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Beyond Special and Differential Treatment: Regional Integration as a Means to Growth in East AsiaChan, Su Jin 15 December 2010 (has links)
Special and differential treatment (SDT) provisions in GATT were created to assist developing countries achieve economic progress while assimilating into the multilateral trading system. Despite these intentions, global trade imbalances still persist. Within this context, I focus on the region of East Asia which has experienced astounding growth in just several decades, propelling it far beyond other developing country regions. Although international trade continues to be the crucial factor driving growth in the region, reliance on SDT has in certain circumstances hindered development. As such, East Asia should seek alternatives to SDT. In that vein, I argue that sustainable growth and trade liberalization can be achieved by enhancing integration through a regional trade agreement. I further discuss various proposals for an East Asian trade agreement such as ASEAN+3, FTAAP, and EARTA. Finally, I highlight the importance of governance and identify several institutions essential for a successful regional arrangement.
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Free Trade and Free Societies: The Effects of CAFTA on Democratic Institutions in Central AmericaNahmias, David 01 January 2010 (has links)
During the debate over the ratification of the United States-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), the Bush Administration argued that implementation of a free trade agreement would help strengthen the nascent democracies in Central America. As a bilateral agreement, CAFTA would not only foment greater trade liberalization by expanding market access and eliminating trade barriers, but also help transform the entire commercial frameworks in Central America and promote economic development. These implications are not just economic – in particular, its provisions on intellectual property and investment rights, government procurement and labor standards affect the political institutions underpinning democracy and rule of law. This thesis assesses the role in which CAFTA has affected democratic institutions in Central America. It employs a methodology known as the Democratic Audit to evaluate consequences to four dimensions of democracy - the electoral processes, open and accountable institutions, civil and political liberties, and civil society. It demonstrates the value of using the Democratic Audit to assess a trade agreement’s political effects with an application to Mexico after NAFTA. Then this work considers the case studies of El Salvador and Costa Rica, the most salient examples of democratic institutional change after CAFTA, by drawing on original research especially into the electoral politics and civil society development in these countries. Ultimately, the thesis argues that the most significant institutional effects of CAFTA have been its role as a political issue, rather than its content, in galvanizing popular opinion and reinvigorating electoral politics and civil society - ironically, not the consequences that the Administration originally had in mind. The research demonstrates that, even if some conclusions cannot be drawn due to the recency of CAFTA, the framework it has employed will be an invaluable tool for assessing future trade agreements.
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The Political Economy of ASEAN-China Relations on Competition and Cooperation ---Threat or OpportunityYou Lee, Chih 08 July 2011 (has links)
This paper is tried to find out by neo-institutional view if there is China Threat theory or China Opportunity theory. And, it‟s researched interaction of ASEAN and China after Cold War by historic structure analysis, and tried to sum up the Political Economy interaction of ASEAN and China.
Researching by historic structure analysis, the Political Economy of ASEAN-China Relations is from "close, separation, and then close." With the trend of globalization and regionalization, both sides understand the importance of cooperation. Besides, the process of institutional cooperation to benefit only care about whether transaction costs are saved, but not consider about self-benefit is more than others countries. Hence, from the point of the neo-institutionalism, there is no absolute China Threat theory or China Opportunity theory. Finally, it could help reduce fraud by the establishment of the system to make cooperation more effective, and reduce sense of mutual distrust. This argument is verified t in this paper.
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Agricultural Imports Of TurkeyDurusu Ciftci, Dilek 01 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis analyses the agricultural import demand of Turkey for the period 1993-2009. The main objective of the thesis is to assess the reason for the rapid increase in imports. Turkey has a trade surplus since 1993, yet, imports have surged since 2001. In this study import demand has been analyzed descriptively i.e., the developments in foreign trade have been described by the help of available, official trade statistics. Increasing population, economic growth (income) and overvalued exchange rate are among important factors that give rise to this rapid import increase. Foreign relations, such as the World Trade Organization&rsquo / s Agreement on Agriculture (1995) and Free Trade Agreement with European Union (1997), play also an important role. Future developments of EU-Turkey relations and a new WTO Agreement (Doha) may become instrumental to convert Turkey to a net importer of agricultural products. Turkey may keep its net-exporter position also in the future by increasing her agricultural output and productivity rather than relying on protectionism.
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Europos Bendrijos laisvosios prekybos sutarčių su trečiosiomis šalimis analizė ir perspektyvos / The analysis and prospects of the European Union free trade agreements with third countriesMatulaitytė, Sandra 03 July 2012 (has links)
Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuotos laisvosios prekybos susitarimai tarp ES ir trečiųjų šalių, ištirta tarpusavio prekybos struktūra bei pokyčiai 2000- 2010 metų laikotarpiu. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje, teoriniu aspektu išnagrinėjama liberalizacijos pradžia Europoje, bei šios idėjos plėtra, preferencinių susitarimų įpatybės pasaulyje be Europoje. Taip pat teoriškai vertinamas laisvosios prekybos susitarimų poveikis susitariančiom šalim. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjama ES ir Meksikos, Čilės, PAR ir P. Korėjos laisvosios prekybos struktūrą bei kaitą, be to įvertinamas poveikis šalių ūkinei veiklai. Trečiojoje dalyje išanalizuojama Lietuvos ir trečiųjų šalių prekyba bei ES taikomos strateginė plėtra pasaulyje. / Master's thesis analyzed the free-trade agreements between the EU and third countries, trade between the investigated structure and changes in the 2000 - 2010 period. The first part, a theoretical analysis of the context of liberalization starting in Europe, and this idea of development, preferential agreements įpatybės world without Europe. It is also theoretically considered a free-trade agreements on parties. The second part deals with the EU and Mexico, Chile, South Africa, and P. Korea free-trade structure and change, in addition to evaluating the impact of the economic activity of countries. The third part of Lithuania and analyzed by third parties for marketing and strategic development of the EU in the world.
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Les répercussions du DR-CAFTA sur l'accès aux médicaments et la santé des populations au Guatemala : la perspective d'acteurs clefsPelletier, Catherine January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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東協─印度自由貿易協定之研究 / A Survey on ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement黃仲歡, Huang, Jhong Huan Unknown Date (has links)
2002年第一屆東協─印度高峰會上,印度、東協雙方同意啟動AIFTA談判,至今雙方已於2003、2009、2013年分別簽署AIFTA的架構協定、貨品貿易協定以及服務業貿易暨投資協定。本研究的主旨便在於探討AIFTA之源起、發展過程與現況,並展望其未來,進而印證以下論點:AIFTA的成立與發展受到多重因素的驅動,但透過對於AIFTA成立源起、談判過程與成果的討論可以發現,成立至今,儘管關注AIFTA所蘊含的經濟利得與損失,政治、策略性考量的影響力多次超越經濟考量,在關鍵時刻成為驅動AIFTA發展進程的首要考量、決定性因素。
在緒論之後,本研究首先分別檢視驅動印度、東協同意成立AIFTA的多重考量,並試圖對其相對影響力進行分析,最後發現印度、東協對於彼此戰略重要性的認知是驅動AIFTA成立的首要因素,而非經濟吸引力。其次,對於東協─印度經貿關係稍作說明,進一步了解影響AIFTA談判的經濟因素。再次,檢視AIFTA的制度性發展,並從談判過程、成果內涵、經濟效果、戰略效應等面向加以分析,然後發現,其談判之所以達成並非因為雙方之經濟利益出現合致,而是基於對外部情勢的策略性回應。而經濟、戰略效應的分析結果也與之形成呼應。最後則總結研究發現並對未來研究提出建議。 / At the First ASEAN-India Summit held in 2002, ASEAN and India agreed to launch the negotiation of AIFTA. Then the AIFTA Framework Agreement, Agreement on Trade in Goods and the Agreement on Trade in Service and Investment were inked in 2003, 2009 and 2013 respectively. The thesis aims at discussing the origin, development and outcome of AIFTA and argues that among the multiple factors, the political and strategic considerations overrode the economic ones, consequently becoming the primary consideration and decisive factor at the critical moments of AIFTA’s development.
The thesis composes six chapters. Chapter 1 is the Introduction. Chapter 2 and 3 analyze the considerations that drove India and ASEAN to form AIFTA, and try to evaluate the relative importance of these considerations. The argument here is that the primary consideration that drove India and ASEAN to form AIFTA is their perceived strategic importance to each other rather than economic attractiveness. Chapter 4 is an overview on ASEAN-India bilateral economic relations, which helps to understand the economic factors influencing the AIFTA’s development further. Chapter 5 examines the overall institutional development of AIFTA, the analyses on its negotiation process, outcomes, economic effects and strategic implications included. The finding here is that during the negotiation process, the political and strategic reaction to external situations rather than the convergence of economic interest led to the completion of AIFTA negotiation. The analysis on economic and strategic effects exemplifies the above arguments. Chapter 6 sums up the research findings of the thesis and makes several suggestions for the further research.
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Some popular arguments against free trade and their limitationsSauré, Philip 28 November 2005 (has links)
La tesis tiene dos partes. La primera parte desarrolla un modelo para evaluar los efectos del comercio internacional al crecimiento de economías en transito. Identifica desventaja del argumento "Infant Industry" que ha sido inadvertido previamente: proteccionismo puede reducir el crecimiento al largo plazo sí reduce la demanda local de bienes con altas potenciales de crecimiento en la productividad. Además, analiza los efectos de competencia internacional entre las economías en transito. Puede mostrar que ellos están empujados arriba la escala de cualidad de productos disfrutando crecimiento.La segunda parte analiza subsidios en acuerdos comerciales. El óptimo de los sostenibles acuerdos incluye subsidios de sectores ineficientes. Cuando al ventaja comparativa crece, industrias diminuyendo están protegidos. Presupuestos claves para esos resultados son esencialidad de los bienes importados y flexibilidad de la estructura industrial. Es mostrado que bajo una estructura industrial más rígida, subsidios los sectores de competencia de importes desestabiliza loa acuerdos comerciales. / The thesis has two parts. The first develops a model to assess the effects of trade integration on the income growth in developing countries. The model identifies a drawback of the infant industry argument, previously unnoticed: protectionism can decrease long-run growth by reducing local demand for goods with high potentials of productivity growth. Second, it addresses the effects of competition among developing countries. It is shown that developing economies can be pushed up the production ladder and enjoy increased long-run growth.The second part analyzes subsidies in trade agreements. Optimal self-enforcing trade agreement includes subsidies to inefficient sectors. When comparative advantage deepens, declining industries are optimally subsidized. Key assumptions driving these results are essentiality of imported goods and a high flexibility of the countries' industrial structure. It is finally shown that that under rigid industrial structure subsidizing import competing sectors actually destabilizes trade agreements.
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Assessing the economic impact of free trade agreement on Indonesia / Évaluer l’Impact Économique de l’Accord de Libre-Échange sur l’IndonésieSofjan, Muhammad 08 September 2016 (has links)
L’Indonésie est un pays en développement qui adopte une économie ouverteoù le maintien de relations commerciales avec les autres pays est significatif. Il y a un niveauélevé de trafic économique international avec un impact substantiel sur l’économie et sur ledéveloppement national. Durant son développement, la collaboration avec d’autre pays a étégénéralisée. Cette thèse examine l’impact économique des accords de libre-échange et dela libéralisation des échanges tentés en Indonésie. Le but est d’adresser les problèmessuivants : examiner l’effet de la libéralisation des échanges sur le volume des exportations etdes importations, le revenu de l’état dans les aspects des échanges internationaux, tel queles droits d’importation, et fournir un examen approfondi du lien entre la libéralisation deséchanges, la pauvreté et l’inégalité en Indonésie. Une analyse empirique est menée enajoutant les facteurs de libéralisation aux fonctions de demande d’exportation etd’importation pour déterminer l’impact de la libéralisation sur les activités d’exportation etd’importation en Indonésie. Les résultats indiquent que, pour l’Indonésie, les politiques delibéralisation des échanges qui sont mesurées par les droits d’exportation et les droitsd’importation ont un impact négatif sur les exportations et les importations. Afin de faire faceaux problèmes fiscaux, on peut conclure que les politiques de libéralisation des échangesd’augmenter le volume des importations. Les conditions de pauvreté et l’inégalité d’un payspeuvent être influencées par l’ouverture de son économie. Les résultats révèlent que lalibéralisation des échanges a un impact négatif direct sur la pauvreté où la libéralisation deséchanges peut réduire le niveau de pauvreté. / Indonesia is a developing country that has adopted an open economy wheretrade relations with other countries is significant. Indeed, there is a high level of internationaleconomy traffic that has substantially impacted the economy and national development.Throughout the nation’s development, cooperation and involvement with other countries hasbeen widespread. This thesis investigates the economic impact of free trade agreements andthe trade liberalization attempted in Indonesia in order to: examine the effect of tradeliberalization on the volume of exports and imports; analyse state revenue regarding aspectsof international trade, such as import duty; and provide a detailed investigation of therelationship between trade liberalization, poverty and inequality in Indonesia. An empiricalanalysis is conducted by adding liberalization factors to the import and export demandfunctions to determine the impact of liberalization on export and import activities in Indonesia.The results indicate that, for this nation, trade liberalization policies measured through exporttaxes and import duties negatively impact exports and imports. To deal with fiscal issues, itcan be concluded that the policies of trade liberalization are still able to increase importvolume. Conditions of poverty and inequality in a country can also be influenced by theopenness of its economy. The results reveal that trade liberalization negatively impactspoverty and may reduce poverty levels in Indonesia.
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Vliv dohody o volném obchodu mezi Evropskou Unií a Japonskem na vývoj evropského automobilového průmyslu / The impact on the european automotive industry by the free trade agreement between the European Union and JapanKnittelová, Tereza January 2016 (has links)
The European Union is negotiating a free trade agreement with Japan since 2013. The subject of this diploma theses is to analyze how this agreement can influence either automotive industry. In order to understand the agreements possible influence, classical, neoclassical, contemporary and alternative theories of international trade and international trade policies are being examined. It is then analyzed what the agreement aims to accomplish in context of the Japanese macroeconomic, the history of trade relations and development, the current trade situation, production and demand on both markets. Finally, the agreement is compared to an existing agreement with Republic of Korea which is in a similar scenario. The result is that an increase of luxury cars being imported by each side is the most likely outcome.
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