandard questionnaire, during championship of the Czech republic in athletics (from 18th to 19th June) in Tábor. Number of 110 runners on the middle and long distance were interviewed. Questionnaire was filled by 91 athletes, 46 men ad 45 women. Results: Research showed that runners realize importance of regeneration in training process. Men are more confident about positive influence of regeneration in performance and also in injury prevention. The most used methods and types of regeration are mechanotherapy, massage (automassage), thermotherapy (sauna, steam bath) and also regeneration by move - stretching excercises, swimming and...

Title: Sports career biography of Imrich Bugár Objectives: The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and present a twenty-year long sports career of discus-thrower Imrich Bugár by the means of content analysis of newspaper articles published in the journal Czechoslovakian sport. Methods: Biographic research was used as one kind of a case study. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part is concerned with the summary of all newspaper articles written during Bugár's sports career. I have statistically categorized the articles according to the criteria stated by Jan Volf in his diploma paper of 2007. The second part of the paper is concerned with information gained from Imrich Bugár personally, during a conducted interview. The third part shows a summary of Bugár's best achievements. Results: Based on the accessible materials, I have described and evaluated the sports career of Imrich Bugár. In total, I have evaluated n = 348 articles concerned with his sports career. The next part presents a commented evaluation of the conducted interview with Imrich Bugár. When categorization of the articles is taken into account, most articles about the course of Bugár's career are of an informative character and describe his participation in competitions. Imrich Bugár participated in n = 433...

Aim Recent studies of Swedish track and field athletes have shown that there is a substantial risk of injury. None of these studies have investigated the potential role of how athletes perceive their injury risk, and how it may play a part in the occurrence and prevention of sport injures. The aim of the study was to explore how Swedish track and field athletes perceive their injury risk, and examine the potential correlation with prior injury experience using a quantitative design. Method The sample comprised 69 Swedish junior elite track and field athletes. The athletes filled out a two-part online questionnaire. The first part requested relevant personal information including gender, track and field event and previous injuries in the past 12 months; the second part consisted of "The Perception of Risk of Injury Scale", but modified accordingly to the targeted sport. For the statistical analysis, the R version 3.5.2 software was used and the results were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's non-parametric test. Results 52 out of the 69 athletes in the study reported at least one injury during the past 12 months, and the most commonly reported period of time lost due to injury was between eight and 28 days. Non-significant results (p=0,095) were found between gender and perceived injury risk. If an athlete reported more than one injury in the past 12 months, they perceived their re-injury risk (p&lt;0,025) to be higher. Significant results were found between perceived injury risk and the severity of the injury (p&lt;0,006), with a negative correlation (r=-0,32). When the severity of the injury increased, the tendency of perceived injury risk decreased. Conclusions A history of previous injury has a small correlation to perceived injury risk. This study comes one step closer to understanding the potential impact of perceived risk of injury on occurrence of actual injury. With this knowledge, it may be possible to reduce the negative perceptions concerning re-injury in athletes with higher perceptions of injury risk. Finally, awareness of reinjury should be increased among athletes with a history of severe injury. / Syfte Studier inom Svensk Friidrott har visat att friidrottare löper en påtaglig skaderisk. Inga av dessa studier har studerat den potentiella rollen av hur skadefria friidrottare uppfattar sin skaderisk eller hur det kan påverka skadeförekomst och prevention. Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av uppfattad skaderisk hos svenska friidrottare på elitnivå samt att undersöka den potentiella korrelationen med skadehistorik. Metod Totalt inkluderades 69 juniorer på elitnivå inom Svensk Friidrott. Friidrottarna fyllde i en tvådelad webbaserad enkät. Första delen bestod av bakgrundsfrågor som inkluderade kön, friidrottsgren och skadehistorik de senaste 12 månaderna. Den andra delen innefattade ”The Perception of Risk of Injury Scale”, modifierad för att passa idrotten friidrott. Till den statistiska analysen användes statistikprogrammet R version 3.5.2 och resultatet analyserades med Mann-Whitney U-test samt Spearmans icke parametriska test. Resultat 52 av de 69 inkluderade friidrottarna rapporterade minst en skada under de senaste 12 månaderna och vanligaste skattad frånvarotid på grund av skada var åtta till 28 dagar. Ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0,095) påvisades mellan kön och uppfattad skaderisk. Friidrottare som rapporterade mer än en skada de senaste 12 månaderna uppfattade sin skaderisk som högre för återfallsskada (p&lt;0,025). Signifikanta resultat fanns mellan uppfattad skaderisk och skadans allvarlighetsgrad (p&lt;0,006), där sambanden var negativa (r=-0,32). När skadans allvarlighetsgrad ökade så tenderade den uppfattade skaderisken att minska hos friidrottarna. Slutsats Skadehistorik har ett mindre samband med uppfattad skaderisk. Denna studie är ett steg mot en ökad förståelse för den potentiella inverkan som den egna uppfattade skaderisken har på den faktiska risken för skada. Med denna kunskap kan det vara möjligt att minska de negativa uppfattningarna gällande återfallsskador hos friidrottare som uppfattar en högre skaderisk. Resultatet kan även användas för att medvetengöra friidrottare med en historik av allvarliga skador om risken för återfallsskada.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2009. / Directed by Thomas Martinek; submitted to the Dept. of Kinesiology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jun. 7, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-269).

Submitted by GUY GINCIENE null (guy_ginciene@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-27T17:24:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Guy Ginciene.pdf: 35017779 bytes, checksum: e88a4e14498499abf7cf9628313828c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-28T17:41:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ginciene_g_dr_rcla.pdf: 35017779 bytes, checksum: e88a4e14498499abf7cf9628313828c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T17:41:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ginciene_g_dr_rcla.pdf: 35017779 bytes, checksum: e88a4e14498499abf7cf9628313828c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-19 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O esporte é um fenômeno cultural que se manifesta de diversas formas na sociedade. Uma delas é a educacional, tema dessa pesquisa, cujo objetivo foi o de investigar como ensinar o atletismo, em especial, sua história e os valores em aulas de Educação Física Escolar, utilizando as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação como aliadas. Para atingirmos esse objetivo, nos organizamos em quatro etapas. Na 1a etapa, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais temas da pesquisa: o ensino atletismo, história do atletismo, valores e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Na 2a etapa, entrevistamos 10 professores de Educação Física do Ensino Fundamental, sendo que na 3a etapa realizamos uma pesquisa-ação, dividida em 3 momentos: reuniões com os professores, intervenção experimental e intervenção final. Por fim, na 4a etapa, realizamos uma entrevista semiestruturada com o professor que participou de toda a intervenção. Por meio da Análise de Conteúdo chegamos as seguintes categorias: Ensino dos conteúdos (com as subcategorias: atletismo, história do atletismo, valores e integração dos conteúdos); utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação; suporte ao professor. A pesquisa bibliográfica, as entrevistas e reuniões com os professores e a intervenção experimental nos fizeram perceber que o modelo do Sport Education poderia ser uma boa estratégia para o “como ensinar”. Por esse motivo, implementamos esse modelo na intervenção final, juntamente com outras estratégias: discussão dos valores por meio de dilemas; vivências históricas; utilização de vídeos. Isso possibilitou que os alunos vivenciassem situações que colocassem em prática os valores, além de entrarem em contato com o atletismo como um todo, isto é, de acordo com as três dimensões do conteúdo). Diante de tudo isso, concluímos que: a estratégia de ensino, ou seja, o “como ensinar” é de extrema importância; ainda é preciso definir e selecionar “o que” ensinar, em especial, sobre a história e os valores; o Sport Education se mostrou como uma boa estratégia para trabalhar com os valores e para integrar as três dimensões dos conteúdos durante as aulas; colocar os alunos no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem deve ser a essência das aulas; a pesquisa-ação se mostrou como um importante método para compreender as particularidades da prática pedagógica dos professores. / Sport is a cultural phenomenon which manifests itself in several ways within society. One of them is educational, the purpose of this research, which the objective has been to investigate how to teach track and field, specially, its history and values during Physical Education school classes, using as allies Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). To achieve this objective we have organized ourselves in four stages. In the first stage, literature review of the main research topics was carried: the teaching of track and field, history of track and field, values and ICT. In the second stage, we interviewed 10 Physical Education teachers; in the third stage we carried an action research divided in three moments: meetings with the teachers, experimental intervention and final intervention. Finally, in the fourth stage, we carried a semi-structured interview with the teacher that engaged with the whole intervention process. Through Content Analysis we achieved the following categories: teaching contents (with the sub categories: track and field, history of track and field, values and integration of the contents); use of ICT; and teacher support. The literature research, the interviews, the meetings with the teachers and the experimental intervention showed us that the Sport Education model could be a good strategy for “how to teach”. Because of that, we used this model in the final intervention with others strategies: values discussion through dilemmas; history experiences; and use of videos. All this supports students to experience values situations and understand track and field in a global view (i.e. according to the three dimensions of content). In this scope, we concluded that: the teaching strategy, by all means, the “how to teach” is extremely important; it is still necessary to define and select “what to” teach, in special, about history and values; Sport Education presented itself as a good strategy to work with the values and integrate the three dimensions of the contents during the classes; the action research showed itself as an important method to comprehend the particularities of the pedagogical practice of the teachers. / FAPESP: 2013/00425-1

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-27T13:51:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 daniloleonelalves.pdf: 1042586 bytes, checksum: 995d86128bf6aced93c4541281efbfd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-27T15:15:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 daniloleonelalves.pdf: 1042586 bytes, checksum: 995d86128bf6aced93c4541281efbfd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T15:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 daniloleonelalves.pdf: 1042586 bytes, checksum: 995d86128bf6aced93c4541281efbfd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conhecer a estratégia de ritmo (ER) em diferentes distâncias na marcha atlética tem-se mostrado apropriado para contornar problemas associados ao desempenho físico e a execução técnica dos movimentos. Partindo de três diferentes artigos, os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) Descrever a estratégia de ritmo geral, em diferentes sexos, categorias, desempenhos obtidos e provas; 2) Verificar a associação das advertências com a velocidade em provas de marcha atlética; 3) Comparar a estratégia de ritmo planejada pelo atleta com a executada durante um evento competitivo de marcha atlética. Participaram 89 atletas (45 homens e 44 mulheres) de nível nacional e internacional, competidores na Copa Brasil de Marcha Atlética 2015, sendo distribuídos nas categorias sub 18, sub 20 e adulto. Dos 89 atletas participantes, 53 completaram a prova, 27 foram desclassificados e 9 abandonaram. Filmadoras digitais e cones foram posicionados a cada 10 % da distância total da prova, para a aquisição dos tempos parciais a fim de elaborar posteriormente as variações do ER de cada atleta. A ER foi dividida em três trechos, inicial (0% a 10% da distância total da prova), intermediária (10% a 90%) e final (90% a 100%) com a finalidade de verificar a alteração da velocidade entre estes trechos. Para a avaliação das advertências recebidas pelos atletas nas provas de marcha atlética, foram obtidas as súmulas das provas. Posteriormente, foi determinado em qual quilômetro da prova o atleta foi advertido e qual punição recebeu. Para a avaliação da estratégia planejada, um questionário com gráficos demonstrativos das principais curvas de ER existentes em provas de média e longa distância foi apresentado aos atletas antes do início da prova, e estes assinalavam qual estratégia planejou para a prova que iria disputar. Os resultados principais encontrados indicam que: 1) a ER em marchadores brasileiros seguiu um padrão positivo, no qual os atletas iniciam a competição em alta velocidade e diminuem progressivamente o ritmo até a linha de chegada. Não houve influência significativa dos fatores sexo ou desempenho obtido sobre a ER; 2) Os atletas recebem maior quantidade de advertências por ausência de bloqueio, sendo que estas concentraram-se entre as parciais 20% e 60% da prova. A velocidade mediana (Vmed) e a menor velocidade (Vmenor) observada ao longo da prova se correlacionaram com as advertências de ausência de bloqueio; 3) Observa-se que grande parte dos sujeitos planejaram estratégias constante ou negativa, porém, na análise da estratégia executada, constata-se que a maioria dos sujeitos realizou estratégia positiva. / Knowing the pacing strategy (PS) at different distances in race walking has been shown to be appropriate to outline problems associated with physical performance and the technical execution of the movements. Starting from three different articles, the objectives of this work are: 1) Describe the overall pace strategy in different genders, classes, performances in race walking; 2) Check the association of warnings with the speed in race walking tests; 3) Compare the pace strategy planned by the athlete to run during a competitive event race walking. Participated 89 athletes (45 men and 44 women) of national and international competitors in Brazil Cup Race Walking 2015 being distributed in the categories sub 18, sub 20 and adult. Of the 89 participating athletes, 53 finished the race, 27 were disqualified and 9 abandoned. Digital cameras and cones were positioned every 10% of the total distance of the race for the acquisition of split times in order to further elaborate the variations of PS of each athlete. The PS was divided into three sections, the initial (0% to 10% of the total distance of race), intermediate (10% to 90%) and final (90% to 100%) in order to verify the change of speed between these parts. For the evaluation of warnings received by athletes in tests of race walking, the dockets of the race were obtained. It was later determined that kilometer from the race the athlete was warned and what warning received. For the evaluation of the planned strategy, a questionnaire with graphs showing the main PS curves existing averaged medium and long distance was presented to the athletes before the start of the race, and they marked what strategy planned for race that would dispute. The main results indicate that: 1) the PS in Brazilian athletes followed a positive pattern in which athletes begin competition at high speed and gradually slow down until the finish line. There was no significant influence of gender factors or performance on ER; 2) The athletes are higher amount of bent knee, and these concentrated between the session 20% to 60% of the race. The average speed and the slower speed observed over the test correlated with the bent knee; 3) It is observed that most of the subjects planned constant or negative pacing strategy, however, the analysis of the executed strategy, it appears that most of the subjects made positive pacing strategy.