Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-60).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Erskine Theological Seminary, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-245).

Après un évènement potentiellement traumatique, si pour la plupart des individus les symptômes associés disparaissent rapidement, pour d’autres ils persistent. On parle alors d’état de stress post-traumatique. L’une des prises en charge les plus efficaces, basée sur le modèle de l’extinction de la peur conditionnée, est l’exposition répétée au souvenir traumatique. Cependant, tout comme pour la peur conditionnée qui peut réapparaître après son extinction, les symptômes psychotraumatiques peuvent également resurgir quelques temps après leur réduction ou leur élimination. L’objectif de cette thèse, à l’interface entre recherche fondamentale et clinique, est d’établir des liens entre le fonctionnement du cortex préfrontal ventromédian et la prédiction et la prévention du retour de la peur éteinte.Nos études chez le rat ont ainsi montré un rôle protecteur de la stimulation à haute fréquence du cortex préfrontal ventromédian sur le retour de la peur. Nos travaux chez l’humain, avec ou sans symptôme, ont permis d’identifier un certain nombre de prédicteurs physiologiques, cognitifs, cliniques et sociodémographiques de ce retour de la peur.Nous avons également pu déterminer des différences interindividuelles et ainsi caractériser des profils psychologiques plus qualitatifs. Sur le plan fondamental, nous avons pu mettre en évidence différentes conditions d’implication du cortex préfrontal ventromédian dans le rappel de la mémoire de l’extinction de la peur. Du point de vue clinique, nous proposons une base pour le développement d’outils visant à détecter les individus prédisposés à un déficit de rappel de cette mémoire, autrement dit, à la rechute psychotraumatique. / Consequences of a potentially traumatic event may be different depending on the person affected. While most of the people will recover after the event, others will develop a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposure therapy is one of the best treatments of this disorder and is based on fear extinction training. However, both conditioned fear response and psychotraumatic symptoms may appear again some time after the end of the therapy. Combining fundamental and clinical research, this thesis is aimed at investigating how activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex may be related to indicators of prediction and prevention of the return of fear. A consequent objective is to highlight some new possibilities to prevent relapse.Our rat experiments showed that high frequency stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex reduces the likelihood of return of fear responses. Our experiments with human, with or without post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, revealed several physiological, cognitive, clinical and socio-demographic predictors.Moreover, we found interpersonal differences that allowed us to characterize qualitative profiles.To sum up, our work demonstrates that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is involved in multiple ways in the recall of fear extinction. From a clinical perspective, our findings provide suggestions for an innovative development of tools capable to detect individual tendencies to have some deficit in fear extinction recall. This study has, thus, important implications in improving prevention of relapse in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Text in Afrikaans / The death of a parent is one of the most meaningful experiences in life. When the child in mourning is not given a proper chance to grieve, there could be complications later in life. In this study scrapbooking, as a tool in Gestalt group work, was utilised to assist three pre-adolescents after the death of a parent. The goal of this research was to determine whether scrapbooking could be successfully used with in the grieving stages after the death of a parent. The social caracter of scrapbooking makes this relevant to the pre-adolescent stage as the need to socialize is of great importance. From the results of this study, scrapbooking can be recommended to therapists to be used as a tool in assisting children during the grieving process. / Die dood van cn ouer blyk een van die mees betekenisvolle gebeure in die mens se lewe te wees. Wanneer die kind in ruil nie die geleentheid gegun word om op haar eie tyd en manier te rou nie, kan latere komplikasies na vore tree. In hierdie studie is scrapbooking as hulpmiddel in Gestalt-groepwerk met drie vroee adolessente benut om van hulp te wees na die afsterwe van 'n ouer. Die doel van die navorsing was om te bepaal of scrapbooking wel suksesvol op die wyse in die rou-proses gebruik kan word. Die sosiale komponent van scrapbooking behels die saamwees en saamwerk aan 'n scrapboek met 'n gemeenskaplike tema. Aangesien vroee adolessensie 'n ontwikkelingstadium is waar die sosiale komponent belangrik is, is die navorser van mening dat scrapbooking juis om die rede sal kan werk om verligting te bied na die afsterwe van 'n ouer. Scrapbooking word aanbeveel om tot hulp te wees om die rouproses te vergemaklik. / Social Work / MDIAC (Play Therapy)

p. 1-87 / Submitted by Antonio Geraldo Couto Barreto (ppgms@ufba.br) on 2013-10-03T13:00:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOSE_ROMULO_FEITOSA_NOGUEIRA.pdf: 1437356 bytes, checksum: cd93fe14e60b4ca6180e209528cb6508 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso(pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-03T18:01:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOSE_ROMULO_FEITOSA_NOGUEIRA.pdf: 1437356 bytes, checksum: cd93fe14e60b4ca6180e209528cb6508 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-03T18:01:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOSE_ROMULO_FEITOSA_NOGUEIRA.pdf: 1437356 bytes, checksum: cd93fe14e60b4ca6180e209528cb6508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) em estudantes universitários vítimas de traumas sexuais, físicos e psicológicos ocorridos em ambientes domésticos, vivenciados na infância e na adolescência. Método: Estudo de corte transversal e caráter censitário, em sete instituições localizadas na região Nordeste do Brasil, com alunos maiores de 18 anos do primeiro e do último semestres teóricos dos cursos de graduação. A coleta de dados efetivada em 2011 utilizou as seguintes escalas: Questionário Sóciodemográfico, Questionário de História de Trauma (THQ) e PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para analisar os dados processados com o uso do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 17.0. O estudo foi financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e aprovado em Comitês de Ética em pesquisa dos estados da Bahia e da Paraíba. Resultados: Dentre 2.589 sujeitos elegíveis para o estudo, participaram 2.282 (88,1%), destes, 648 (28,4%) foram expostos a traumas domésticos. Os abusos físicos e psicológicos ocorreram com maior frequência do que os abusos sexuais. Os traumas físicos e psicológicos foram mais frequentes na adolescência e os traumas sexuais tiveram maior frequência no período da infância. As vítimas de traumas domésticos com maior renda familiar apresentaram maior prevalência para TEPT. Os sujeitos que vivenciaram traumas no âmbito doméstico, tanto na infância quanto na adolescência, tiveram maior prevalência para sintomas de TEPT do que os sujeitos com traumas domésticos somente na infância ou somente na adolescência. A prevalência de TEPT nos estudantes vítimas de traumas sexuais, físicos e psicológicos ocorridos em ambientes domésticos, representou, praticamente, o dobro da prevalência encontrada nos sujeitos sem traumas domésticos. Conclusão: Indivíduos expostos a abusos infantis, em âmbito doméstico, podem se tornar mais propensos a desenvolver Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático. / Salvador

p. 1-153 / Submitted by Antonio Geraldo Couto Barreto (ppgms@ufba.br) on 2013-10-17T13:03:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE raimunda defesa.pdf: 1794902 bytes, checksum: 4018e1421325f5abd35b35d0ba20c5bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso (pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-30T19:33:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE raimunda defesa.pdf: 1794902 bytes, checksum: 4018e1421325f5abd35b35d0ba20c5bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-30T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE raimunda defesa.pdf: 1794902 bytes, checksum: 4018e1421325f5abd35b35d0ba20c5bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / comprometer a saúde física e mental dos indivíduos é necessária, para respaldar programas de suporte ao docente. O estudo objetivou descrever características clínico-comportamentais de professores universitários no sertão paraibano, tendo como objetivos secundários: avaliar correlação entre Resiliência, História de Trauma, Transtorno do Estresse Pós-traumático - TEPT, Impulsividade, Religiosidade, e Qualidade de Vida na população estudada; determinar a frequência de transtornos psiquiátricos em professores, nas diferentes áreas acadêmicas; e avaliar associação entre resiliência e transtornos mentais. Mediante estudo transversal, de natureza censitária, foram coletados dados de variáveis sociodemográficas. Aplicou-se escala de Resiliência e de TEPT (PCL-C), questionários de História de Trauma, de Qualidade de Vida SF 36 e entrevista M. I. N. I. Plus (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), que explorou os transtornos mentais. Análise estatística descritiva da caracterização demográfica dos 240 professores, mostrou que 81,3% tinham menos de 50 anos de idade e 52,5% eram do sexo masculino; Correlação de Spearman indicou associação negativa e significativa (p< 0, 001) entre todos domínios do SF - 36 e TEPT; Comparação entre Resiliência e História de Trauma, mostrou associação significativa entre Resiliência e eventos traumáticos relacionados a experiências físicas e sexuais (p=0,040). Foi evidenciada baixa pontuação para TEPT; alta pontuação para Resiliência e maior exposição a trauma e desastres em geral na população de professores. Episódio Depressivo Maior Atual (EDM), Transtorno Misto de Ansiedade– Depressão e Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada (TAG) apresentaram maior prevalência. Teste qui–quadrado mostrou que área de Sociais Aplicadas apresentou o maior percentual (13,9%) para EDM atual. Ser mais ou ser menos resiliente não estava associado com o EDM. Professores universitários expostos a peculiaridades ambientais específicas e com Episódio Depressivo Maior Atual, apresentaram alta pontuação em todos os domínios de Qualidade de Vida. / Salvador

The aim of this thesis is to describe the stress factors and burnout, particularly in ambulance firefighters. In the theoretical section provides basic information on the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, the specifics of their work and are also given information regarding stress, posttraumatic stress disorder , burnout and psychological services to the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. This is complemented by the findings of other states. The practical part is focused on the processing and evaluation of a questionnaire survey to map the most important factors of stress and burnout among staff of the Fire Rescue Corps of the Karlovy Vary Region and the Central Region.

Increasing violence in the work environment created a need for an effective intervention to debrief traumatised workers. The aim of this study is to compile a profile of an effective trauma debriefer that can be used as a criterion for the selection of trauma debriefers. The task description of the trauma debriefer is based on the literature studied. The profile of the trauma debriefer was compiled using the characteristics of a self-actualised person, as described by the Humanism, as well as the skills based on Ivey's Microskills Hierarchy Model. Structured, non-directive interviews were conducted with five experts on the training of trauma debriefers. A qualitative analysis was made of the interviews, based on the personality characteristics and skills identified in the literature. A profile of an effective trauma debriefer that can be used as criterion during the selection of trauma debriefers, was compiled. Conclusions and recommendations were made and limitations were identified. / Toenemende geweld in die werksomgewing het gelei tot 'n behoefte aan 'n koste- effektiewe intervensie vir die ontlonting van getraumatiseerde vverkers. Die doei van die navorsing is die samestelling van 'n profiel van 'n effektiewe traumaontlonter, ten einde die profiel as kriterium vir die keuring van traumaontlonters te gebruik. Die taakbeskrywing van 'n traumaontlonter, gebaseer op relevante literatuur, is opgestel. Die profiel van 'n effektiewe traumaontlonter is aan die hand van die persoonlikheidskenmerke van die selfaktualiserende persoon, soos vervat in die Humanism©, en die vaardighede, gebaseer op Ivey se Mikrovaardighede Hierargiese Model, saamgestel. Gerigte, nie-direktiewe onderhoude is met vyf kundiges op die gebied van opleiding van traumaontlonters, gevoer. Die onderhoude is kwalitatief ontleed aan die hand van die persoonlikheidskenmerke en vaardighede vanuit die literatuur. 'n Profiel, wat as kriterium vir die keuring van effektiewe traumaontlonters gebruik kan word, is saamgestel. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is gemaak en beperkinge is geidentifiseer. / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

xv, 103 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of sociocultural factors in posttraumatic stress. The two major aims were to add to current knowledge about why women report higher rates of posttraumatic stress than men and to explore the role of ethnicity in response to trauma. Using an online survey with a college sample (n = 1041) and a community sample (n = 199), the findings confirmed prior research that traumas high in betrayal (e.g., abuse by a close other) are more strongly associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress than traumas lower in betrayal (e.g., natural disaster or abuse by someone not close to the victim). Women also reported higher rates of depression, anxiety, and reexperiencing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but not avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms. The hypothesis that betrayal trauma would mediate the association between gender and PTSD reexperiencing symptoms was statistically significant although the effect was not substantial. Gender role socialization may also moderate the relationship between gender and PTSD reexperiencing, whereby men with more egalitarian beliefs had lower scores than men with more conservative beliefs. This study also investigated the rates of traumatic events among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) populations, and cultural correlates of posttraumatic stress. It included one of the few non-clinical samples of API adults from the community in the U.S. as well as a cohort of API students. Notable differences between the younger and older API participants were found in the reporting of various traumatic events. In particular, young API men reported adult sexual assault with surprising frequency at nearly 20% for both close and not close perpetrators which is several times more than the older API men. The influence of participants' concern with loss of face (LOF) on PTSD symptoms was also examined. The prediction that concern with LOF would moderate the effect of traumatic experiences on posttraumatic stress for APIs was not supported although LOF was directly associated with PTSD symptoms. These results add to the growing body of evidence that interpersonal violence and posttraumatic stress are issues that require attention among API populations. / Committee in charge: Jennifer Freyd, Co-Chairperson, Psychology; Sanjay Srivastava, Co-Chairperson, Psychology; Jeffrey Measelle, Member, Psychology; Jocelyn Hollander, Outside Member, Sociology