While traditionally underrepresented groups are attaining degrees at a higher rate than ever before, these students still receive bachelor’s degrees at significantly lower rates than other groups of students (Avery & Kane, 2004; Wilds, 2000). As a result of the educational attainment gap in the United States, precollege outreach programs have been established to provide resources for underrepresented youth to aid them in completing a post-secondary degree. Current research focuses on these participants’ college enrollment and, as a result, minimal information is available to describe these programs and their outcomes concerning students’ first year experience and college success (Hooker & Brand, 2009; Orr et al., 2007; Swail & Perna, 2002; Yeung, 2010). Framed around resiliency theory, this phenomenological study exams college access program alumni’s acclimation process into a four-year, post-secondary institution. Through the data analysis, four essentials features emerged: 1) Program Connections as External Factors, 2) Connections as External Factors in the College Setting, 3) Determination, Self-Advocacy and Willingness to Try New Things as Internal Protective Factors, and 4) Nurturing College Knowledge. Recommendations are shared to further the program in being a degree attainment intervention, in addition to a college access strategy. These include: providing development to educators in behavior management and inclusion, integrating parent involvement throughout the curriculum, providing continual support to alumni and establishing stronger partnerships with surrounding colleges. As a result of this study, leaders in secondary and post-secondary education as well as policymakers are able to gain insight on how Upward Bound services in Louisiana can nurture external and internal protective factors of resiliency that assist participants in embracing constructive responses to stressors in the first year of college.

Os estudos de associação de genoma inteiro têm encontrado alguns marcadores associados a doenças notoriamente hereditárias com herança complexa, mas, muitas vezes, estes marcadores somente explicam uma pequena parte da herdabilidade. Este relativo insucesso é atribuído, entre outras causas, à epistasia, ou seja, interação entre diferentes locos genéticos. A busca por epistasia é complexa e exige intensos recursos computacionais. Diversos métodos têm sido propostos para abordar este problema, incluindo métodos estatísticos tradicionais, busca estocástica e métodos heurísticos. Poucos destes métodos são capazes de processar as grandes massas de dados produzidas nos estudos caso-controle de genoma inteiro, e ainda menos métodos buscam conjuntos de três ou mais marcadores. A busca exaustiva de conjuntos de marcadores epistáticos é inviável hoje em dia para estes conjuntos, mas o algoritmo BOOST (WAN et al., 2010) mostrou que ela é relativamente fácil para pares de locos, em especial com o uso de placas gráficas como processadores (GPGPU). Partindo deste recente sucesso, propomos um algoritmo em fases para a busca de trios de locos que interagem, utilizando a busca de pares como passo inicial, uma abordagem ainda não utilizada. Outra ideia fundamental do algoritmo proposto é a extensão da concepção de trio de marcadores para um trio de blocos haplotípicos, onde cada bloco é formado por marcadores próximos entre si. Usando os dados do WTCCC, o Troost (de TRio+bOOST) sugeriu trios potencialmente epistáticos em todas a sete doenças. Quando submetidos à confirmação em amostra independente, os trios não puderam ser confirmados, exceto os trios para diabetes tipo 1 (T1D). Duzentos e oito trios foram confirmados para T1D, com baixos valores-P e genótipos combinados de risco com altas razões de chances. Os SNPs que compõem estes trios estão todos na região MHC, sabidamente associada à doença, exceto por um deles que está no cromossomo cinco e não havia sido previamente relacionado à T1D. / Genome-wide association studies have found some markers associated with diseases with complex inheritance. However, these markers explain only a fraction of the previously estimated heritability of the trait. This relative failure has been credited, among other causes, to epistasis, i.e. the interaction among genotypes at different loci. The search for epistasis is complex and requires intense computational resources. Many methods have been proposed to approach this problem, including traditional statistics, stochastic search, and heuristic methods. Few of them are capable of extracting, from the large amount of data produced in genome-wide case-control studies, useful information about sets of markers associated with the trait in question. Exhaustive search of sets of interacting markers is unfeasible nowadays for sets of three or more markers, but the BOOST algorithm (WAN et al., 2010) showed that the search is relatively easy for pairs of SNPs, in particular with the use of graphic cards for general processing (GPGPU). Starting from this recent success, we propose an algorithm in phases for the search for trios of interacting loci, using the search for pairs as the initial step, an approach not tried yet, to our knowledge. Another important idea of our algorithm is the extension of the concept of trio of markers to a trio of haplotypic blocks, where each block is formed by neighbor markers. Using data from WTCCC, the Troost (from TRio+bOOST) algorithm suggested potentially epistatic trios in all seven diseases. When submitted to a confirmation in an independent sample, the results could not be confirmed, except for type-1 diabetes (T1D). Two hundred eight trios were confirmed for T1D, with low p-values and risk combined genotypes with high odds ratio. The SNPs that form those trios are all in the MHC region, which is known to be strongly associated to T1D, except by one SNP in chromosome five that has not been previously associated with T1D.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T12:50:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 457995.pdf: 837783 bytes, checksum: 7795cbaa95bbe4686962df85224abf3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-25 / This dissertation intends to investigates the arguments that the Saint and Doctor of the Roman Catholic Church, Thomas Aquinas introduces in his thinking concerning of free will and the way that he envisages the Divine Providence. It analyzes the development of these issues over the course of patristic, as well as some of the main ideas of the thinkers who were the pillars of the catholic saint. With reference to his magnum opus, the Summa Theologica, this dissertation looks for the dimension of free will that humans have in front of the divine will in many issues of his work. / A presente disserta??o procura investigar os argumentos que o santo e doutor da Igreja Cat?lica Apost?lica Romana, Tom?s de Aquino, apresenta no seu pensamento referente ao livre-arb?trio e como este encontra espa?o perante a Divina Provid?ncia. Para tanto, analisa-se o desenvolvimento dessas quest?es ao decorrer da patr?stica, bem como as principais ideias de alguns dos pensadores que foram pilares do pensamento do santo cat?lico. Tendo como refer?ncia sua obra m?xima, a Suma Teol?gica, a disserta??o procura em diversas quest?es da obra a dimens?o do livre-arb?trio que o ser humano possui perante a vontade divina.

Os estudos de associação de genoma inteiro têm encontrado alguns marcadores associados a doenças notoriamente hereditárias com herança complexa, mas, muitas vezes, estes marcadores somente explicam uma pequena parte da herdabilidade. Este relativo insucesso é atribuído, entre outras causas, à epistasia, ou seja, interação entre diferentes locos genéticos. A busca por epistasia é complexa e exige intensos recursos computacionais. Diversos métodos têm sido propostos para abordar este problema, incluindo métodos estatísticos tradicionais, busca estocástica e métodos heurísticos. Poucos destes métodos são capazes de processar as grandes massas de dados produzidas nos estudos caso-controle de genoma inteiro, e ainda menos métodos buscam conjuntos de três ou mais marcadores. A busca exaustiva de conjuntos de marcadores epistáticos é inviável hoje em dia para estes conjuntos, mas o algoritmo BOOST (WAN et al., 2010) mostrou que ela é relativamente fácil para pares de locos, em especial com o uso de placas gráficas como processadores (GPGPU). Partindo deste recente sucesso, propomos um algoritmo em fases para a busca de trios de locos que interagem, utilizando a busca de pares como passo inicial, uma abordagem ainda não utilizada. Outra ideia fundamental do algoritmo proposto é a extensão da concepção de trio de marcadores para um trio de blocos haplotípicos, onde cada bloco é formado por marcadores próximos entre si. Usando os dados do WTCCC, o Troost (de TRio+bOOST) sugeriu trios potencialmente epistáticos em todas a sete doenças. Quando submetidos à confirmação em amostra independente, os trios não puderam ser confirmados, exceto os trios para diabetes tipo 1 (T1D). Duzentos e oito trios foram confirmados para T1D, com baixos valores-P e genótipos combinados de risco com altas razões de chances. Os SNPs que compõem estes trios estão todos na região MHC, sabidamente associada à doença, exceto por um deles que está no cromossomo cinco e não havia sido previamente relacionado à T1D. / Genome-wide association studies have found some markers associated with diseases with complex inheritance. However, these markers explain only a fraction of the previously estimated heritability of the trait. This relative failure has been credited, among other causes, to epistasis, i.e. the interaction among genotypes at different loci. The search for epistasis is complex and requires intense computational resources. Many methods have been proposed to approach this problem, including traditional statistics, stochastic search, and heuristic methods. Few of them are capable of extracting, from the large amount of data produced in genome-wide case-control studies, useful information about sets of markers associated with the trait in question. Exhaustive search of sets of interacting markers is unfeasible nowadays for sets of three or more markers, but the BOOST algorithm (WAN et al., 2010) showed that the search is relatively easy for pairs of SNPs, in particular with the use of graphic cards for general processing (GPGPU). Starting from this recent success, we propose an algorithm in phases for the search for trios of interacting loci, using the search for pairs as the initial step, an approach not tried yet, to our knowledge. Another important idea of our algorithm is the extension of the concept of trio of markers to a trio of haplotypic blocks, where each block is formed by neighbor markers. Using data from WTCCC, the Troost (from TRio+bOOST) algorithm suggested potentially epistatic trios in all seven diseases. When submitted to a confirmation in an independent sample, the results could not be confirmed, except for type-1 diabetes (T1D). Two hundred eight trios were confirmed for T1D, with low p-values and risk combined genotypes with high odds ratio. The SNPs that form those trios are all in the MHC region, which is known to be strongly associated to T1D, except by one SNP in chromosome five that has not been previously associated with T1D.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 439216.pdf: 203166 bytes, checksum: 5c1ee5c7785684941024aaeb7652df4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / The present research analyzes the efficiency of fundamental rights of children and teenagers as well as the application of the best interests of the children and teenagers in familiar relationships. This research also will aboard the collision chances between the fundamental rights to freedom, to respect, to dignity and to family and conviviality and the living in communities compared with the duties inherent parental authority, pointing a thinking as criterion to solve the cases of collision of fundamental rights. It seems to be that the fundamentals rights of children and teenagers have a straight efficiency in family relationships as well as the adoption of duty theory of protection should cover in threats and aggressions coming from others, pointing ensure the best interest of the children. In the first part we will treat about the evolution of the institute of parental authority, then for Roman Law school, then to Civil Right, encoded and for Federal Constitution, even by his current configuration. In the second part of research it will analyze the Doctrine of Integral Protection, the principle of best interest of children, the fundamentals rights of juveniles and the theories of efficiency fundamental rights in the relation of privates, as in his Germanic origin, as in the current situation of Brazilian scenery. In the third part we will review first, the evolution of family relations between parents and children of modernity to post-modernity. Later enter in the effectiveness of the fundamental rights of children and adolescents in family relationships, especially the direct effectiveness of fundamental rights for children and juveniles in family relationships, and the theory of obligations in ensuring protection against any threats from rights of third parties.Cover-if you have the chances of a collision between the fundamental rights of children-juveniles and duties inherent in parental authority, pointing out some criteria for resolving them, aiming always the guarantee of the best interests of children and adolescents. / A presente pesquisa analisa a efic?cia dos direitos fundamentais da crian?a e do adolescente, bem como, a aplica??o do princ?pio do melhor interesse da crian?a e do adolescente nas rela??es familiares. Abordar-se-? tamb?m, as hip?teses de colis?o entre os direitos fundamentais ? liberdade, ao respeito, ? dignidade e ? conviv?ncia familiar e comunit?ria frente aos deveres inerentes ? autoridade parental, indicando a pondera??o como crit?rio para solucionar os casos de colis?o de direitos fundamentais. Parte-se do pressuposto de que os direitos fundamentais da crian?a e do adolescente possuem efic?cia direta nas rela??es familiares, assim como, a ado??o da teoria dos deveres de prote??o deva incidir nas amea?as e agress?es provenientes de terceiros, visando assegurar o melhor interesse da crian?a. Na primeira parte trataremos da evolu??o do instituto da autoridade parental, desse o Direito Romano, passando pelo Direito Civil codificado e pela Constitui??o Federal, at? sua atual configura??o. Na segunda parte da pesquisa analisar-se-? a Doutrina da Prote??o Integral, o princ?pio do melhor interesse da crian?a, os direitos fundamentais infanto-juvenis e as teorias da efic?cia dos direitos fundamentais nas rela??es entre particulares, tanto em sua origem germ?nica, como em sua atual situa??o no cen?rio brasileiro. Na terceira parte analisaremos primeiramente, a evolu??o das rela??es familiares entre pais e filhos da modernidade at? a p?s-modernidade. Posteriormente adentrar-se-? na efic?cia dos direitos fundamentais da crian?a e do adolescente nas rela??es familiares, especialmente a efic?cia direta dos direitos fundamentais infanto-juvenis nas rela??es familiares, e a teoria dos deveres de prote??o na assegura??o dos direitos frente ?s amea?as provenientes de terceiros. Abordam-se ainda as hip?teses de colis?o entre os direitos fundamentais infanto-juvenis e os deveres inerentes ? autoridade parental, apontando-se alguns crit?rios para solucion?-los, visando sempre a garantia do melhor interesse da crian?a e do adolescente.

La Simulations des Grandes Echelles d'écoulements turbulents anisothermes a été utilisée dans le cadre de problèmes d'interaction thermique fluide/solide. Le but de ce travail réside non seulement dans l'identification des divers éléments susceptibles de mésestimer les fluctuations de température à la paroi mais aussi à l'introduction de modélisations de parois adaptées. Le choix d'un schéma de convection "optimisant" le transport de scalaire a conduit à l'adoption d'un schéma décentré avec limiteur de pente : le schéma QUICK. Deux nouvelles approches de reconstruction de fluctuations de température en proche paroi sont proposées et testées. La première repose sur une résolution complète des équations de Navier-Stokes sur une grille fine en proche paroi permettant de reconstruire le champ fluctuant. Une seconde méthode repose sur la résolution 1D et simultanée d'une équation de température moyenne et d'une équation de transport pour la variance de température en proche paroi.

This document contains a synopsis of Toshi Ichiyanagi’s compositional style, a discussion of his musical philosophy, and an analysis of Trio Webster. Ichiyanagi is a renowned Japanese composer who studied in New York under John Cage’s mentorship. He is also the first composer to introduce Cage’s concept of chance operation to Japanese society. Trio Webster realizes the true exchange of Western and Eastern cultures, and it is accomplished because of Ichiyanagi’s unique experience and philosophy as an international composer. The concept of Japanese classical music and Japanese aesthetics are observed in Trio Webster which is the basis for the depth of the work. Eastern concepts, especially Japanese, can be ambiguous and may be difficult for Westerners to fully appreciate. This study shows the cosmos beyond the practical analysis of Trio Webster and is meant to serve as a guide for those who will perform the works of Ichiyanagi, especially Trio Webster, in the future. This study was facilitated through research and interviews with Ichiyanagi and members of the Webster Trio. Ichiyanagi’s interview is included as an appendix to this document.

This dissertation contains a comparison from a historical and theoretical perspective of the passacaglia from the Piano Trio in E Minor, Op. 67, written by Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975), and the passacaglia from the Piano Trio in A Minor, written by Maurice Ravel (1875-1937).Before the history and theory discussion of these two movements begins, a background is given on the passacaglia form and its origins. References are made to the beginnings of the passacaglia in Italy and Spain, as well as the gradual evolution of the form into the keyboard music of the 17th century. Early published examples of passacaglias are displayed in chapter two.The third and fourth chapters of this dissertation are the focus of the comparison, where historical and theoretical information is discussed and deciphered. In the history section, details of the life of the composer during the time he wrote the piece are provided. The theory section contains a concentrated examination and comparison (enhanced by musical examples) of melody, harmony, rhythm, texture, and form, as used by Ravel and Shostakovich in these two passacaglias.It was concluded in this dissertation that both of these master composers used the passacaglia form successfully in their piano trios. As a result, they contributed musical masterpieces in the genre of the piano trio for musicians and scholars alike to investigate, study, and perform. / School of Music

The name “Berlin School” refers to the group of composers who worked in the orchestra of Frederick the Great in Berlin. The first musicians were engaged in 1732, and the group expanded rapidly to its full strength of about 42 after Frederick’s coronation in 1740. All of the most significant composers were engaged in the first 10 years. Most of these composers wrote music for the viola da gamba, an instrument which by 1740 was already becoming obsolete in most places. The gamba composers are C. P. E. Bach, F. Benda, C. H. Graun, J. G. Graun, J. G. Janitsch and C. Schaffrath. They were encouraged to write for the viola da gamba by the presence in the orchestra from 1741 of Ludwig Christian Hesse, one of the last great virtuosi of the viola da gamba. Hesse was taught by his father Ernst Christian Hesse, who studied the French style in Paris. Hesse junior brought the French style to Berlin, where the Berlin School composers produced a synthesis of French and Italian styles by applying French textural techniques, some of them specific to the viola da gamba, to Italian forms. This study shows how the unique situation which existed in Berlin produced the last major corpus of music written for the viola da gamba. This music was the result of close collaboration between Hesse and the Berlin School composers.

The name “Berlin School” refers to the group of composers who worked in the orchestra of Frederick the Great in Berlin. The first musicians were engaged in 1732, and the group expanded rapidly to its full strength of about 42 after Frederick’s coronation in 1740. All of the most significant composers were engaged in the first 10 years. Most of these composers wrote music for the viola da gamba, an instrument which by 1740 was already becoming obsolete in most places. The gamba composers are C. P. E. Bach, F. Benda, C. H. Graun, J. G. Graun, J. G. Janitsch and C. Schaffrath. They were encouraged to write for the viola da gamba by the presence in the orchestra from 1741 of Ludwig Christian Hesse, one of the last great virtuosi of the viola da gamba. Hesse was taught by his father Ernst Christian Hesse, who studied the French style in Paris. Hesse junior brought the French style to Berlin, where the Berlin School composers produced a synthesis of French and Italian styles by applying French textural techniques, some of them specific to the viola da gamba, to Italian forms. This study shows how the unique situation which existed in Berlin produced the last major corpus of music written for the viola da gamba. This music was the result of close collaboration between Hesse and the Berlin School composers.