Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2004

Die 27-jährige Chemnitzerin hatte erst vor kurzem ihr erstes Buch veröffentlicht. "Traum" führt den Leser auf einer labyrinthischen Reise in die Tiefe des inneren Selbst.

The article reflects the presence of the dream motif in Richard Wagner’s romantic opera Lohengrin (1850) and in Salvatore Sciarrino’s own operatic version of the Lohengrin legend from 1983. By reading both works against the grain of Elsa’s dream the article highlights a) the philosophical premises of Wagner’s dream-theoretical reflections and their sociopolitical implications in Lohengrin, and b) how Sciarrino in his opera directly engages with both aspects, undoing at the dramaturgical as well as at the musical level, the metaphysical assumptions and the societal vision sustaining Wagner’s work.

Submitted by PPG Psicologia (psicologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-02T19:21:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_VILLANOVA_QUIROGA.pdf: 1974519 bytes, checksum: 6331ed342432c52563d3dfa39511b9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-12T13:33:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_VILLANOVA_QUIROGA.pdf: 1974519 bytes, checksum: 6331ed342432c52563d3dfa39511b9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T13:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINA_VILLANOVA_QUIROGA.pdf: 1974519 bytes, checksum: 6331ed342432c52563d3dfa39511b9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to a positive psychological change which results from challenging and tough situations. Studies show that the development of high levels of PTG after a specific situation is positively related to the use of adaptive coping strategies, rumination, perception of social support and the actual situation being experienced as traumatic, such as breast cancer. From this perspective, a tool that evaluates different emotional and interpersonal aspects of an individual with cancer can be useful when working with prevention and promotion of mental health and quality of life. Knowing predictors of PTG, already described in literature, can be used as a resource to aid the process of elaboration. That would enable thinking about treatments that prioritize possible positive aspects, working in adaptive coping strategies to assist in the situation elaboration. This dissertation had as an initial objective to verify if social support perception, rumination, and use of adaptive coping strategies show a significant correlation with levels of PTG in women with confirmed breast cancer diagnosis. In order to do that, a transversal and exploratory research with two studies was conducted. The first a systematic review that focused on compiling and discussing the results of studies that studied rumination and/or social support as predictors of PTG. The second a empiric study, transversal and exploratory, with the objective of verifying if PTG is a variable present in women with breast cancer in Brazil (n=84) and if rumination, social support and adaptive coping strategies prove to be predictors of it in this population. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Ways of Coping Checklist, Scale of Perceived Social Support (adult version), Rumination and Reflection Questionnaire, Baptista Depression Scale (adult version) were used, and a sociodemographic and health scale was applied.On study 1, there were found 12 articles that corresponded to the including and excluding established criteria. Through quantitative analysis of the methodological and results quality, it was observed that there is almost a consensus of rumination and social support being predictor variables for PTG in different populations. As for study 2, marital social support and adaptive coping strategies were the predictors for PTG in the studied sample. The total score of social support did not appear as a predictor, but presented a significant positive correlation. Moreover, having a religion of identification contributed in regressive models for two different factors that composed the instrument utilized for PTG evaluation. From these studies, it was concluded that the social support, rumination, and adaptive coping strategies variables proved to be predictors of higher scores of PTG. However, it is believed that each one will present different contributions according to the studied populations. The study of predictors is still recent in Brazil regarding PTG. From this research, path is opened to other studies with different populations and methodologies in order to better understand the specificities of this model and its evaluated variables in the Brazilian context. Nonetheless, this dissertation contributes to the foundation of intervention strategies based on these predictors to this specific population. / O crescimento p?s-traum?tico (CPT) trata de uma mudan?a psicol?gica positiva resultante de situa??es vividas em circunst?ncias desafiadoras e dif?ceis. Estudos apontam que o desenvolvimento de altos ?ndices de CPT ap?s uma situa??o espec?fica est? positivamente relacionado ao uso de estrat?gias de coping adaptativas, rumina??o, percep??o de suporte social e da situa??o vivida como traum?tica, como ? o caso do c?ncer de mama. Nesta perspectiva, uma medida que avalie diferentes aspectos emocionais e interpessoais do indiv?duo com c?ncer se mostra ?til no trabalho da preven??o e promo??o de sa?de mental e qualidade de vida. O conhecimento acerca dos preditores de CPT, j? descritos na literatura, pode ser usado como recurso para auxiliar no processo de elabora??o. Pode-se assim pensar em tratamentos que priorizem poss?veis aspectos positivos, trabalhando estrat?gias de enfrentamento adaptativas no que diz respeito ao aux?lio na elabora??o da situa??o. Esta disserta??o teve como objetivo geral verificar se percep??o de suporte social, rumina??o e uso de estrat?gias de coping adaptativas apresentam correla??o com os escores de CPT de mulheres com diagn?stico confirmado de c?ncer de mama. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e explorat?ria, dividida em dois estudos. O primeiro uma revis?o sistem?tica que buscou copilar e discutir resultados de estudos que objetivaram estudar a rumina??o e/ou suporte social como preditores de CPT. O segundo um estudo emp?rico, transversal e explorat?rio, com objetivo de verificar se o CPT ? uma vari?vel presente em mulheres com c?ncer de mama no Brasil (n=84) e se rumina??o, suporte social e estrat?gias de coping adaptativas se mostram preditores do mesmo nesta popula??o. Utilizou-se o Invent?rio de Crescimento P?s-Traum?tico, Invent?rio de Estrat?gias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus, Escala de Percep??o de Suporte Social, Question?rio de Rumina??o e Reflex?o, Escala Baptista de Depress?o ? vers?o adultos, e aplicada ficha de dados 10 sociodemogr?ficos e de sa?de. No estudo 1, encontrou-se 12 artigos que corresponderam aos crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o estabelecidos. Atrav?s de an?lise quantitativa da qualidade metodol?gica e qualitativa dos resultados, observou-se que h? quase consenso de que rumina??o e suporte social s?o vari?veis preditoras de CPT em diferentes popula??es. J? no estudo 2, o suporte social marital e estrat?gias de coping adaptativas foram preditoras de CPT na amostra estudada. O escore total de suporte social n?o se mostrou preditor, mas apresentou correla??o positiva significativa. Ademais, possuir religi?o de identifica??o contribuiu em modelos regressivos para dois diferentes fatores que comp?e o instrumento para avalia??o de CPT. A partir dos estudos, concluiu-se que as vari?veis suporte social, rumina??o e estrat?gias de coping adaptativas se mostram preditoras de maiores escores de CPT. Por?m, acredita-se que as mesmas apresentem diferentes contribui??es de acordo com as popula??es estudadas. O estudo de preditores ainda ? recente no Brasil no que diz respeito ao CPT. A partir desta pesquisa, abre-se espa?o para outros estudos, com diferentes popula??es e metodologias, a fim de melhor compreender as especificidades do modelo e das vari?veis avaliadas no contexto brasileiro. Entretanto, esta disserta??o contribui para o embasamento de estrat?gias de interven??o pautadas nestes preditores para esta popula??o espec?fica.

Submitted by PPG Psicologia (psicologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-05T16:16:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_M?RCIO_ENGLERT_BARBOSA.pdf: 3154644 bytes, checksum: 0ca9a1aa1b6e5af8a55e9d93efddc374 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-16T18:58:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_M?RCIO_ENGLERT_BARBOSA.pdf: 3154644 bytes, checksum: 0ca9a1aa1b6e5af8a55e9d93efddc374 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T19:06:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_M?RCIO_ENGLERT_BARBOSA.pdf: 3154644 bytes, checksum: 0ca9a1aa1b6e5af8a55e9d93efddc374 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-12 / Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a disorder characterized by the presence of intrusion, avoidance, negative cognition and mood, and arousal symptoms after an exposure to a traumatic event. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective therapeutic approaches for PTSD. Although effective, some patients are refractory to imaginal exposure, a frequently used thecnique in CBT for PTSD, and there is a high dropout rate. In order to increase therapeutic efficacity and treatment adherence, Virtual Reality (VR) devices have been developed since 1990 to be used in Virtual Exposure Therapy (VET). This therapy is a variation of CBT therapeutic interventions that have been showing good outcomes. However, most researches in this area study military populations or victims of terrorist attacks. Few studies have been found in literature review about the treatment of victims of urban violence, a very common type of trauma in developing countries such as Brazil. Still, some occupations are more exposed to violence, as is the case of bank employees. The objective of this study is to evaluate posttraumatic reactions in victims of bank robberies and the efficacy of VET in the treatment of PTSD. This study is composed of (1) an introduction to the main concepts used to develop this research; (2) a theoretical review of the advantages and disadvantages of VET in the treatment of PTSD; (3) an empirical section on an assessment of posttraumatic reactions on bank employees victims of bank robberies who sought psychological care; (3) a presentation of a VET protocol for victims of bank robberies who develop PTSD; (4) an evaluation of the proposed treatment protocol through a case study of a bank employee with PTSD and (5) final considerations of the main findings of this work. The results suggest that bank employee?s victims of robberies who sought psychological care present an elevated percentage of psychiatric disorders. Among them, PTSD is the most frequent. In the case study performed, the VET protocol proved to be efficient, with reduction of posttraumatic, depressive and anxiety symptoms. / O Transtorno de Estresse P?s-Traum?tico (TEPT) ? um transtorno mental que pode se desenvolver a partir da exposi??o a um evento traum?tico. Suas caracter?sticas s?o a reviv?ncia do trauma, evita??o de situa??es que relembrem o evento ou provocam ansiedade, altera??es negativas nas cogni??es e humor, e excitabilidade aumentada. A Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) ? uma das abordagens terap?uticas com maior efic?cia no tratamento do TEPT. Apesar de eficaz, alguns pacientes s?o refrat?rios ?s t?cnicas de exposi??o atrav?s da imagina??o frequentemente usadas na TCC para o TEPT, e o percentual de abandono do tratamento ? elevado. Visando ao aumento da efic?cia terap?utica e uma maior ades?o ao tratamento, v?m sendo desenvolvidos desde a d?cada de 1990 dispositivos de Realidade Virtual (RV) que possam ser utilizados para realiza??o da Terapia de Exposi??o Virtual (TEV). Esta terapia ? uma varia??o das interven??es terap?uticas tradicionalmente utilizadas na TCC e tem apresentado bons resultados. Por?m, a maior parte dos estudos nesta ?rea explora popula??es militares ou v?timas de ataques terroristas. Poucos estudos s?o encontrados sobre o tratamento de v?timas de viol?ncia urbana, um tipo de trauma muito frequente em pa?ses em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Ainda, profissionais de algumas ?reas est?o mais expostos ? viol?ncia, como ? o caso dos banc?rios. O objetivo deste estudo ? avaliar as rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em banc?rios v?timas de ataques a banco e a efic?cia da TEV no tratamento do TEPT desenvolvido a partir deste trauma. Esta tese ? composta de (1) uma introdu??o aos principais conceitos utilizados no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa; (2) uma revis?o te?rica sobre as vantagens e desvantagens da utiliza??o da TEV no tratamento do TEPT; (3) um se??o emp?rica sobre a avalia??o de rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em banc?rios v?timas de assaltos a banco que buscaram atendimento psicol?gico; (3) a apresenta??o de um protocolo de TEV para v?timas de assaltos a banco que desenvolveram TEPT; (4) a avalia??o da efic?cia do protocolo de tratamento proposto atrav?s do estudo de caso de uma banc?ria portadora de TEPT e (5) considera??es finais compilando os principais achados deste trabalho. Os resultados encontrados indicam que banc?rios v?timas de ataques a banco que buscaram atendimento psicol?gico apresentam um elevado percentual de transtornos psiqui?tricos. Entre eles, o TEPT ? o mais frequente. No estudo de caso realizado, a TEV proposta se mostrou eficaz, com redu??o significativa dos sintomas p?s-traum?ticos, depressivos e de ansiedade.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-07T12:37:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468125 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 374211 bytes, checksum: 5e99315c08730b339f10b6dc91527930 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T12:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468125 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 374211 bytes, checksum: 5e99315c08730b339f10b6dc91527930 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The exposure to potentially traumatic events are part of life, however, these events may produce Stress Disorder Posttraumatic (PTSD). PTSD has been regarded as a memory disorder due to the centrality of the intrusions symptoms, often in the form of unintentionally recovered memories. However, there is still no consensus on the mnemonic mechanisms involved in such intrusions. To better understand the phenomenon studies have used the Trauma Analogue-Paradigm (TAP). The TAP consists in a non-clinical sample watching intense content videos, usually with scenes involving a physical strain and recording intrusions over seven days. In order to better understand PTSD?s intrusions this dissertation is divided into two studies, one theoretical and one empirical. The theoretical study entitled "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: the role of memory and its Implications for clinical practice" is a critical literature review which aimed to delineate the role of memory in the theoretical models of PTSD and its clinical implications. Through this research, it was evident that although there is a growing interest in the mnemonic mechanisms of PTSD these are still unclear regarding their role in the development and maintenance of PTSD. We highlight that studies in experimental cognitive psychopathology can contribute theoretically and with the emergence of new interventions. The empirical study entitled "Talking about it or playing Tetris? The role of verbal and visuospatial interference in memory consolidation and trauma intrusions" contains two experiments that aimed to establish a TAP adapted to the Brazilian population and through it investigate the effect of cognitive tasks in the incidence of intrusive memories. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the modified protocol is viable and capable of eliciting intrusive memories with a trauma-analogue. The second experiment showed that the use of cognitive tasks, regardless of whether, tend to increase the number of intrusions; differences between the verbal and the visuospatial tasks were not statistically significant. When considered altogether, the results of the second experiment do not support a perspective of specific mechanisms in PTSD but suggest a processing in line with the general functioning of memory and attention. Although these cognitive tasks have not been effective in reducing the intrusion, the search for new cognitive and prophylactic interventions should continue. It is recommended that the methodological rigor should be kept without losing sight of the possible use of these cognitive tasks in a more ecological context as interventions. / A exposi??o a eventos potencialmente traum?ticos faz parte da experi?ncia de vida, por?m, estes eventos podem desencadear o Transtorno de Estresse P?s-Traum?tico (TEPT). O TEPT tem sido considerado como um transtorno principalmente relacionado ao funcionamento da mem?ria devido ? centralidade dos sintomas de intrus?o, que frequentemente se manifestam na forma de mem?rias recuperadas involuntariamente. Por?m, ainda n?o existe um consenso sobre como se d?o os mecanismos mnem?nicos envolvidos nessas intrus?es. Para melhor compreender o fen?meno tem-se empregado o Paradigma de Trauma-An?logo (PTA). O PTA consiste na visualiza??o por participantes n?o-cl?nicos de v?deos de conte?do intenso, usualmente com cenas envolvendo amea?a ? integridade f?sica e no registro das intrus?es ao longo de sete dias. Com a finalidade de melhor compreender as intrus?es no TEPT a presente disserta??o de mestrado tem como objetivo contribuir para a compreens?o dos mecanismos mnem?nicos do TEPT e est? dividida em dois estudos. O estudo te?rico intitulado ?Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: the role of memory and its implications for clinical practice? ? uma revis?o cr?tica da literatura que teve como objetivo delinear o papel da mem?ria nos modelos te?ricos do TEPT e suas implica??es cl?nicas. Atrav?s dessa revis?o, foi poss?vel constatar que ainda que haja um crescente interesse nos mecanismos mnem?nicos do TEPT ainda n?o h? consenso acerca do papel destes no desenvolvimento e manuten??o do TEPT. Destaca-se que estudos em psicopatologia cognitiva experimental podem contribuir tanto teoricamente como na descoberta de novas interven??es. O estudo emp?rico intitulado ?Talking about it or playing Tetris? The role of verbal and visuospatial interference in trauma memory consolidation and intrusions? ? composto de dois experimentos e teve como objetivos estabelecer um PTA adaptado ? popula??o brasileira e atrav?s dele investigar o efeito de tarefas cognitivas na incid?ncia de mem?rias intrusivas. O Experimento 1 demonstrou que o protocolo adaptado de PTA ? vi?vel, sendo capaz de eliciar mem?rias intrusivas atrav?s de um an?logo de trauma. O segundo experimento demonstrou que a utiliza??o de tarefas cognitivas tende a aumentar o n?mero de intrus?es, sem diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre a tarefa verbal e a tarefa visuoespacial. Quando observados em conjunto, os resultados do segundo experimento n?o corroboram uma perspectiva de mecanismos espec?ficos no TEPT e sim sugerem um processamento via funcionamento geral da mem?ria e aten??o. Ainda que as presentes tarefas cognitivas n?o tenham sido efetivas em reduzir as intrus?es, a busca por novas interven??es profil?ticas de car?ter cognitivo devem continuar sendo alvo de futuros estudos. Recomenda-se manter o rigor metodol?gico sem perder de vista a poss?vel transposi??o dos achados para um contexto mais ecol?gico de interven??o.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-09-05T16:43:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALICE_EINLOFT_BRUNNET_PARCIAL.pdf: 931677 bytes, checksum: 6f6d157d7790dc17f68651d72187e643 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T16:43:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALICE_EINLOFT_BRUNNET_PARCIAL.pdf: 931677 bytes, checksum: 6f6d157d7790dc17f68651d72187e643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Haitian immigration to Brazil is a recent event that occurs, mostly since the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010. The associations between migration and mental health have been the focus of many studies, especially in North American and European countries. The impact of migration on mental health is still controversial. Immigrants are frequently exposed to risk factors such as low socioeconomic status, low educational level, and increased psychological distress. Despite such risks, a number of epidemiological studies indicate that immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric disorders than natives. Studies in different backgrounds are needed to better understand the risk and protection factors for mental health problems in this population. This dissertation is composed by two studies, being one systematic review and one empirical study. The systematic review explores PTSD prevalence in migrants with different cultural backgrounds and analyzes evidence about the immigrant paradox. Eight empirical articles reporting PTSD prevalence in migrants were included following the PRISMA statement guidelines. Most studies were conducted in the USA. PTSD prevalence rates varied between 2.6% and 62%. Due to several methodological issues in the few included studies, there is still not enough evidence to provide support for ? or against ? the immigrant paradox in PTSD research. Prevalence rates are influenced by a complex interaction between risk and protection factors, and migration per se may be a less important factor than the conditions of migration. High rates of PTSD in migrants were found in the studies, what highlights the need of further research with this population, not only with refugees. More studies should investigate the influence of cultural factors on PTSD prevalence in migrants outside of the USA and Europe. The empirical study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated to PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in Haitian migrants in southern Brazil. The sample comprises 66 participants selected from four different sites in three cities of a Brazilian southern state. Participants fulfilled a socio-demographic questionnaire, as well as instruments investigating traumatic events, post-migration difficulties and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. PTSD prevalence in the sample was 9.1%. Depression and anxiety symptoms were in the clinical range in 10.6% and 13.6% of participants, respectively. Linear regression models were utilized to investigate factors associated to PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms. Number of traumatic events, acculturation difficulties, discrimination and low social support were associated to the investigated mental health disorders. Potential protective factors are discussed. The results point to the importance of public policies to promote better social support for migrants. Providing information to the Brazilian population about migration may improve receptiveness in the host society. / Ap?s o terremoto que atingiu o Haiti em 2010 houve um aumento da imigra??o haitiana ao Brasil. A associa??o entre migra??o e sa?de mental tem sido o foco de muitos estudos, em especial em pa?ses da Am?rica do Norte e da Europa. O impacto da imigra??o ainda ? controverso. Imigrantes s?o frequentemente expostos a fatores de risco como pobreza, baixa escolaridade, viol?ncia, entre outros. No entanto, alguns estudos epidemiol?gicos indicam que imigrantes apresentam baixos ?ndices de psicopatologias quando comparados com a popula??o nativa. Estudos em diferentes contextos s?o necess?rios para um melhor entendimento dos fatores de risco e prote??o para sa?de mental dessa popula??o. A presente disserta??o ? composta por dois estudos, sendo uma revis?o sistem?tica e um estudo emp?rico. A revis?o sistem?tica explora a preval?ncia do Transtorno de Estresse P?s-traum?tico (TEPT) em imigrantes provenientes de diferentes contextos e analisa poss?veis evid?ncias do immigrant paradox nesta popula??o. A revis?o foi conduzida a partir das recomenda??es do PRISMA. Oito estudos emp?ricos que reportam a preval?ncia de TEPT em imigrantes foram inclu?dos. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada nos Estados Unidos. A preval?ncia de TEPT variou entre 2,6% e 62%. Devido a limita??es metodol?gicas dos estudos inclu?dos, n?o foi poss?vel evidenciar a presen?a ou a aus?ncia do immigrant paradox. Por outro lado, a preval?ncia parece ser influenciada por um padr?o complexo de fatores de risco e prote??o e a imigra??o em si pode ser um fator menos importante do que as condi??es da migra??o. Altos ?ndices de TEPT em imigrantes foram encontrados nos estudos, o que justifica a realiza??o de estudos de investiga??o do transtorno nesta popula??o e n?o apenas em refugiados. A partir desta revis?o, o estudo emp?rico teve como objetivo investigar a preval?ncia e os fatores associados aos sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o em imigrantes haitianos no Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 66 participantes, selecionados de quatro diferentes locais em tr?s cidades do estado. Os participantes preencheram um question?rio sociodemogr?fico, assim como instrumentos que investigam eventos traum?ticos, dificuldades p?s-migra??o e sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o. A preval?ncia de TEPT encontrada foi de 9.1%. Sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depress?o foram encontrados em 10.6% e 13.6% dos participantes, respectivamente. Regress?es lineares foram realizadas a fim de investigar poss?veis fatores associados a sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o. O n?mero de eventos traum?ticos, dificuldades de acultura??o, discrimina??o e baixo suporte social foram associados com as psicopatologias estudadas. Potenciais fatores protetivos s?o discutidos. Os resultados apontam para a import?ncia de pol?ticas p?blicas para promover suporte social para os imigrantes. Al?m disso, a promo??o de informa??o sobre migra??o para a popula??o brasileira pode melhorar a receptividade da sociedade de acolhida.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448852.pdf: 665609 bytes, checksum: 0740bbfb36289c2dbf1d1223059bc24b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-25 / Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events and develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) might present psychological, behavioral and cognitive difficulties after being exposed to trauma. Symptoms of PTSD include reexperience of the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli related to the trauma and increased excitability. Regarding cognitive impairments, in addition to impairment in episodic memory and attention, PTSD has also been associated with impairments in executive functions. The impairments are not associated only with the formal diagnosis of PTSD and were also identified in individuals with high symptomatology of the disorder. This study aims to investigate cognitive performances on measures of executive functions in individuals with PTSD symptoms. For this, two studies were conducted, one theoretical and one empirical, presented in form of articles. The theoretical article sought to establish an overview of executive impairments shown by individuals exposed to trauma with either formal diagnoses of PTSD, history of PTSD or PTSD symptoms through a systematic review. The empirical article aimed to assess the cognitive performance of 29 subjects exposed to trauma and high scores on SPTSS inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility symptoms. These individuals had their performances compared to 24 individuals who were never exposed to any traumatic event, matched in age and education. Considering the high prevalence of disorders presented in comorbidity with PTSD the control group was formed by individuals who were being treated for any psychological or psyquiatric disorder other than PTSD. The control group consisted of clinical population because the presence of other psychopathologies can cause impairments on executive function. PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS), that aims to identify reexperience, avoidance and increased excitability symptoms in individuals exposed to trauma. A descriptive study with cross-sectional design was conducted. The group with individuals exposed to trauma and high PTSD symptoms showed poorer performance on Trail Making Test (p=0,009), an instrument used to assess cognitive flexibility. These impairments can lead to difficulties in adopting new cognitive strategies needed to deal with cognitive and environmental triggers that lead to the memory of the traumatic event. Only impairments in cognitive flexibility were identified, suggesting that some but not all EF components are affected by PTSD / Indiv?duos que experienciam um evento estressor traum?tico e desenvolvem Transtorno de Estresse P?s-traum?tico (TEPT) podem apresentar dificuldades psicol?gicas, comportamentais e cognitivas decorrentes da exposi??o ao trauma. Entre os principais sintomas do TEPT destacam-se a reviv?ncia do evento traum?tico, a esquiva de est?mulos relacionados ao trauma e a excitabilidade aumentada. No que se refere aos preju?zos cognitivos, al?m dos preju?zos na mem?ria epis?dica e na aten??o, o TEPT tem sido associado a preju?zos no funcionamento executivo. Esses preju?zos n?o s?o associados apenas ao diagn?stico formal de TEPT, sendo, tamb?m, identificados em indiv?duos com alta sintomatologia do transtorno. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar o desempenho cognitivo em medidas de Fun??es Executivas (FE) de indiv?duos com elevada sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica de TEPT. Para isso, foram realizados dois estudos, um te?rico e um emp?rico, apresentados na forma de artigos. O artigo te?rico busca estabelecer, atrav?s de uma revis?o sistem?tica, um panorama geral dos preju?zos executivos apresentados por indiv?duos expostos a traumas com sintomas e diagn?stico formal atual ou passado de TEPT. O artigo emp?rico tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho cognitivo de 29 indiv?duos expostos a traumas e com elevada sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica em medidas de inibi??o, flexibilidade cognitiva e mem?ria de trabalho. Esses indiv?duos tiveram seu desempenho comparado com o de 24 controles n?o expostos a nenhum evento traum?tico, pareados em rela??o ? idade e escolaridade. J? que indiv?duos com TEPT frequentemente apresentam outros transtornos em comorbidade, os controles inclu?dos tamb?m estavam em tratamento psicol?gico ou psiqui?trico para outras psicopatologias. Dessa forma, buscou-se observar poss?veis altera??es de desempenho cognitivo que n?o se devessem simplesmente ? exist?ncia de um transtorno, mas especificamente ao TEPT. Os sintomas de TEPT foram avaliados atrav?s do Instrumento de Rastreio de Sintomas de Estresse P?s-traum?tico (SPTSS), que tem como objetivo identificar sintomas de reviv?ncia, excitabilidade aumentada e esquiva em indiv?duos expostos a traumas. A pesquisa realizada foi descritiva, com delineamento do tipo transversal. O grupo composto por indiv?duos expostos a traumas e com alta sintomatologia de TEPT apresentou pior desempenho no Trail Making Test (p=0,009) instrumento utilizado para avalia??o da flexibilidade cognitiva. Esses preju?zos podem conduzir a dificuldades na ado??o de novas estrat?gias cognitivas necess?rias para lidar com os gatilhos ambientais e cognitivos que remetem ao evento traum?tico. Os resultados indicam que preju?zos em um ou mais componentes das FE podem estar associados aos sintomas de TEPT.

Thesis--University of Illinois. / Without thesis note. Bibliography: p. [192]-199.

Thesis (doctoral)--Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 2004. / Bibliography: p. [507]-525.