The subjects of this study are 575 teachers of After School Alternative Program in Tainan City. By doing survey, it aims at investigating those teachers¡¦ perspective of the causes of the underprivileged students¡¦ low achievement, the remedial teaching method and the outcomes of remedial teaching. The results will offer suggestions for the future study and the remedial teaching teachers¡¦ training held by the education administrative organization. According to the outcome of the study, the conclusions are as followings. 1.Most of the After School Alternative Program teachers attribute the causes of the underprivileged students¡¦ low achievement to students¡¦ personal factor. 2.The After School Alternative Program teachers agree with the remedial teaching method and consider ¡¥teaching strategy¡¦ as the most important. 3.Most of the After School Alternative Program teachers agree with the effect of the remedial teaching and think that ¡¥teaching development¡¦ affects the outcomes the most. 4.The teachers with different experiences, different education backgrounds and from different school scales have different opinions of the causes of the underprivileged students¡¦ low achievement, the remedial teaching method and the outcomes of remedial teaching. 5.The After School Alternative Program teachers think that the remedial teaching method positively affects its outcomes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / Objetivo: Investigar o desfecho clínico relacionado à violência e mortalidade em dependentes de álcool de um bairro da periferia da Zona Sul de São Paulo submetidos a tratamento ambulatorial especializado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de sete anos, com trezentos e três pacientes adultos que procuraram tratamento da dependência do álcool e foram investigados. Destes, 23 recusaram a participação no estudo e 37 não foram localizados, totalizando 243 sujeitos. Durante esse procedimento, buscamos a associação da violência com o álcool e com a criminalidade por meio do SAAD e de um questionário sobre padrão de consumo alcoólico da WHO/ISBRA, usado em estudo multicêntrico no Brasil. Levantamos os problemas associados ao consumo alcoólico por meio da DrInC-2L e de questionário estruturado para estudo de segmento que investiga variáveis relacionadas ao uso e conseqüências do consumo alcoólico. Também foram explorados os fatores de risco e proteção relacionados à mortalidade e à violência. Resultados: Foi encontrada alta taxa de mortalidade (16.9%) entre homens (19.5%; p=0.012) vivendo abaixo da linha de pobreza (20%; p=0.006). A causa morte principal apontou doenças do fígado e do pâncreas (67.5%), seguida por acidentes e crimes violentos (32.5%). SADD identificou 97.4% da amostra como sendo dependentes de álcool graves. A aderência a um grupo religioso apareceu como um importante fator de proteção relacionado a comportamentos delinqüentes. Conclusões: O alcoolismo na periferia é associado com taxas altas de crime, violência e mortalidade. Uma reforma na política pública brasileira relacionada ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas é mais que urgente e recomendada para diminuir danos aos dependentes de álcool. / Aim: To investigate the outcomes of alcohol related violence within an underprivileged violent suburban area of São Paulo-Brazil. Objective: To investigate the clinic denouement regarding the violence and mortality in alcohol addicted of a neighborhood of São Paulo suburb located in the south zone of the city submitted to the ambulatory specialized treatment. Methods: It is regarding of a retrospective study of seven years with three hundred adult patients that are looked for treatment of alcohol addicteds that were investigated. Twenty three of these addicted refused to participate of this study and thirty seven were not located, 243 persons were contacted. During this period we looked for association of violence and alcohol with crimes by SAAD and a questionnaire about the standards of alcohol consume of WHO/ISBRA, used in a multicentre study in Brazil. We mentioned the problems related to the alcohol consume by DrInC-2L and of a structured questionnaire for the segment study that investigate many variables regarding to the use and its consequences to the alcohol consume. Also it was explored the risk factors and protection related to the mortality and violence. Results: It was founded high mortality rate (16.9%) for men, (19.5%; p=0.012) living below the poverty standard (20%; p=0.006). The main cause of deaths mentioned the liver and pâncreas diseasess (67.5%), followed by violents crimes and accidents (32.5%). SADD related 97.4% of the sample as grave alcohol addicteds. To become part of a religious group seems to be a very important factor of protection related to a delinquent behavior. Conclusion: The alcoholism in the suburbs is associated to the high crimes rates. Violence and mortality. A reform in brazilian public policies related to the abusive use of alcohol is very urgent required and highly touted to decrease damage to the alcohol addicted. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Esta pesquisa visa reconstituir as dinâmicas de acesso ao Ensino Superior de jovens de frações relativamente privilegiadas das camadas populares, ingressantes em um cursinho popular localizado na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo. Em primeiro lugar, o estudo busca delinear e compreender a gênese social tanto das aspirações de ingresso no Ensino Superior quanto das dificuldades e barreiras subjetivamente experienciadas por esses jovens ao longo de suas tentativas de acesso ao sistema universitário. Além de evidenciar quais condicionamentos e modulações específicas dos processos de socialização e de escolarização, a que esses jovens foram submetidos, podem enraizar trajetórias bem sucedidas de acesso ao nível universitário, o estudo busca, igualmente, demonstrar como as diferentes redes de relações em que esses jovens encontram-se inseridos podem se refletir em diferentes estilizações de seus modos de experimentação da condição juvenil. Por fim, a natureza eminentemente política da iniciativa também conduziu o estudo à investigação dos modos como afinidades ou dissonâncias entre as origens e trajetórias dos professores e alunos do cursinho estruturam as dinâmicas interacionais a partir das quais pode ocorrer a transmissão das visões políticas de mundo e dos destinos universitários e ocupacionais que esses professores buscam projetar sobre seus alunos. / This work aims to reconstruct the educational and social trajectories of underprivileged students in their attempts to access Higher Education by attending a free-tuition prep course, located in the north of the city of Sao Paulo. First, the study seeks to delineate and understand the social genesis of both the aspirations towards Higher Education and the difficulties and barriers subjectively experienced by these students. Besides evidencing the specific conditions that might pave the way of these students towards what they acknowledge as successful paths, the study also seeks to demonstrate how the different peer groups in which they are engaged can be reflected in their different ways of experiencing their transitions to adulthood. Finally, the thick political atmosphere that characterizes the initiative has also conducted the study to investigate how affinities or dissonance between the origins and trajectories of the students, on one side, and the teacher of this prep course, on the other structure the interactional dynamics from which the transmission of political dispositions, as well as the inclinations towards determined career paths (in both the university system and the job market), can be observed.

Esta pesquisa visa reconstituir as dinâmicas de acesso ao Ensino Superior de jovens de frações relativamente privilegiadas das camadas populares, ingressantes em um cursinho popular localizado na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo. Em primeiro lugar, o estudo busca delinear e compreender a gênese social tanto das aspirações de ingresso no Ensino Superior quanto das dificuldades e barreiras subjetivamente experienciadas por esses jovens ao longo de suas tentativas de acesso ao sistema universitário. Além de evidenciar quais condicionamentos e modulações específicas dos processos de socialização e de escolarização, a que esses jovens foram submetidos, podem enraizar trajetórias bem sucedidas de acesso ao nível universitário, o estudo busca, igualmente, demonstrar como as diferentes redes de relações em que esses jovens encontram-se inseridos podem se refletir em diferentes estilizações de seus modos de experimentação da condição juvenil. Por fim, a natureza eminentemente política da iniciativa também conduziu o estudo à investigação dos modos como afinidades ou dissonâncias entre as origens e trajetórias dos professores e alunos do cursinho estruturam as dinâmicas interacionais a partir das quais pode ocorrer a transmissão das visões políticas de mundo e dos destinos universitários e ocupacionais que esses professores buscam projetar sobre seus alunos. / This work aims to reconstruct the educational and social trajectories of underprivileged students in their attempts to access Higher Education by attending a free-tuition prep course, located in the north of the city of Sao Paulo. First, the study seeks to delineate and understand the social genesis of both the aspirations towards Higher Education and the difficulties and barriers subjectively experienced by these students. Besides evidencing the specific conditions that might pave the way of these students towards what they acknowledge as successful paths, the study also seeks to demonstrate how the different peer groups in which they are engaged can be reflected in their different ways of experiencing their transitions to adulthood. Finally, the thick political atmosphere that characterizes the initiative has also conducted the study to investigate how affinities or dissonance between the origins and trajectories of the students, on one side, and the teacher of this prep course, on the other structure the interactional dynamics from which the transmission of political dispositions, as well as the inclinations towards determined career paths (in both the university system and the job market), can be observed.

Abstract Most microloan applicants in Nigeria are denied access to financial services by the commercial banks because of the high risk involved in granting loans to an individual without tangible assets to offer as collateral. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore small business owners' understanding of suitable funding options from microfinance banks in Nigeria to sustain their businesses beyond the first 5 years. An investigation was conducted on how small business owners could obtain information on funding options most suitable to sustain their business. Guided by the ethical banking operations framework theory, the strategies business owners had used was explored to understand available funding options. A homogenous sampling strategy was used to purposefully identify and select the microfinance applicants who had similar experiences using different funding options. Fifteen customers of microfinance institutions (MFIs) participated in semistructured interviews. Additional data on MFIs was obtained from established secondary sources. Yin's 5-step process was used to analyse the data, with member checking and triangulation used for validation. Key findings emerged on lack of appropriate entrepreneur training, inadequate financial management, skills gap, and inability to interpret the bank's information on loan procedures. This revealed the need to develop ways for small business owners to more easily access information on loan options. MFIs may use the findings of the study to enhance access to their financial services and promote the growth of MFIs to increase sustainable economic growth for both owners and the local communities they serve. Positive social change may be promoted through financial empowerment and job creation.

This dissertation focuses on the relationship between accessibility to job opportunities, travel mode choices and employment outcomes of the disadvantaged. In past research examining the impact of accessibility on employment outcomes of the underprivileged, it has been an implicit assumption that a poor individual's employment status is directly connected to accessibility to transport modes and job opportunities. This dissertation challenges such a fundamental assumption and argues that due to unique travel needs of the poor, a high level of access to transportation means or job accessibility provided by a given travel mode does not automatically determine the choice of that particular travel mode. What is missing in the existing literature is examination of how accessibility affects travel mode choices for low-income individuals, and how travel mode preferences subsequently influence their employment outcomes. The objective of this dissertation is to shed new light on current understanding of the relationship between transportation and employment of the disadvantaged. The study focuses on explaining what factors influence low-income individuals in their choice of a transportation mode, and more importantly, how modal preferences, along with job accessibility, affect employment of the poor. Household travel survey data from the San Francisco Bay Area and the Atlanta Metropolitan Region were used to examine this interrelationship. The research findings show that higher modal and job accessibility do not always determine the choice of a particular travel mode, defying the assumption of the previous studies. What is important for enhancing one's employment is whether or not a low-income person has regular access to cars and an individual circumstance allows the poor to utilize existing automobiles rather than the efficiency of highway network. In terms of public transportation, higher job accessibility by transit network is associated with better employment outcomes for transit users. Nonetheless, when transit riders had to access transit systems by walking, job accessibility did not have meaningful impact on employment. It is important to note that the impact that job accessibility by transit has on employment is found only in a transit-friendly Bay Area. Policy implication from this dissertation is discussed. / text

Men in economically advanced societies are more at-risk of premature mortality due to heart disease than women, and this risk is inversely proportional to their socioeconomic status (SES). In Canada, many public health reports indicate that cardiovascular disease represent about one third of all causes of death and that men’s mortality rates from these diseases are two times higher than women, making it the main contributor to health inequality. Underprivileged men have been identified as being less receptive to cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, yet research promoting heart healthy behaviours has often neglected the social mechanisms that influence the lifestyle of this population. This study aims to understand the social variation in dispositions and commitments toward body care of men from two contrasting socioeconomic groups who have suffered from a cardiovascular incident requiring hospitalization. It draws primarily on Pierre Bourdieu’s socio-cultural theory of practice and his concept of bodily habitus in order to understand distinctive lifestyle patterns in the context of cardiac rehabilitation. Qualitative data was collected through 60 semi-structured interviews of an average duration of 90 minutes. Participants were Francophone men (average age of 57.3) from the Outaouais region of the Province of Québec, Canada. A thematic content analysis showed strong social variation in terms of lifestyle and identified different dispositions towards body care in the context of heart disease. Results are organized according to three key strategies for human flourishing following a heart incident that are relevant to understand the dispositions to adopt (or not) heath practices in the context of cardiac rehabilitation: (a) achieving a sense of security; (b) preserving autonomy; and (c) maintaining dignity. The comparison between socioeconomic groups highlights the incompatibilities of healthcare services and rehabilitation programs with the priorities of underprivileged men. It also flags the potential ethical and political dimension of healthcare by examining notions of health citizenship. In conclusion, the thesis discusses the socio-political characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation programs, and the usefulness of class-based masculinities as an alternative point of view to understand health implications of lifestyles.

As the cost of higher education continues to grow at astounding rates, research shows that, in most cases, students and their families face some level of debt to pay for their undergraduate degrees (Layman, 2011). This research study will use an engaged scholarship approach to address the reason some students repay their educational debt and some students’ intent to repay their debt is quite different from the desired behavior. Additionally, we review the factors that affect students from underprivileged socioeconomic backgrounds that are, unfortunately, the largest contributor of delinquent student loan debt. Specifically, this study will identify elements using qualitative measures that influence the student’s intent and behavior to act that will assist universities in policy development to change the perceived value and the academic sustainability of the student while understanding the student’s behavior related to socioeconomic barriers and self-sacrificing influences. Additionally, two theories are used as lenses to ground this study. The theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010) is used as the focal theory, and place attachment theory (Scannell & Gifford, 2010) is used as an instrumental theory. The empirical results of this study offer factors that influence educational debt repayment and policy design.

This thesis deals with the postponement of compulsory school attendance. The theoretical part defines the characteristics of the pre-season in terms of the development of key competencies and skills as a prerequisite for entry into school and also describes the concept of school readiness and legislative definition postponement of compulsory school attendance. It also discusses the risk areas for children and their removal. The work also addresses the key factors that may dominate in the postponement of school attendance (eg. Family socio-culturally disadvantaged environment, attention deficits, speech problems, health problems) and possible sources of support for the child at risk for school attendance postponement (eg .: Family , kindergartens, educational-psychological counseling centers, special pedagogical center, leisure activities, etc.). I also mention the risk of early entry into primary school. In the practical part we will learn what areas of risk in children most often. Results get the records of the child's progress during the first term of the school year, based on which we can experience a significant shift of children in different areas and with the help of a questionnaire survey, observation of children. The aim is to map areas at risk children and to monitor the effect of specially...

Cette étude repose sur l’observation de la mise en oeuvre, sous l’égide du Centre social de l’AMA (Association Montargoise d’Animation), d’un projet participatif dans une zone urbaine sensible.Après avoir rappelé les origines de la politique de la ville en France, et décrit les différents dispositifs qui la constituent, l’auteure analyse le déroulement de ce projet, dans lequel elle a joué un rôle de conseillère méthodologique. Elle montre comment les personnes qui ont choisi d’y participer sont parvenues à former un groupe de recherche en vue de réaliser une enquête sur la réussite scolaire, et comment elles ont su tirer partie des données recueillies pour aboutir à la rédaction d’un livret de 82 pages dans lequel elles exposent leurs conclusions.L’auteure montre enfin que la mise à distance de la réalité sociale qu’implique une démarche d’enquête a permis à ces personnes de surmonter les effets de la stigmatisation sociale dont elles se sentent les victimes pour assumer pleinement leur statut de citoyen.Loin de résulter de la transmission d’un savoir, ce changement d’attitude a été la conséquence du nouveau rôle qu’elles ont ainsi été amenées à jouer. En ce sens, une telle expérience relève de l’éducation populaire, c’est-à-dire d’un modèle d’éducation dans lequel l’enseignant accepte de partir, non pas de son propre savoir, mais de celui des « apprenants ». / This study is based on the observation of a citizen project that was implemented in an underprivileged area of Montargis, under the aegis of a « Social center » called AMA (Association Montargoise d’Animation).First, the author traces the origins of French urban policy, and describes its various administrative and operative levels. Then, she relates how some of the underprivileged citizens of this area joined the particular AMA project she has studied and in which she acted as a methodological consultant. She goes on describing how, together, they decided to conduct a survey with the aim of identifying factors which determine successful results at school, and how they wrote and published an 82 pages booklet in which they develop their findings. She makes it clear that she just recommended some research methods, without directly interfering in the survey itself.Finally, she shows that through the research they themselves conducted, the people involved in the project learned to take a step back from immediate social reality. This allowed them to overcome the effects of social stigmatization and to fully assume their citizen status. Far from submitting to transmitted knowledge, that change of attitude is an outcome of the new part they were induced to play in society. In that sense, such an experiment becomes an experience which belongs in the domain of people’s education (éducation populaire), that is to say a bottom-up education process in which teaching relies on learners’ knowledge instead of relying exclusively on teachers’ knowledge.