Russell Conwell’s experiment to educate the Philadelphian working man has grown into a massive university that has transformed the physical, social, and cultural environment of its surrounding North Philadelphia community. Temple University has carefully designed itself as an “urban university” and its presence and growth has had significant costs. Displacement, gentrification, and urban renewal projects have altered the neighborhood to make way for Temple. The relationship between university administration, students and faculty, and community members is negotiated through different avenues, one of which is through food. Food reflects class, culture, gender, labor, urbanization, and it acts as a unique lens into the negative and positive aspects of the new cultural landscape Temple has crafted. The stories shared in this project seek to highlight the hidden narratives that contribute to more visible events. It uncovers hidden labor, the importance of space, and the voices of protest. From the early stages of university development in the 1880s and heavier community presence to the modern-day food trucks, looking at the foodscape in Temple Town will demonstrate how the university and its students interact with the community and culture of Philadelphia and contribute to the image of an urban university. This digital project seeks to create an informative website that explores stories surrounding food on Temple’s campus using archival sources and oral histories. This paper concludes with a reflection and exploration of the next phases of the project. Website link: https://sites.temple.edu/feedingtempletown/ / History

Reducing the weight of the truck vehicle conveys more cargo to be carried by thetrailer. This has a significant impact on the efficiency of the transport lowering both the total cost of cargo moved and the total carbon dioxide emitted. Half of the body in-white weight of a truck is comprised out of panels made out of thin mild forming steel which cannot be made thinner to reduce weight due to the lowered stiffness it would entail. Sandwich materials have a high stiffness to weight ratio and would for the same panel thickness as regular forming steel have a comparable bending stiffness but lowered weight. This master thesis is intended to be a preliminary study for Scania CV AB on sandwich materials and its potential use as lightweight panels in their trucks. With the intention of investigating whether a commercial sandwich material is capable of filling the role as outer panels of a truck, comparative tests regarding significant matters such as forming and painting was made on identically manufactured demonstrators comparing a sandwich material and a regular forming steel material. The tests identified weaknesses in the current manufacturing process for parts of a sandwich material. Such limitations are problems with painting and joining due to isolated cover sheets, forming problems revealing sink marks likely due to different spring back of the material and hemming flaws due to inadequately optimized hemming technique and anisotropy. Now that more knowledge of sandwich materials has been gained, counter measures for these findings can be made in order to take another step towards lowering the weight of the truck and a more efficient way of transporting goods. / Genom att minska vikten på lastbilen frigörs mer last att bäras av släpvagnen. Detta har en betydande inverkan på effektiviteten hos transporten som sänker både den totala kostnaden för transporterad last och de totala koldioxidutsläppen. Hälften aven lastbils rena karossvikt består av paneler gjorda av tunt mjukt formningsstål vilke tinte kan bli tunnare för att minska vikten på grund av den sänkta styvheten som detskulle medföra. Sandwichmaterial har en hög styvhet till viktförhållande och skulle församma paneltjocklek som vanligt formningsstål ha en jämförbar böjstyvhet men sänkt vikt. Denna uppsats är avsedd att vara en preliminär studie för Scania CV AB om sandwichmaterial och dess potentiella användning av lättvitkspaneler i lastbilar.Med avsikt att undersöka huruvida ett kommersiellt sandwichmaterial kan fylla rollen som lastbilens ytterpaneler utfördes jämförande tester med avseende på signifikanta frågor såsom formning och målning på identiskt tillverkade demonstratorer som jämförde ett sandwichmaterial och ett vanligt formningsstål. Testerna identifierade svagheter med materialet samt hur processen behöver anpassas för att kunna använda sandwichmaterialet i rådande tillverkningsprocess. Identifierade problem var bland annat problem med målning och sammanfogning på grund av isolerade ytterskickt i sandwichmaterialet, problem med formning som gav upphov till limdragningar som troligen beror på materialets olika återfjädring samt falsningsfel på grund av otillräckligt optimerad falsteknik och anisotropi. Nu när mer kunskap om sandwichmaterial erhållits kan motåtgärder för de funna resultaten undersökas för att ta ytterligare ett steg mot att sänka lastbilens vikt och därmed få ett effektivare transportmedel.

Autonomous heavy vehicles will enable the promise of decreased energy consumption through the ability to platoon in closer formation than is currently safe or legal. It is therefore increasingly important to understand the complex and dynamic wake interactions between vehicles operating in close proximity for aerodynamic gains. In recent years, a growing body of research has documented a bi-stable, shifting wake generated behind the Ahmed reference bluff body. At the same time, studies of platooning Ahmed bodies have focused on changes to the body forces and moments at different following distances or lateral offsets, typically based around time-averaged measurements or steady-state CFD. The present study attempts to understand the implications of bi-stability in the wake of two square-back, platooning Ahmed bodies, given the potential for transient instabilities. Temporally-correlated static pressures were measured on two identical wind tunnel models at various following distances to uncover the time-dependent interactions between platooning vehicles. Bi-stability is highly dependent on symmetry and the uniformity of oncoming flow, and it is shown that a shifting bi-stable wake behind the lead vehicle leads to correlated, bi-stable flow patterns on the following vehicle, even in the absence of a lateral offset. At a following distance of 0.25L, pressure data indicated there may be a point where this bi-stable behavior reaches a critical point between suppression and amplification, significantly affecting the aerodynamic loads on the lead vehicle. This leads to the conclusion that bi-stable wake interactions between vehicles may be useful to consider in the context of real-time organization of vehicle platoons.

No description available.

The technology behind self-driving trucks in currently under development for deployment on public road. The objective of this study is to explore and understand the number of industries that could be reached by self-driving trucks with the limits of Västerbottens current road network.  The effect from implementing self-driving trucks is an emerging research field. We do not understand to what extent the physical infrastructure affect which industries may be able to use self-driving trucks since there is a lack of exploration and research within the scientific literature.  The thesis has been conducted by a literature study, interviews, and a spatial analysis. The spatial analysis examined the potential for self-driving trucks to access industries depending on what road infrastructure self-driving trucks are assumed to be able to operate. The number of industries that self-driving trucks can access was calculated for four different subsets of the road networks: The European highway network, National highway network, Functional priority road network and roads with driving lane with over 5m. This resulted in the conclusion that the European highway network had the lowest number of industries within the search radiuses, a considerate amount of all industries (49%) was still within a 1 km radius. The road type “Driving lane with over 5m” having a clear majority of the industries with a total of 94% of the industries within a 1 km radius.  The findings of this study suggest that self-driving trucks which are capable of operating only at a limited part of the road network still potentially could be used for a relatively large number of industrial freight transport flows in Västerbotten. This could indicate that self-driving trucks with a limited operating design domain could address a substantial share of the freight transport market.

For an environmentally sustainable society thetransportation of goods must be optimized. The next step inmaking truck transportation more sustainable is platooning.Platooning is when vehicles drive close together in a line whichrequires implementation of a control system. The aim of thisproject is to tune and implement a stabilizing controller thatcan handle various scenarios. This paper proposes a PIDcontroller to solve the problem of achieving platooning. Using asimulation environment written in Python, the PID controlleris tuned for three specific scenarios; platooning, merging andsplitting. To obtain a smooth control signal setpoint weightingwas implemented. The results presented in the report show thatPID controller can create a stable platoon for the range oftested scenarios. However, these results are purely theoreticaland while promising, more tests must be done to determine ifthe results hold in practice. / För att kunna uppnå ett hållbart samhällemåste lastbilstransporter effektiviseras. Nästa steg i utvecklingenmot mer h°allbara lastbilstransporter är konvojkörning. Konvojkörning syftar på att fordon kör nära varandra i led. Dettäar dock inte möjligt för mänskliga chaufförer att åstadkommaoch därmed krävs det något typ av kontrollsystem. Syftet medprojektet är att konstruera en kontroller som kan hanteratre stycken scenarion, nämligen konvojkörning, separering ochsammanslagning. Rapporten föreslår en PID-regulator för atthantera dessa scenarion. En simuleringsmiljö byggdes upp iPython och där justerades reglerparametrarna för att klaraav uppgiften. För att göra PID-kontrollen stabil implementeradessetpoint-weighting. Resultaten visar att PID-regulatorn kanerhålla en stabil konvoj för de utförda testerna. Resultaten ärdock helt teoretiska och även om de är lovande måste fler testergöras innan konkreta slutsatser om hur lösningen fungerar ipraktiken kan dras. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2021, KTH, Stockholm

I denna rapport undersöks om det föreligger ett behov av anpassningar inom energisystemet för att möjliggöra utvecklingen av eldrivna lastbilar i Sverige och mer specifikt Stockholm. En ansats till att projektera utvecklingen av eldrivna lastbilar görs och genom en kvalitativ litteraturstudie samt intervjuer med aktörer som representerar Scania, Volvo, Ellevio, EoN, Powercircle, Forum för smarta elnät, KTH, Energimarknadsinspektionen och BIL Sweden, och anpassningar som skulle kunna utgöra lösningar till dessa identifieras inom kategorierna: ‘’ökad tillgänglig kapacitet’’, ‘’förbättrad planering’’, ‘’d irekt reglerande åtgärder samt ekonomiska incitament’’ och ‘’p olitiska beslut på kommun- samt regional nivå med syfte att öka elektrifieringen av lastbilar ’’. Slutligen görs en jämförelse av anpassningarna med avseende på tillgänglighet och implementeringstid, lagliga hinder, kostnadseffektivitet, miljöpåverkan, replikerbarhet samt intressekonflikter. Utifrån resultatet dras slutsatserna att elektrifieringen kommer möjliggöras av flera lösningar i varierande grad men att anpassningar som inbegriper ökad flexibilitet inom elsystemet, för motverkandet av kapacitetsbrist inom elnätet, sannolikt kommer ingå. Vidare konkluderas att flera av de identifierade anpassningarna begränsas av legislativa- och politiska beslut och förändringar som gör dess bidragande till elektrifieringen av lastbilar svårkvantifierad. Resultaten bör därför betraktas som indikativa. / This study investigates the need for adaptations within the energy system of Stockholm, Sweden in order to improve the prerequisites for the development of electrical trucks. An attempt to project the development of electrical trucks is executed and by the use of a qualitative literature study as well as interviews with representatives for Scania, Volvo, Ellevio, EoN, Powercircle, Swedish Smartgrid, KTH, the Swedish Energy Markets Inspectorate and BIL Sweden, possible adaptations are identified within the categories: ‘’increased available capacity’’, ‘’improved planning’’, ‘’direct regulations and financial incentives’’ aswell ‘’political decisions on municipal and regional level with the aim to increase the electrification of trucks’’. Finally a comparison with respect to availability and implementation, legislation, cost, environmental impact, replicability and conflicts of interest is made between the identified adaptations. Based on the investigation it is concluded that several adaptations, to varying degrees, will play a part in enabling the electrification. It is furthermore concluded that adaptations that involve increasing the flexibility within the electricity system will play a prominent role as solutions. Several of the adaptations are limited in their implementation as they are dependent on the conceiving of legislative and political decisions. This provides uncertainty in terms of projecting their contribution to the electrification of trucks and the results are to be taken as indicative rather than absolute.

This thesis examines the marginal cost of congested travel to a variety of businesses by observing time spent in congestion and estimating excess labor costs based upon the relevant value of time. The fleets in the scoping study represented commercial deliveries of goods and services, government agencies, and transit systems. Observations on limited-access expressways within the 13-county Atlanta metropolitan region were used in the analysis. Vehicles were monitored by using a passive GPS assembly that transmitted speed and location data in real-time to an off-site location. Installation and operation during the observation period required no interaction from the driver. Over 217 hours of good freeway movement during 354 vehicle-days was recorded. Rates of delay, expressed as a unit of lost minutes per mile traveled, were calculated by taking the difference in speeds observed during congestion from an optimal free-flow speed of 45 mph and dividing that by the distance traveled per segment. The difference between the 50th and 95th percentile delay rates was used as the measure for travel unreliability. Daily average values of extra time needed per fleet vehicle to ensure on-time arrivals were derived, and the median buffer across all fleets was 1.65 hours of added time per vehicle. Weekly marginal costs per fleet vehicle were estimated by factoring in the corresponding driver wages or hourly operation costs (for transit fleets). Equivalent toll rates were calculated by multiplying the 95th percentile delay rate by the hourly costs. The equivalent toll per mile traveled was representative of an equal relationship between the marginal costs of congestion experienced and a hypothetical state of free-flow travel (under first-best rules of marginal cost pricing). The median equivalent toll rates across all fleets was $0.43 per mile for weekday mornings, $0.13 per mile for midday weekdays, $0.53 per mile for afternoon weekdays and $0.01 per mile for weekday nights and weekends.

Volvo Trucks is the second-largest heavy-duty truck provider in the world. As of now they are working towards fossil free transport solutions. This comes with a fast development pace and an increasing need of being able to verify new and complex assembly processes to ensure an integration of the production of new truck models together with the current vehicles that are being produced.  This project is a master thesis that focuses on improving the quality and verification capabilities of the Pilot Plant at the Volvo Tuve site. The goal of the project is to design and develop a modular transport solution that can be used to move truck chassis at a predefined speed to be able to simulate and perform assembly tasks with the same parameters in the test environment as in the factory process along the driven line. The design was developed using the product development process described by Ulrich et al., 2020, with slight modification. The resulting design is able to move the truck chassis at the requested predefined speeds that are possible on the driven line in the factory. This solution gives Volvo the ability to perform simulations of specific and critical assembly steps, potentially resulting in fewer failures during production ramp-up of their new truck models.  Calculations were made to in order to verify the strength and functionality of the design.

Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Suspension seats are commonly used for earth moving machinery to isolate vehicle operators from vibrations transmitted to the vehicle body. To provide the required stiffness and damping for these seats, air-springs are typically used in conjunction with dampers. However, to eliminate the need for additional dampers, air-springs can be used in conjunction with auxiliary air volumes to provide both spring stiffness and damping. The damping is introduced through the flow restriction connecting the two air volumes. In this study, simplified models of an air-spring were derived followed by a model including the addition of an auxiliary volume. Subsequent to simulations, tests were performed on an experimental apparatus to validate the models. The air-spring models were shown to predict the behaviour of the experimental apparatus. The air-spring and auxiliary volume model followed the trend predicted by literature but showed approximately 27 % lower transmissibility amplitude and 21 % lower system natural frequency than obtained by tests when using large flow restriction diameters. This inaccuracy was assumed to be introduced by the simplified mass transfer equations defining the flow restriction between air-spring and auxiliary volume. The models however showed correlation when the auxiliary volume size was decreased by two thirds of the volume actually used for the experiment. This design of a prototype air-spring and auxiliary volume is presented for a suspension seat used in articulated or rigid frame dump trucks. The goal of this study was to design a suspension seat for this application and to obtain a SEAT value below 1,1. The design was optimised by varying auxiliary volume size, flow diameter and load. A SEAT value of less than 0,9 was achieved.