Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito / Resumo: A competitividade atinente ao capitalismo, torna-se mais imperativa com o aumento, nas últimas décadas, da fluidez obtida principalmente depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Atualmente, além de todo aparato tecnológico, concretizado no intenso uso das tecnologias da informação e das comunicações, a consecução da fluidez é possível através da logística industrial, e conseqüentemente, da formação de redes cada vez mais complexas e dinâmicas, em arranjos paradoxais de competitividade e cooperação. Em relação à logística industrial, sua atividade principal é o transporte, que no Brasil se corporifica, na sua maior parte, no transporte rodoviário de cargas. A melhor interpretação de toda essa dinâmica foi possível através da sistematização do estudo sobre o transporte rodoviário de cargas, sua logística e suas redes, em três cidades médias do interior paulista, que neste caso foram Presidente Prudente, São José do Rio Preto e Bauru. / Abstract: The competitiveness intrinsical to the capitalism becomes more imperative with the increase, in the last decades, of the fluidity gotten mainly after the Second World War. Currently, beyond all technological apparatus, materialize in the intense use of the technologies of the information and the communications, the achievement of the fluidity is possible through the logistic industrial, and consequently, of the formation of more complexes and dynamics networks each time, in paradoxical arrangements of competitiveness and cooperation. Regarding the logistic industrial, its main activity is the transport, that is materialized in Brazil, in its biggest part, in the roadway transportation of goods. The best interpretation of all this dynamics was possible through the systematization of the study about the roadway transportation of goods, its logistic one and its networks, in three average cities of State of São Paulo (Presidente Prudente, São José do Rio Preto e Bauru). / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silvajunior_rf_me_prud.pdf: 4551272 bytes, checksum: 2f71a4e07f01b3add79b7c1b7befa632 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A competitividade atinente ao capitalismo, torna-se mais imperativa com o aumento, nas últimas décadas, da fluidez obtida principalmente depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Atualmente, além de todo aparato tecnológico, concretizado no intenso uso das tecnologias da informação e das comunicações, a consecução da fluidez é possível através da logística industrial, e conseqüentemente, da formação de redes cada vez mais complexas e dinâmicas, em arranjos paradoxais de competitividade e cooperação. Em relação à logística industrial, sua atividade principal é o transporte, que no Brasil se corporifica, na sua maior parte, no transporte rodoviário de cargas. A melhor interpretação de toda essa dinâmica foi possível através da sistematização do estudo sobre o transporte rodoviário de cargas, sua logística e suas redes, em três cidades médias do interior paulista, que neste caso foram Presidente Prudente, São José do Rio Preto e Bauru. / The competitiveness intrinsical to the capitalism becomes more imperative with the increase, in the last decades, of the fluidity gotten mainly after the Second World War. Currently, beyond all technological apparatus, materialize in the intense use of the technologies of the information and the communications, the achievement of the fluidity is possible through the logistic industrial, and consequently, of the formation of more complexes and dynamics networks each time, in paradoxical arrangements of competitiveness and cooperation. Regarding the logistic industrial, its main activity is the transport, that is materialized in Brazil, in its biggest part, in the roadway transportation of goods. The best interpretation of all this dynamics was possible through the systematization of the study about the roadway transportation of goods, its logistic one and its networks, in three average cities of State of São Paulo (Presidente Prudente, São José do Rio Preto e Bauru).

Thesis deals with the transport of dangerous goods. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is presented by European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, the obligations of individual participants in the transport, class of dangerous substances and articles, the documents required for carriage, used packaging and safety signs as well as provisions for loading, unloading and handling. The practical part describes the specific case which occurred during the transport of dangerous goods, their assessment and propose preventive measures.

This thesis engages in the survey of logistics formative frame, logistics background, foreign direct investment, supplied services and logistics trends in the Czech Republic, complemented by a European and world context. With respect to the dependency of logistics on processing industry, the analytical part deals with the possible exchange of the FDI investors from this industry with the ones that would invest into higher quality demanding production. Cargo transportation inquires into currently discussed topics in particular transporation sectors within the European perspective.

The aim of the diploma thesis is analysis of air and road transport of dangerous goods and subsequent comparison of IATA DGR conditions for the air transport of dangerous goods with ADR conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by road and their application on a particular business case. Another aim of the thesis is to carry out a price calculation of road and air transport of a sample lithium battery consignment, to evaluate both types of transport with regard to their price and time efficiency and to make the final recommendations regarding the choice of more efficient mode of transport.

Ekonominiai ciklai įtakoja transporto šakos efektyvumą, todėl magistro darbe ir analizuojama ekonominių ciklų įtaka transporto sektoriui. Efektyvumo supratimas ir vertinimas yra viena iš pagrindinių problemų, nagrinėjant šią temą, kadangi nėra vieningos apibendrinančios transporto sektoriaus vertinimo metodikos (mokslininkai siūlo vertinti šakos arba įmonių efektyvumą įvairiais aspektais). Magistro darbe transporto rūšių ekonominis efektyvumas 2000 – 2012 metais vertinamas, remiantis suformuotų finansinių rodiklių sistema, pagal kurią svertinio aritmetinio vidurkio pagrindu išvesti agreguoti rodikliai. Transporto rūšies veiklos efektyvumas ir jo palyginimas visame sektoriuje per 2000 – 2012 metus atliktas remiantis dviem efektyvumo skaičiavimo metodais: skaičiuojant efektyvumą agreguotų rodiklių pagrindu kiekvienos transporto rūšies atskirai ir kiekvienos transporto rūšies visame sektoriuje. Ekonominių ciklų įtakos transporto sektoriaus efektyvumui įvertinimas, atliktas pagal transporto sektoriaus ekonominių veiklos rūšių efektyvumo agreguotų rodiklių ir makroekonominių rodiklių koreliacinę analizę. Magistro darbe įvertintas ekonominių ciklų poveikis transporto įmonių finansiniams rezultatams, atlikta perspektyvinė analizė pagal regresines analizes, sukuriant krovinių gabenimo, keleivių pervežimų, pardavimo pajamų, savikainos, veiklos sąnaudų prognozavimo modelius, remiantis makroekonominiais rodikliais. Perspektyvinė analizė atlikta remiantis Finansų Ministerijos ir Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Economic cycles influence efficiency of transport sector therefore the main problem in work of the master, is the analysis of influence of economic cycles on transport sector. The concept and assessment of efficiency is one of the main problems in this subject as there is no uniform technique for estimation of transport sector (scientists suggest to estimate branches and efficiency of the enterprises through different prisms). In work of the master, economic efficiency of separate means of transport in 2000 - 2012 are estimated, leaning on the installed system of financial performance on the basis of which by means of the weighed arithmetic average of an indicator, the aggregated indicators are received. Scientific researches, for comparison of means of transport in all sector for 2000 - 2012 are executed, leaning on two methods of calculation of efficiency: the aggregated indicators of efficiency of each type of transport sector separately are removed and the aggregated indicators of efficiency of each look in all sector are removed. Estimation of influence of economic cycles on efficiency of transport sector, is executed by means of the correlation analysis of the aggregated indicators of efficiency of economic kinds of activity of transport sector and macroeconomic indicators. The analysis of influence of economic cycles on financial results of transport enterprises, is executed by means of the regression analysis, creating models of forecasting of transportation of goods... [to full text] / Экономические циклы влияют на эффективность транспортного сектора, поэтому основная проблема в работе магистра, это анализ влияния экономических циклов на транспортный сектор. Понятие и оценка эффективности является одной из основных проблем в этой теме, так как нет единой методики для оценивания транспортного сектора (учёные предлагают оценивать отрасли и эффективность предприятий через разные призмы). В работе магистра, экономическая эффективность отдельных видов транспорта в 2000 – 2012 годах оцениваются, опираясь на установленную систему финансовых показателей, на основе которых с помощью взвешенного среднего арифметического показателя, получены агрегированные показатели. Научные исследования, для сравнения видов транспорта во всём секторе за 2000 – 2012 года выполнены, опираясь на два метода расчёта эффективности: выведены агрегированные показатели эффективности каждого вида транспортного сектора в отдельности и выведены агрегированные показатели эффективности каждого вида во всём секторе. Оценивание влияния экономических циклов на эффективность транспортного сектора, выполнено при помощи корреляционного анализа агрегированных показателей эффективности экономических видов деятельности транспортного сектора и макроэкономических показателей. Анализ влияния экономических циклов на финансовые результаты транспортных предприятий, выполнен при помощи регрессионного анализа, создавая модели прогнозирования перевозки грузов и пассажиров, доходов от продаж, себестоимости... [полный текст, см. далее]

<p>Landstinget i Östergötland upphandlar sedan 2001 samtliga godstransporter från externa leverantörer. Detta examensarbete har som syfte att inför en kommande transportupphandling 2006 utreda behovet av godstransporter och hur kostnaderna för dessa transporter ska fördelas inom Landstinget i Östergötland. Målet var att förenkla existerande avtal och ta fram en lösning på hur förändringar av transportnätet ska kunna hanteras med minimal administrativ arbetsinsats. Lösningen skulle också innebära att landstingets kostnader kunde hållas låga.</p><p>Studien har visat att det genom att standardisera transporttider går att förenkla transportavtalen avsevärt. Transportören erbjuds också större frihet att anpassa landstingets körningar till övriga uppdrag, vilket möjliggör lägre priser. Genom att införa enhetstaxa inom huvudorterna Motala, Linköping och Norrköping och ortstaxa för övriga verksamhetsorter kan avtalsförhandlingar i möjligaste mån undvikas, eftersom det redan i avtalet är stipulerat hur förändringar ska hanteras ekonomiskt.</p><p>Landstinget i Östergötland har ett köp-och-säljsystem där varor och tjänster interndebiteras varje enhet. Huvuddelen av landstingets transporter är av sådan art att de inte kan påverkas av den betalande enheten, till exempel måste medicinska prover skickas in till centrallaboratoriet dagligen. Eftersom den styrande effekten av internpriset då uteblir kan transportkostnaden istället tas på högre nivå, vilket minskar administrationsbehovet. Därför rekommenderas Landstinget i Östergötland att föra upp kostnaden från varje enskild enhet upp på centrumnivå.</p><p>Då flera enheter från olika centrum delar på en transport bör kostnaden fördelas efter en viktningsprocent där enheter av olika typ har olika vikt. En vårdcentral har till exempel större behov av en provtransport än vad en tandvårdsklinik har av att frakta post med samma transport. Därför ska också vårdcentralen betala mer för denna transport.</p><p>Transportavtalet föreslås upphandlas i fem olika delar: lättgodstransporter i Motala, Linköping, Norrköping och Övriga Östergötland, samt förrådstransporter. Centrum för lättgodsnätet blir Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping.</p><p>Genom att genomföra de föreslagna förändringarna bör Landstinget i Östergötland kunna effektivisera sin avtalshantering, samtidigt som möjligheten för låga kostnader finns.</p> / <p>The County Council of Östergötland (CCÖ) purchases since year 2001 all transportation of goods from external suppliers. The purpose of this report is to investigate the need for transportation of goods and how to distribute the costs for the transports within the CCÖ. The underlying reason is a new procurement in year 2006. The goal was to simplify the supplier contracts and find a solution to how to handle changes in the transportation net with minimal need for administrative work. The solution should also make it possible to keep transportation costs low.</p><p>The study has shown that it through standardisation of transport time limits is possible to achieve considerable simplifications of contracts. The transport supplier is also given more time space to adjust the CCÖ transports to those of other customers. This will reduce the transportation cost and make lower prices possible. By introducing a unified fare for transports within the main cities Motala, Linköping and Norrköping and a specified fare to each other town or village where CCÖ has any activity, time consuming contract negotiations can be avoided. This can be achieved thanks to the fact that it is stipulated in the contract how to economically handle changes.</p><p>CCÖ uses a buy-and-sell system where costs for goods and services are distributed through transfer pricing to each unit. The main part of the CCÖ transports is of a kind that is not possible for each unit to have any influence on. For example the laboratory tests must be sent daily to the central laboratory. Since the cost managing effect of the transfer price then is zero the transportation cost can be moved to a higher organisational level instead, which will reduce administrative work. Therefore, the CCÖ is recommended to move transportation costs from single units to centres.</p><p>When several units from different centres share one transport a percentage share should divide the cost where different types of units will have different shares. A health centre is in more need of a test transport, than a dental clinic is of transporting mail with the same transport. Therefore the health centre should pay a bigger part of the cost than the dental clinic.</p><p>The transportation contract is suggested to be divided into five parts: supply transports as one and transport of mail, tests and parcels in Motala, Linköping, Norrköping and Other Östergötland as the other four. The transportation centre for mail, tests and parcels will be the Linköping University Hospital.</p><p>By conducting the suggested changes the CCÖ should be able to make its contract handling more effective. By doing that, there is also a possibility for low costs.</p>

Landstinget i Östergötland upphandlar sedan 2001 samtliga godstransporter från externa leverantörer. Detta examensarbete har som syfte att inför en kommande transportupphandling 2006 utreda behovet av godstransporter och hur kostnaderna för dessa transporter ska fördelas inom Landstinget i Östergötland. Målet var att förenkla existerande avtal och ta fram en lösning på hur förändringar av transportnätet ska kunna hanteras med minimal administrativ arbetsinsats. Lösningen skulle också innebära att landstingets kostnader kunde hållas låga. Studien har visat att det genom att standardisera transporttider går att förenkla transportavtalen avsevärt. Transportören erbjuds också större frihet att anpassa landstingets körningar till övriga uppdrag, vilket möjliggör lägre priser. Genom att införa enhetstaxa inom huvudorterna Motala, Linköping och Norrköping och ortstaxa för övriga verksamhetsorter kan avtalsförhandlingar i möjligaste mån undvikas, eftersom det redan i avtalet är stipulerat hur förändringar ska hanteras ekonomiskt. Landstinget i Östergötland har ett köp-och-säljsystem där varor och tjänster interndebiteras varje enhet. Huvuddelen av landstingets transporter är av sådan art att de inte kan påverkas av den betalande enheten, till exempel måste medicinska prover skickas in till centrallaboratoriet dagligen. Eftersom den styrande effekten av internpriset då uteblir kan transportkostnaden istället tas på högre nivå, vilket minskar administrationsbehovet. Därför rekommenderas Landstinget i Östergötland att föra upp kostnaden från varje enskild enhet upp på centrumnivå. Då flera enheter från olika centrum delar på en transport bör kostnaden fördelas efter en viktningsprocent där enheter av olika typ har olika vikt. En vårdcentral har till exempel större behov av en provtransport än vad en tandvårdsklinik har av att frakta post med samma transport. Därför ska också vårdcentralen betala mer för denna transport. Transportavtalet föreslås upphandlas i fem olika delar: lättgodstransporter i Motala, Linköping, Norrköping och Övriga Östergötland, samt förrådstransporter. Centrum för lättgodsnätet blir Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping. Genom att genomföra de föreslagna förändringarna bör Landstinget i Östergötland kunna effektivisera sin avtalshantering, samtidigt som möjligheten för låga kostnader finns. / The County Council of Östergötland (CCÖ) purchases since year 2001 all transportation of goods from external suppliers. The purpose of this report is to investigate the need for transportation of goods and how to distribute the costs for the transports within the CCÖ. The underlying reason is a new procurement in year 2006. The goal was to simplify the supplier contracts and find a solution to how to handle changes in the transportation net with minimal need for administrative work. The solution should also make it possible to keep transportation costs low. The study has shown that it through standardisation of transport time limits is possible to achieve considerable simplifications of contracts. The transport supplier is also given more time space to adjust the CCÖ transports to those of other customers. This will reduce the transportation cost and make lower prices possible. By introducing a unified fare for transports within the main cities Motala, Linköping and Norrköping and a specified fare to each other town or village where CCÖ has any activity, time consuming contract negotiations can be avoided. This can be achieved thanks to the fact that it is stipulated in the contract how to economically handle changes. CCÖ uses a buy-and-sell system where costs for goods and services are distributed through transfer pricing to each unit. The main part of the CCÖ transports is of a kind that is not possible for each unit to have any influence on. For example the laboratory tests must be sent daily to the central laboratory. Since the cost managing effect of the transfer price then is zero the transportation cost can be moved to a higher organisational level instead, which will reduce administrative work. Therefore, the CCÖ is recommended to move transportation costs from single units to centres. When several units from different centres share one transport a percentage share should divide the cost where different types of units will have different shares. A health centre is in more need of a test transport, than a dental clinic is of transporting mail with the same transport. Therefore the health centre should pay a bigger part of the cost than the dental clinic. The transportation contract is suggested to be divided into five parts: supply transports as one and transport of mail, tests and parcels in Motala, Linköping, Norrköping and Other Östergötland as the other four. The transportation centre for mail, tests and parcels will be the Linköping University Hospital. By conducting the suggested changes the CCÖ should be able to make its contract handling more effective. By doing that, there is also a possibility for low costs.