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基於研究主題，本研究乃以臺北縣公立國民中學教師 671 人　（女性 457 人，男性 214 人）為樣本，探討個人現代性、個人傳統性、暨教學倦怠等相關內涵。並以「多元個人現代性量表」、「多元個人傳統性量表」、與「教學倦怠量表」為主要研究工具，進行構念測量暨資料蒐集。研究中所使用的統計方法計有：信度分析、因素分析、平均數差異考驗、 Pearson 積差相關、Spearman 等級相關、淨相關、列聯相關、與單因子變異數分析。 據此，本研究之研究結果如下： 一、臺北縣公立國民中學教師之教學倦怠，乃屬偏向中低程度之狀況，但其間之個別差異頗大；其基本趨勢如下：未婚、資淺（或年輕）、兼任導師、服務於都會區或學校規模較大之教師，其教學倦怠程度顯著較高。 二、臺北縣公立國民中學教師之個人現代性，乃屬偏向中高程度之狀況；其基本趨勢如下：年齡較輕（通常亦為未婚且資淺）者，其現代性程度相對高於年齡較長之教師；而信仰不同宗教之教師，其現代性程度亦有所差異，但其間之交互關係並不十分明確。 三、臺北縣公立國民中學教師之個人傳統性，乃屬偏向中低程度之狀態；其基本趨勢如下：男性教師之傳統性程度顯著高於女性教師；而不同宗教信仰之教師，其傳統性程度雖有差異，但相互之關係亦不甚明確。 整體而言，臺北縣國民中學教師之個人現代性程度，普遍高於個人傳統性之程度，且前者之個體間差異略小於後者。 四、臺北縣國民中學教師之個人現代性程度，與教學倦怠中之工作投入因素存在顯著正相關；而整體教學倦怠程度亦與個人現代性之獨立自顧、尊重情感等二項成分具顯著正相關，另與樂觀進取存在顯著負相關。 五、臺北縣國民中學教師之個人傳統性程度，與教師倦怠存在顯著正相關。進一步而言，個人傳統性程度與教學倦怠中之工作情緒、工作表現、暨工作態度等三項因素具顯著正相關；而教學倦怠則與個人傳統性中之安分守成、宿命自保、暨男性優越等三項成分存在顯著正相關。 六、個人現代性、個人傳統性程度不同之教師，其在職務期望上的差異並不顯著。 七、「高教學倦怠」與「低教學倦怠」二組教師，其生涯取向存在顯著差異；亦即高教學倦怠之教師較期望擔任專任教師，而低教學倦怠之教師則較期望能兼任導師或是行政工作，且表示若有機會重新選擇，依然會再度選擇擔任教職；而高教學倦怠者則否。 再者，綜合文獻探討、研究過程、暨實證調查之分析結果，謹針對實務暨未來研究等二方面提出下列建議： 一、對於實務上之建議 （一）提供資淺、年輕、暨未婚教師合適之同儕支持網絡，以試圖降低「獨立自願」與「宿命自保」二類傾向對教學倦怠可能的負面影響。 （二）建立決策參與管道暨職務輪調制度，以使個人現代性普遍偏高的現代教師有發揮抱負的機會。 （三）合理調整學校之規模，以協助教師降低教學倦怠之程度。 （四）落實教師職責暨改進聘任制度，以降低兼任導師之較學倦怠程度。 （五）依據個人現代性暨傳統性程度，尊重教師之個別差異，安排彈性進修課程，以符合教育改革之理想。 （六）教師應自我察覺、調整、並規劃教學生涯。 二、對於未來研究之建議 （一）關於教學倦怠相關研究 1.研究者所提供解決教學倦怠的建議必須更為具體可行； 2.嘗試以實驗方法研究教學倦怠之特質 （二）關於本研究之研究過程暨相關問題 1.研究工具內容宜更具體適切； 2.研究內容宜更為深入； 3.採用貫時性之研究方法； 4.嘗試影響路徑之研究探討。

Abstract The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate and compare the effects of coworkers¡¦ relational demographic similarities and guanxi base on coworkers¡¦ helping behavior. Moreover, the mediation mechanisms of social liking between coworkers¡¦ relational demographic similarities and helping behavior, and guanxi obligation between coworkers¡¦ guanxi base and helping behavior were examined. Furthermore, the moderation effect of interdependent self on the relationship between relational demographic similarities and helping behavior, and the moderation effect of individual traditionality on the relationship between guanxi base and helping behavior were examined. There were three studies in this dissertation, and the data were collected by scenario experimental design combined with questionnaire survey. The subjects were working employees sampled from different industries. Results showed that both coworkers¡¦ relational demographic similarities and guanxi base have significant effects on the interpersonal-related helping behavior, but not on work-related helping behavior. Moreover, the mediation effects of social liking towards coworker, and guanxi obligation were significant in both study 1 and study 2. The moderation effect was not significant in study 1, but was significant in study 2. The individual traditionality moderated the relationship of guanxi base and guanxi obligation. The results of study 3 showed that coworkers with guanxi base have stronger effect on both interpersonal-related and work-related coworkers¡¦ helping behavior than coworkers with relational demographic similarities. The results were discussed and the limitations and suggestions for future research were proposed.

Ce travail se propose d’interroger le sujet pris sous le joug des discours de la post-modernité, à partir de ce que nous repérons comme la désacralisation de la croyance mythique. Ce remodelage symbolique fait basculer le lien social vers une société de la technique, une techni-cité, gouvernée par de nouvelles puissances économiques GAFAtisantes. Le sujet contemporain s’assujetti ainsi aux injonctions a-surmoïques d’un Père 2.0 qui le pousse toujours davantage dans la dégringolade subjective d’une jouissance absolue et massifère. Cette nouvelle organisation sociale fait alors éclore de nouvelles représentations de la folie. C’est ce qui nous pousse à réinterroger cette notion qui éclaire l’ensemble de notre propos. La clinique contemporaine témoigne de quelques formes de résistances du sujet. Celui-ci, ayant besoin de renouveler son rapport à l’Autre, se tourne vers de nouvelles formes de spiritualités qu’il prélève dans d’autres cultures. Il espère à partir de la mise en pratiques de ces traditions pouvoir extraire un savoir sur sa propre condition. Ce faisant, il technicise ces croyances importées qui aussitôt arrachées à leur socle symbolique virent à l’imaginaire et s’assignent à la logique capitaliste. Les nouvelles pratiques qui en émergent relèvent alors d’une post-traditionnalité qui offre un compromis au sujet cherchant à se renouveler subjectivement.La post-modernité ne connaissant aucune frontière, nous mettrons ces questions en jeu dans d’autres sociétés, notamment en Amazonie, au Sénégal et au Vanuatu. Nous constaterons que la folie demeure intimement liée au désordre social et que la contamination du discours économico-techno-scientifique contemporains produit des effets au-delà de la culture occidentale. / This research proposes to question the subject taken under the yoke of the discourses of the post-modernity, from what we see as the desecration of mythic belief. This symbolic remodeling shifts the social link towards a society of technology, a “techni-cité”, governed by new « GAFA » economic powers. The contemporary subject is thus subject to the a-parametric injunctions of a Father 2.0 which pushes him ever further into the subjective tumble of an absolute and massive enjoyment and « massifere ». This new social organization then gives rise to new representations of madness. This is what drives us to re-examine this notion that sheds light on our whole subject. This new social organization then gives rise to new representations of madness. This is what drives us to re-examine this notion that sheds light on our whole subject.The contemporary clinic shows some forms of resistance of the subject. The latter, needing to renew his relationship with the Other, turns to new forms of spirituality that he takes from other cultures .He hopes from the putting into practice of these traditions to be able to extract knowledge about his own condition. In doing so he technicizes these imported beliefs, which are immediately torn from their symbolic base, turn to the imaginary and take up capitalist logic. The new practices that emerge from it are part of a post-traditionalism that offers a compromise to the subject that seeks to renew itself subjectively.Since post-modernity knows no boundaries, we will put these issues at stake in other societies, particularly in the Amazon, Senegal and Vanuatu. We will find that madness is closely linked to social disorder and that the contamination of contemporary economic-techno-scientific discourses produces effects beyond occidental culture.

This thesis is basically an attempt to discuss the intrinsic intersubjective nature of the so-called ideal sciences, i.e. geometry or arithmetic. Based upon a thorough analysis of Husserls The Origin of Geometry and Derridas Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry: an Introduction this thesis takes geometry as an example of an ideal science. The main question of the thesis is how an ideal science or object is constituted. The thesis consist of two main chapters - “Geometry and Historicity” and “Language”- and a concluding discussion. "Geometry and Historicity” reflects upon the relationship between the ideal sciences, using geometry as an example, and historicity, time and traditionality." The “Language” chapter discusses the need for language to make communication within an intersubjective space possible", and further which implications writing has upon the formations of ideal structures. To conclude the thesis demonstrates how geometry is far from a 'neutral' science but is constituted and idealized within the intersubjective space. The thesis argues that geometry has been “traditionalized” as an authentic and, as it is conceived, true form of knowledge through a historical process of human relations. This is made possible with the intrinsic “objectifying” ability within language and more specifically the human literacy, which is essential for this “idealization” process. As a consequence our understanding of science needs further reflections on how language, historicity and ultimately human relations have played an essential part in its formation.

目前對於不當督導與部屬後果之關係的心理機制研究，大部分侷限於組織正義的範疇裡，本研究根據情感事件理論，提出部屬之負面情緒在不當督導與部屬反應間的中介角色，不當督導藉由引發部屬的負面情緒，影響其工作滿意、情緒耗竭及離職意圖；本研究進一步探討個人的傳統性、認知再評估情緒調控策略在部屬不當督導知覺和負面情緒之關係的調節效果，此外，研究並假設個人壓抑式與認知再評估情緒調控，會調節部屬負面情感與工作滿意、離職意圖及情緒耗竭的關係。本研究採便利取樣，共收集218筆有直屬主管之在職員工資料，經階層迴歸分析發現，一，憤怒情緒具有中介效果：知覺不當督導關係到部屬憤怒情緒的升高，進而工作滿意低落、情緒耗竭嚴重及離職意圖增加；二，認知再評估能緩衝知覺不當督導與害怕情緒的關係；三，認知再評估高的部屬，其害怕情緒和工作滿意的相關較弱。本研究有助於管理者體認工作情緒在不當督導對部屬影響的重要性，並指出認知再評估情緒調控策略，對於減緩員工負面情緒及負面後果的助益。最後，針對研究限制、未來研究方向提出說明與建議。 / Current examinations of the psychological mechanism of abusive supervision and subordinate consequences focus mostly on organizational justice. According to Affective Event Theory, the present study proposed that subordinates’ negative emotions may mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinate job satisfaction, emotion exhaustion, and intention to leave. Further, the study investigated the moderating effect of subordinates’ traditionality and two emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive inhibition, in the above relationships. Hierarchical regression analyses on data collected from a sample of 218 full-time employees in Taiwan were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Results show that anger mediated the positive relationship between abusive supervision and employee outcomes such that abusive supervision is positively correlated with subordinates’ anger, which further leads to lower job satisfaction, higher emotion exhaustion and intention to leave. Second, cognitive reappraisal moderated the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates’ fear as well as the relationship between subordinates’ fear and job satisfaction. Those findings indicated the importance of subordinates’ emotions and the buffering effect of cognitive reappraisal in the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinate consequences. Based on the results of the study, limitations, practional implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.