Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Augusto dos Santos Gomes.pdf: 11854477 bytes, checksum: ea35c1a9d4a7f45d44c5847349749511 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is guided by two shows evidence. The first is the emergence of cyberspace beyond the fixed desktop and what has occurred with the growing use of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, connected to the World Wide Web. The second evidence is the urgent need for educational praxis that can follow, in context, pluralistic communication ecology which is configured with the growing pervasiveness of technology that tends to present today. ), this paper presents research results through the literature and case analysis from the perspective of complex thinking. At the convergence of the thinking of authors like Edgar Morin, Lucia Santaella, André Lemos, Jean Piaget, Ivan Illich, Ulisses Araújo, Ricardo Pátaro among others, this dissertation sought directions for the planning, implementation and evaluation of educational activities that make use of the ubiquity communication technology resources. These activities allow the dialogue between the intra and extracurricular situations in collaborative contexts of construction and reconstruction of knowledge from the educational perspective of assumptions epistemological socioconstructivist, contextualized with the growing presence in the physical environment of cyberspace from the perspective of complex thinking / Este trabalho se mostra norteado por duas evidências. A primeira é a emergência do ciberespaço para além dos fixos desktops e que tem ocorrido com a crescente utilização dos dispositivos móveis como tablets e smartphones, conectados à rede mundial de computadores. A segunda evidência é a urgente necessidade de que as práxis educacionais possam acompanhar, de forma contextualizada, a ecologia comunicacional pluralista que se configura com a crescente pervasividade com que a tecnologia tende a se apresentar nos dias atuais. Assim, este trabalho apresenta resultados através de investigação bibliográfica e de análise de casos sob a perspectiva do pensamento complexo. Através da convergência do pensamento de autores como Edgar Morin, Lúcia Santaella, André Lemos, Jean Piaget, Ivan Illich, Ulisses Araújo, Ricardo Pátaro dentre outros, esta dissertação buscou direcionamentos para o planejamento, execução e avaliação de atividades educacionais que fazem uso da ubiquidade de recursos tecnológicos comunicacionais. Atividades estas que permitem a dialogicidade entre a situação intra e extraescolar em contextos colaborativos de construção e reconstrução de conhecimentos sob a perspectiva de pressupostos epistemológicos educacionais sócio-construtivistas, contextualizadas com a crescente presença do ciberespaço no meio físico, sob a ótica do pensamento complexo

As mobile access and massive open online courses (MOOCs) become a global reality, the realm of potential distance learners is expanding rapidly. Mobile learning (mLearning) as well as MOOCs are based on similar characteristics as shown in the literature review of this study. They both enhance a community feeling, increasing networking and collaboration; they strengthen lifelong and informal learning, they use social media to a large extend and they are ideal for setting up communicative dialogues. The focus on learner interactions is of interest, as research has shown that dialogue is an important element for learning and knowledge enhancement, and mobile access increases the opportunities to enter into such interactions. This thesis study used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach to investigate the impact of mobile accessibility on learner interaction in a MOOC. The study showed that opening up a MOOC for mobile access has immediate impact on learner interactions, as participants with mobile devices tend to interact more with their fellow learners in comparison to their non-mobile colleagues. This was deduced from the mixed methods approach looking at web-based statistics, an online survey, an analysis using the Community of Inquiry framework and one-on-one interviews with volunteers. The study formulated a set of 20 strategies and possible consequences deriving from the analysis of the impact of mobile accessibility in a MOOC and more specifically how this affects learner interactions. These strategies might optimize the impact of mobile access on learner interactions in an informal, open, online course. Future research needs to support the findings, embracing a larger learner population from a more varied background. Overall, this research hopes to add to the body of knowledge strengthening the field of distance education. / 2013-02

Mire pools – shallow water-bodies in peat-forming wetlands – are a characteristic feature of New Zealand’s subalpine and alpine landscapes (>1000 m a.s.l.), yet have been the subject of few biological studies to date, particularly of their algal communities. This research focuses on these subalpine systems, and on their diatom communities. Despite the established paradigm of ubiquitous dispersal in micro-organisms, recent taxonomic studies have confirmed a distinctive endemic component in the freshwater diatom flora of the New Zealand / Tasmania / East Australian region. In this study, I examined benthic diatom communities from >320 freshwater sites throughout New Zealand and showed that over 20% of species may be confined to this region. The endemic diatom species had highest densities in stable, unproductive environments, particularly in high-altitude mire pools and tarns. In most cases, non-endemic taxa coexisted with endemic species. This raised questions about (1) the special characteristics of mire pools and tarns (since endemism might be expected in areas that have unique environmental characteristics), and (2) the mechanisms that have allowed existing endemic taxa to withstand displacement by common cosmopolitan taxa, which, by definition, are successful colonisers. I addressed these questions using two years of data from four subalpine mire pools (Bealey Spur wetland, near Arthur’s Pass, South Island). Physico-chemical data showed that water chemistry of these pools may differ from that of many Northern Hemisphere mire systems with respect to the relationship between pH and dissolved ions (especially calcium). This may be due to a combination of high pH rainfall, high rainfall quantities that limit the acidification effects of humic substances, and possibly vegetation differences. Therefore, some endemic taxa may be confined to these habitats because of the characteristic properties of the pools. I investigated the effects of disturbances in these stable environments. In the largest pool endemic species were shown to decline as wind-induced substrate disturbance increased. Endemic species also declined in two pools following small-scale experimental substrate disturbances. In all cases, non-endemic species remained unchanged. The distinctive species Eunophora cf. oberonica was responsible for much of the observed decline in endemic species abundances, which was evidently due to destruction of their specialised habitat within the cyanobacterial mats that made up the pool substrates. I explained pool-specific responses of diatom communities to disturbances by drawing on recent theory of invasibility as an intrinsic environmental property. I further investigated species coexistence by examining several general patterns of interspecific coexistence described for macroscopic organisms (e.g., abundance – occupancy, abundance – persistence). Patterns in mire-pool diatom communities were generally similar to those in larger organisms, and did not differ with respect to geographical range size (endemics vs. non-endemics), except at the scale of single pools. At this scale, endemic taxa, in particular E. cf. oberonica, can persist as dominant species. All the community analyses were underpinned by detailed taxonomic studies, from which I assessed over 40% of the more common species in the pools to be either endemic or likely to be endemic. Two species occurring in the study area are formally described as new species. Overall, this work highlights the vulnerability of this hidden component of New Zealand’s biodiversity to disturbances and environmental changes.

La tesis doctoral „Ficcionalizar el referente. Violencia, Saber, Ficcion y Utopía en El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno de Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala“ tiene como objetivo explicar la violencia, el saber, la ficción y la utopía en El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno. Este estudio se inicia con la Historia de la Recepción de El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno en el siglo XX. El criterio principal en la elaboración de este registro ha sido analizar estudios destacados sobre la crónica peruana y que han abierto nuevos significados desde diferentes disciplinas. De esta manera la Historia de la Recepción de El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno se inicia a partir de un "Ensayo de Interpretación" desde la arqueología hasta arribar a la ciencia filológica que amparada por el fortalecimiento de los estudios culturales y el cuestionamiento de los "metarrelatos" en las tres últimas décadas del siglo XX desarrolló un "acto de descolonización" desde la crítica histórica y literaria. Los conceptos de violencia, saber, ficción y utopía han sido constantes a lo largo del proceso de lectura y reflexión de la crónica peruana. De esta manera este estudio responde a interrogantes sobre las dimensiones y los espacios de la violencia en la crónica peruana. Este estudio reconoce además que los relatos del fin del mundo andino y su recomposición corresponden a la confluencia de saberes y a su ubicidad. En El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno se hallan escenas de "experiencia límite" que puede tener un desenlace trágico con la desaparición y la muerte del autor o el abandono y perdida de esperanza de sus ideales. Sin embargo la crónica de Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala concluye por una apuesta por la vida y por tanto participa de un "saber de vida" o un "saber vivir" debido a que se halla el registro sobre la vida y de un saber que tiene la vida como objetivo central en el relato histórico. De esta manera la crónica peruana contiene una lógica narrativa que "socava la estática de un destino irrevocable" y elabora una denuncia del mundo desolador con el anhelo de transformarlo. Esta escena produce fricción entre lo que afirma el cronista y la representación ficcional del dibujo, de esta manera se halla un espacio entre lo vivido e inventado que abarcaran todo un campo de experimentación que oscilan entre una dicción plena y la fórmula ficcional. La tesis doctoral „Ficcionalizar el referente. Violencia, Saber, Ficcion y Utopía en El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno de Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala“ identificó una eclosiva fuga de la referencialidad textual de la crónica peruana para crear sus propias referencialidades bajo un sentido utópico. El testimonio dramático, la denuncia en voz e imagen no estarán distanciados del elemento fantástico y legendario propio de los primeros escritos latinoamericanos. Los artificios narrativos de El Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno crea territorialidades textuales aptas para la imaginación y la leyenda, cercano a lo real maravilloso. La crónica indígena fue concebida cuando se organizaba el "Buen gobierno y justicia", en un ambiente confrontacional, pero también en un mundo que era nuevo, naciente en un momento que América aparecía como idealización del ansiado proyecto platónico de nación feliz, de un buen gobierno, una mejor nación, una utopía. / The dissertation "Ficcionalizar el referente. Violencia, Saber, Ficcion y Utopía en El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno de Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala" aims to explain violence, knowledge, fiction and utopia in El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno. This study begins with the history of the reception of the El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno in the twentieth century. The main criterion in making this record was to analyze outstanding studies on Peruvian chronic and have opened new meanings from different disciplines. The history of the reception of the El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno starts from a "ensayo de intrepretación" from archeology to arrive at the philological science covered by the strengthening of cultural studies and questioning the "metarrelatos" in the last three decades of the twentieth century developed an "acto de descolonización" from the historical and literary criticism. The concepts of violence, knowledge, fiction and utopia have been constant throughout the process of reading and reflection of Peruvian chronic. Thus, this study answers questions about the dimensions and spaces of violence in Peruvian chronic. This study also recognizes that the stories of the end of the Andean world and its reorganization correspond to the confluence of knowledge and its "ubicidad". El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno hat scenes of the "experiencia límite" that can have a tragic "desenlace" with the disappearance and death of the author or the abandonment and loss of hope for his ideals. However chronicle Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala concludes with a commitment to life and therefore part of "saber de vida" or "saber vivir" because the record is about life and knowledge that has life as a central objective in the historical narrative. Therefore the chronic Peruvian contains a narrative logic that "undermines the static of an irrevocable destiny" and prepares a report of the bleak world with the desire to change it. This scene produces friction between the claims of the writer and the fictional representation of the design, thus is a space between experience and invented that would cover a whole field of experimentation ranging from full diction and fictional formula. The dissertation "Ficcionalizar el referente. Violencia, Saber, Ficcion y Utopía en El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno de Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala" identified an "eclosiva fuga de la referencialidad textual" of Peruvian chronic to create their own "referencialidades" under a utopia. The dramatic testimony, the complaint in voice and image will not be alienated from himself and legendary fantasy element of the early Latin American writings. The narrative artifices of the El Primer Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno creates "territorialidades textuales aptas para la imaginación y la leyenda, cercano a lo real maravilloso". The Indian chronicle was conceived when organizing the "Buen Gobierno y Justicia" in a confrontational environment, but also in a world that was new, rising at a time when America appeared as idealization of the Republic of Plato, a good government, a utopia.

Mire pools – shallow water-bodies in peat-forming wetlands – are a characteristic feature of New Zealand’s subalpine and alpine landscapes (>1000 m a.s.l.), yet have been the subject of few biological studies to date, particularly of their algal communities. This research focuses on these subalpine systems, and on their diatom communities. Despite the established paradigm of ubiquitous dispersal in micro-organisms, recent taxonomic studies have confirmed a distinctive endemic component in the freshwater diatom flora of the New Zealand / Tasmania / East Australian region. In this study, I examined benthic diatom communities from >320 freshwater sites throughout New Zealand and showed that over 20% of species may be confined to this region. The endemic diatom species had highest densities in stable, unproductive environments, particularly in high-altitude mire pools and tarns. In most cases, non-endemic taxa coexisted with endemic species. This raised questions about (1) the special characteristics of mire pools and tarns (since endemism might be expected in areas that have unique environmental characteristics), and (2) the mechanisms that have allowed existing endemic taxa to withstand displacement by common cosmopolitan taxa, which, by definition, are successful colonisers. I addressed these questions using two years of data from four subalpine mire pools (Bealey Spur wetland, near Arthur’s Pass, South Island). Physico-chemical data showed that water chemistry of these pools may differ from that of many Northern Hemisphere mire systems with respect to the relationship between pH and dissolved ions (especially calcium). This may be due to a combination of high pH rainfall, high rainfall quantities that limit the acidification effects of humic substances, and possibly vegetation differences. Therefore, some endemic taxa may be confined to these habitats because of the characteristic properties of the pools. I investigated the effects of disturbances in these stable environments. In the largest pool endemic species were shown to decline as wind-induced substrate disturbance increased. Endemic species also declined in two pools following small-scale experimental substrate disturbances. In all cases, non-endemic species remained unchanged. The distinctive species Eunophora cf. oberonica was responsible for much of the observed decline in endemic species abundances, which was evidently due to destruction of their specialised habitat within the cyanobacterial mats that made up the pool substrates. I explained pool-specific responses of diatom communities to disturbances by drawing on recent theory of invasibility as an intrinsic environmental property. I further investigated species coexistence by examining several general patterns of interspecific coexistence described for macroscopic organisms (e.g., abundance – occupancy, abundance – persistence). Patterns in mire-pool diatom communities were generally similar to those in larger organisms, and did not differ with respect to geographical range size (endemics vs. non-endemics), except at the scale of single pools. At this scale, endemic taxa, in particular E. cf. oberonica, can persist as dominant species. All the community analyses were underpinned by detailed taxonomic studies, from which I assessed over 40% of the more common species in the pools to be either endemic or likely to be endemic. Two species occurring in the study area are formally described as new species. Overall, this work highlights the vulnerability of this hidden component of New Zealand’s biodiversity to disturbances and environmental changes.

A cibercultura, cultura contemporânea mediada pelo digital em rede, potencializada pelos usos dos dispositivos móveis, delineia novas formas de relações: econômicas, sociais, profissionais, políticas, educacionais, trazendo novos contornos à sociedade. Neste contexto, esta dissertação buscou compreender em que medida, a mobilidade dada pelas redes telemáticas sem fio podem ser utilizadas dentro de um contexto educativo, entendendo que esse contexto se dá dentrofora da universidade, nos diversos espaçostempos da cidade. Buscamos, para tanto, articular à pesquisa-formação (Macedo, Santos e Josso) com abordagem multirreferencial (Ardoino), os pressupostos das pesquisas nos dos com os cotidianos (Alves) e criamos, no contexto formativo da disciplina de Didática, da Licenciatura de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, atos de currículo com os usos dos dispositivos móveis e do digital em rede, em diálogo com os estudos da cibercultura (Lévy, Lemos, Santaella, Santos). Analisando os usos do digital em rede e dos dispositivos móveis no contexto formativo dos estudantes de Didática e suas narrativas, chegamos aos seguintes achados: a) as interfaces sociais definem a percepção do espaço em que estamos assim como as possibilidades de interação comunicacional com os outros; b) a mobilidade dada pelo digital em rede e pelos usos dos dispositivos móveis imprime outras dinâmicas ao como e quando aprenderensinar; c) expandir as estratégias de aprendizagemensino disponíveis por meio do digital em rede aumenta a possibilidade de acesso a conteúdos, informações, reconfigurando o papel da universidade; d) no que tange ao acesso livre à rede, tanto dentro da universidade quanto na cidade, há necessidade de políticas públicas efetivas para a inclusão digital; e) no âmbito da pesquisa-formação, nossa pesquisa contribuiu para a formação de docentes, criando as ambiências pedagógicas necessárias para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências para uma gestão mais flexível do conhecimento e dos processos de aprendizagemensino dentrofora da universidade. / Cyberculture, or the contemporary culture to have emerged from digital networks and been potencialised by the use of mobile devices, has delineated new forms of relations: economic, social, professional, political and educational, reshaping society. In this context, this dissertation sought to understand to what degree the mobility offered by wireless telematic networks might be utilised within an educational context, given that this context is located insideoutside universities, in the citys various spacetimes. We therefore sought to link research-training (Macedo, Santos and Josso) with a multi-referential approach (Ardoino) and the assumptions of research in/of and related to daily routines (Alves). We developed new educational activities by using mobile and digital network devices in the educational context of the subject of Didactics studied as part of the course for a Teaching Degree in Primary Education at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, in a dialogue with studies on cyberculture (Lévy, Lemos, Santaella, Santos). By analysing the use of digital network and mobile devices in the educational context of Didactics students and their narratives, we reached the following conclusions: a) social interfaces define our perception of space and the possibilities for communication with others; b) the mobility offered by digital network devices and by users of mobile devices imprints other dynamics in how and when they learnteach; c) expanding the strategies available for learningteaching by means of digital network devices increases the possibility of accessing content and information, reconfiguring the role of the university; d) there is a need for effective public policies for digital inclusion in terms of free network access, both in universities and in cities; e) in the sphere of research-training, our study contributed to training teachers, creating the pedagogic environments necessary for the development of skills and competences for more flexible management of knowledge and of the university learningteaching insideoutside processes.

A cibercultura, cultura contemporânea mediada pelo digital em rede, potencializada pelos usos dos dispositivos móveis, delineia novas formas de relações: econômicas, sociais, profissionais, políticas, educacionais, trazendo novos contornos à sociedade. Neste contexto, esta dissertação buscou compreender em que medida, a mobilidade dada pelas redes telemáticas sem fio podem ser utilizadas dentro de um contexto educativo, entendendo que esse contexto se dá dentrofora da universidade, nos diversos espaçostempos da cidade. Buscamos, para tanto, articular à pesquisa-formação (Macedo, Santos e Josso) com abordagem multirreferencial (Ardoino), os pressupostos das pesquisas nos dos com os cotidianos (Alves) e criamos, no contexto formativo da disciplina de Didática, da Licenciatura de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, atos de currículo com os usos dos dispositivos móveis e do digital em rede, em diálogo com os estudos da cibercultura (Lévy, Lemos, Santaella, Santos). Analisando os usos do digital em rede e dos dispositivos móveis no contexto formativo dos estudantes de Didática e suas narrativas, chegamos aos seguintes achados: a) as interfaces sociais definem a percepção do espaço em que estamos assim como as possibilidades de interação comunicacional com os outros; b) a mobilidade dada pelo digital em rede e pelos usos dos dispositivos móveis imprime outras dinâmicas ao como e quando aprenderensinar; c) expandir as estratégias de aprendizagemensino disponíveis por meio do digital em rede aumenta a possibilidade de acesso a conteúdos, informações, reconfigurando o papel da universidade; d) no que tange ao acesso livre à rede, tanto dentro da universidade quanto na cidade, há necessidade de políticas públicas efetivas para a inclusão digital; e) no âmbito da pesquisa-formação, nossa pesquisa contribuiu para a formação de docentes, criando as ambiências pedagógicas necessárias para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências para uma gestão mais flexível do conhecimento e dos processos de aprendizagemensino dentrofora da universidade. / Cyberculture, or the contemporary culture to have emerged from digital networks and been potencialised by the use of mobile devices, has delineated new forms of relations: economic, social, professional, political and educational, reshaping society. In this context, this dissertation sought to understand to what degree the mobility offered by wireless telematic networks might be utilised within an educational context, given that this context is located insideoutside universities, in the citys various spacetimes. We therefore sought to link research-training (Macedo, Santos and Josso) with a multi-referential approach (Ardoino) and the assumptions of research in/of and related to daily routines (Alves). We developed new educational activities by using mobile and digital network devices in the educational context of the subject of Didactics studied as part of the course for a Teaching Degree in Primary Education at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, in a dialogue with studies on cyberculture (Lévy, Lemos, Santaella, Santos). By analysing the use of digital network and mobile devices in the educational context of Didactics students and their narratives, we reached the following conclusions: a) social interfaces define our perception of space and the possibilities for communication with others; b) the mobility offered by digital network devices and by users of mobile devices imprints other dynamics in how and when they learnteach; c) expanding the strategies available for learningteaching by means of digital network devices increases the possibility of accessing content and information, reconfiguring the role of the university; d) there is a need for effective public policies for digital inclusion in terms of free network access, both in universities and in cities; e) in the sphere of research-training, our study contributed to training teachers, creating the pedagogic environments necessary for the development of skills and competences for more flexible management of knowledge and of the university learningteaching insideoutside processes.

Le cybercommerçant se distingue du commerçant traditionnel à travers ladématérialisation de ses activités due à l’utilisation d’Internet. Ainsi, la dématérialisation desactivités du cybercommerçant, en dépit des avantages, pose deux séries de problèmes dues àl’ubiquité et à la dépersonnalisation. L’ubiquité se manifeste par le fait que le site Internet ducybercommerçant est accessible dans presque tous les États. La dépersonnalisation crée desrisques dus d’une part, au défaut de présence physique des parties contractantes et d’autrepart, à l’utilisation du support électronique pour conclure le contrat. L’objectif est d’anéantirles effets néfastes de l’ubiquité et de la dépersonnalisation dans le but de sécuriserl’environnement du professionnel du commerce électronique. La solution consiste à appliquerau cybercommerçant les règles générales et à rejeter les règles spéciales. En définitive, cetteétude sur le cybercommerçant permet de confronter la nouveauté aux concepts anciens afin dedécouvrir qu’Internet affectant l’activité du commerçant à travers la dématérialisation, permetde revitaliser les concepts traditionnels en nous faisant prendre conscience des dangers dessolutions nouvelles nécessitant l’élaboration de règles spéciales. En ce sens la révolutionnumérique invite bien plus à une relecture du droit qu’à une révolution du droit. / The cyber trader is distinguished from traditional shop trader through thedematerialization of his activities due to the use of Internet. Thus, the dematerialization of thecyber trader’s activities, despite the benefits, raises two sets of problems due to ubiquity anddepersonalization. Ubiquity is manifested by the fact that the website of the cyber trader isavailable in almost all States. Depersonalization creates risks due, on the one hand, to the lackof physical presence of the contracting parties and the other hand, to the use of electronicsupport to conclude the contract. The objective is to destroy the harmful effects of ubiquityand depersonalization in order to secure the environment of the e-commerce professional. Thesolution is to apply general rules to the cyber trader and reject special rules. Ultimately, thisstudy on the cyber trader allows confronting the new to the old concepts in order to discorverthat the Internet affecting the trader’s activity through dematerialization, helps to revitalizetraditional concepts by making us aware of the dangers of new solutions requiring thedevelopment of special rules. In this sense, the digital revolution invites more to a rereadingof the law than a revolution of the law

Dans ses Remarques mêlées, Wittgenstein écrivait : « Qui enseigne aujourd’hui la philosophie ne choisit pas pour son élève une nourriture à son goût, mais celle qui est capable de changer son goût. »Et nous avons mauvais goût manifestement : notre palais n’est sensible qu’aux schèmes verticaux. Il n’affectionne que ce qui s’y apparente. Ce « nous » auquel nous nous référons n’englobe pas que les étudiants. Il désigne avant tout les professionnels de la philosophie, et ceux des sciences humaines. La cible de Wittgenstein, c’est finalement l’universitaire. Celui, du moins, qui en a adopté le langage et les codes, et qui, à travers eux conçoit ce qu’est un résultat et les moyens d’y parvenir.Adopter ce langage et ces codes en philosophie résulte d'un malentendu, d'une ambition qui ne peut que manquer ce qu'elle voudrait atteindre, car cette méthode ne lui est pas propre : elle se calque sur celle des sciences. Elle édifie quand elle devrait décrire, elle démontre quand elle devrait étaler.La philosophie ne devrait être qu’horizontalité. C’est là le « message wittgensteinien », nous semble-t-il. C’est en tout cas comme cela que nous nous permettons de le formuler. Il est présent en chaque point de son œuvre, de manière plus ou moins perceptible, il est vrai. La forme de celle-ci se déroule, se dessine peu à peu à partir de ce précepte. C’est la raison pour laquelle il n'est pas évident pour le lecteur de s’y retrouver. Rien ne lui est livré comme de coutume, dans les emballages desquels il est familier. Le message est distillé à chaque instant, par touches succinctes, peu importe le tableau. C’est en cela qu’on peut parler d’ubiquité de la pensée wittgensteinienne. / In Culture and Value, Wittgenstein wrote: ‘Someone who teaches philosophy nowadays gives his pupil foods, not because they are to his taste, but in order to change his taste.’We obviously have bad taste: our palate is only sensitive to vertical schema. It only likes what it is similar to it. This ‘us’ we refer to, does not only include students. It mostly designates the professionals of philosophy, and those from Human Sciences. Wittgenstein's aim is, after all, the academic. Or at least, the one who uses its language and its codes, and through them, knows what a result is and the means to reach it.Use this language and these codes in philosophy, is the result of a misunderstanding, of an ambition that is only able to miss what it wants to reach, because this method is not its own: it models itself on the scientific one. It edifies when it should be describing and demonstrates when it should be spreading.Philosophy should only be horizontality appears to be the ‘Wittgensteinian message’, it seems to us. We allow ourselves to express it as so anyway. We can find this message, in a more or less discernible way, that is true, all along his work. The shape of Wittgenstein's work appears bit by bit from this precept. This is the reason why it is not easy for the reader to find his way through. Nothing is given to him as usual, in the packages he is used to receive it. The message is disclosed, in every instant, by succinct touches, no matter the picture. We can therefore talk about the ubiquity of Wittgensteinian thought.

Submitted by Daniella Sodre (daniella.sodre@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-10T15:07:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Rogéria Mendes do Nascimento.pdf: 6087929 bytes, checksum: f6f88668d4b9a8a62916a6146a23f6e8 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T15:07:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Rogéria Mendes do Nascimento.pdf: 6087929 bytes, checksum: f6f88668d4b9a8a62916a6146a23f6e8 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CNPq / A contaminação por agrotóxicos é um tema de pesquisa que vem despertando atenção, tendo em vista suas consequências para a saúde humana, e o risco de degradação do meio ambiente, causados por seu uso crescente e, muitas vezes, inadequado, sendo um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no meio rural brasileiro. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar os níveis de contaminação ambiental, provocados pelo uso de agrotóxicos na região de maior produção de hortaliças folhosas do Estado de Pernambuco. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram os seguintes: avaliação da presença de agrotóxicos nas hortaliças, na água superficial e subterrânea, no solo, possíveis presença de substâncias tóxicas no sangue dos agricultores, e uma proposta de ações para o gerenciamento ambiental da área em estudo. O local de estudo foi a bacia hidrográfica de Natuba, situado no município da Vitória de Santo Antão – PE. Vinte e quatro poços de inspeção foram usados na coleta de dados no período de um ano. Relacionaram-se a presença e quantidade de agrotóxicos nas folhas de alface, cebolinha e coentro, no solo, na água do lençol freático, do Riacho Natuba e no sangue dos agricultores que manusearam e aplicaram agrotóxicos nesses cultivos. A metodologia adotada para a detecção foi o ―Método Multiresíduos (holandês)‖, que determina, aproximadamente, cem princípios ativos para cada amostra. Um total de 24 amostras de água e de solo foram analisadas bem como seis amostras das hortaliças. Comparou-se o potencial de lixiviação dos diferentes agrotóxicos identificados como mais utilizados na bacia pelos índices do potencial relativo de lixiviação (RLPI) e o índice GUS (Groundwater Ubiquity Score). Também foi aplicado um questionário aos agricultores locais focado no uso de agrotóxicos, numa amostra de tamanho 50. Amostras de sangue de 36 trabalhadores foram colhidas para o teste da enzima colinesterase. Os ingredientes ativos com maiores potenciais de lixiviação encontrados na área foram o 2,4D e o Imidacloprid. No lençol freático foram identificados quatro ingredientes ativos: Azoxystrobin, Imidacloprid, Phenthoate e Tebuconazole. Em 18 poços de inspeção as concentrações dos princípios ativos estavam acima do máximo permitido segundo a Portaria nº 2914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde. No solo e nas hortaliças foram encontrados três ingredientes ativos também identificados na água subterrânea. Os resultados das amostras de sangue indicaram que 33% dos homens apresentaram os níveis das enzimas colinesterase abaixo do considerado normal. Já com relação às mulheres, os níveis foram ainda mais alarmantes, pois 67% sinalizaram baixos níveis dessa enzima. O ingrediente ativo Abamectina foi encontrado nas culturas de alface e coentro, embora não seja autorizado o uso nessas culturas. Na análise estatística apenas uma correlação positiva foi encontrada, entre o Tebuconazole e o íon hidrogênio do solo. Este cenário reflete a falta de gerenciamento ambiental adequado para a utilização dos agrotóxicos na subbacia em estudo. Desta forma, cabe aos órgãos públicos competentes, a partir desses resultados, comprometerem-se na elaboração de estratégias que busquem melhorar a horticultura na região.