La croissance de la migration dans le monde, intensifiée par des crises politiques et économiques, ainsi que par des catastrophes naturelles dans plusieurs pays, amène des défis dans la prestation des soins de santé dans les pays à revenu élevé, qui doivent s’assurer d’offrir des soins de santé adéquats aux populations migrantes. Il est reconnu que des personnes migrantes présentent un taux élevé de diabète de type 2 (DT2) par rapport aux personnes natives des pays d’accueil, notamment à cause des facteurs génétiques et des facteurs liés à la migration. De plus, il a été prouvé que les personnes migrantes conservent des liens transnationaux avec leurs proches et leurs pays d’origine. Ces liens peuvent constituer des leviers ou s’ériger en obstacle pour la gestion et la prise en charge du DT2 dans le pays d’accueil. Nous avons mené une métasynthèse qualitative dans le but de déterminer comment le transnationalisme se manifeste et influence l’expérience de santé des personnes migrantes vivant avec le DT2 dans les pays à revenu élevé. Un total de 21 études qualitatives pertinentes menées dans des pays à revenu élevé, dont la Norvège (n=1), la Suède (n=1), l’Australie (n=6), le Canada (n=2), le Pays-Bas (n=1), les États-Unis (n=7), le Royaume-Uni (n=2) et la Belgique (n=1), a été repéré dans cinq différentes bases de données. Le transnationalisme a servi de cadre de référence ayant guidé l’analyse des données de l’étude. Plusieurs liens transnationaux (sociaux, culturels, linguistiques, religieux, affectifs, économiques, recherche des soins de santé, etc.) ont été identifiés et l’analyse thématique a permis de formuler des thèmes et des sous-thèmes. Il en est ressorti que les personnes migrantes maintiennent des liens avec leurs cultures, ainsi qu’avec leurs proches (familles, amis) et membres de leur communauté culturelle. Ces liens peuvent exercer une influence importante sur leur vie et sur leur expérience de vivre avec le DT2. En effet, le diagnostic de la maladie (DT2), les changements à apporter aux habitudes de vie (alimentation saine, pratique d’activité physique), la prise des médicaments, ainsi que la gestion quotidienne du DT2 sont influencés par les liens transnationaux. En conclusion, les liens transnationaux ont un impact positif et négatif sur la gestion et la prise en charge du DT2 dans les pays à revenu élevé. Des recommandations pour la pratique, la formation et la recherche ont été émises. / The growth of migration around the world, intensified by political and economic crises and natural disasters in many countries, is creating challenges in the delivery of health care in high-income countries, which must ensure that adequate health care is provided to migrant populations. It is recognized that migrant individuals have a higher rate of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) than native-born individuals in host countries, due in part to genetic and migration-related factors. In addition, it has been shown that migrants maintain transnational ties to their relatives and countries of origin. These links can be levers or barriers for the management and care of T2DM in the host country. We conducted a qualitative metasynthesis to determine how transnationalism manifests itself and influences the health experience of migrants living with T2D in high-income countries. A total of 21 relevant qualitative studies conducted in high-income countries, including Norway (n=1), Sweden (n=1), Australia (n=6), Canada (n=2), the Netherlands (n=1), the United States (n=7), the United Kingdom (n=2), and Belgium (n=1), were identified in five different databases. Transnationalism was used as a framework to guide the analysis of the study data. Several transnational ties (social, cultural, linguistic, religious, emotional, economic, health care seeking, etc.) were identified and thematic analysis was used to formulate themes and sub-themes. It was found that migrants maintain ties with their cultures, as well as with their relatives (family, friends) and members of their cultural community. These ties can have an important influence on their lives and on their experience of living with T2DM. Indeed, the diagnosis of the disease (T2DM), the changes to be made to lifestyle habits (healthy eating, physical activity), the taking of medication, as well as the daily management of T2DM are influenced by transnational ties. In conclusion, transnational ties have a positive and negative impact on the management and care of T2DM in high-income countries. Recommendations for practice, education, and research were made.

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<p>Race and gender categories have rarely operated in isolation in the lives of Afro-Brazilian women, intersecting to shape their historical and social positioning, everyday experiences, and collective activism. Despite opposition from the Brazilian state and some civil society groups, the Afro-Brazilian women’s movement has increased awareness of the specificity of black women’s identities and oppressions. In recent years their activism has moved beyond Brazil’s borders through participation in United Nations (UN) Conferences. Yet, the dynamism of Afro-Brazilian women’s intersectional identities and their strategic use to gain legitimacy in these arenas has remained noticeably understudied.</p> <p>This dissertation argues that since activist groups do not participate in transnational forums detached from their specific histories and localized experiences, their actions, and strategies must be historically grounded. It draws upon the major arguments of postcolonial feminism, intersectionality, and the political process model to examine how national and transnational processes have shaped the identity articulations and mobilization strategies of Afro-Brazilian women activists. Four distinct processes operating in and outside of Brazil are identified as critical to the identity positions, strategies, and overall trajectory of the Afro-Brazilian women’s movement: colonialism, slavery, democratic transition, and preparations for and proceedings of UN Conferences. The influence of Afro-Brazilian women activists in domestic policy domains and internal movement dynamics are also explored. The result is a comprehensive analysis of the intricate workings of race and gender categories in activist spaces and the multiple historical and contextual factors which shape their configuration, intersection, and impact.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Bollywood cinema continues to evolve. As a result, it has become a transnational/cultural role player for Indian audiences worldwide. There has always been a strong link between Bollywood cinema and Indian society. Over the years, it has contributed to the dialogue on women’s roles and position in Indian society. In the past, Bollywood filmmakers were faithful to representations of women who were bound by patriarchal structures in the sense that they were expected to be loyal to ancient Indian traditions and belief-systems. Based on the increase in Indian migration, contemporary Bollywood filmmakers are now catering to the demands of the Indian diaspora and therefore, a more global market. The impact of transnationalism on the representation of women in many Bollywood films has further added to the creation of open spaces for the Bollywood heroine. In this regard, the films of auteur director Karan Johar are valuable because they provide audiences with material that suggests re-thinking patriarchal structures in a transnational world. This study will examine the representation of women in three selected films of Johar within the framework of feminist theory (Indian context). The impact that transnationalism has had on the Indian diaspora and the manner in which this translates into the narratives and representations of female characters in Bollywood films will be discussed. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / D. Litt. et Phil. (Theory of Literature)