The thesis focuses on regulation of transfer of undertakings in the European Union and Czech law as defined by the Directive 2001/23/EC, the so called Acquired Rights Directive. Transfer of undertaking is a term used in labour law to describe a situation of change of employer as a result of legal transfer or merger. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the EU and Czech legal regulation of transfer of undertaking, especially with respect to the case law, its employment consequences, to mutually compare both regulations and finally to examine whether the Czech implementation complies with the Directive. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The first chapter is introductory and analyses the basic terminology of Czech labour law regarding employment relationship, its components and alterations, in particular the alteration of parties to employment relationship. The second chapter deals with the EU regulation of transfer of undertakings under the Acquired Rights Directive and abundant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It starts with brief description of history of respective legal regulation and then describes the temporal, personal and territorial scope of the Directive. However, the scope that is the most complicated to define is the material scope, i.e. the range of cases to...

Temporary agency work - it's legislation as well as its practise is the main topic of this thesis. It aims not only legal, but also economical and some other aspects. The issue is becoming more and more important in relation with unexpected changes at employment market. Number of temporary agency workers is expected to rise in near future. This is resulting from expectations for high-standard legislation providing efficient protection especially for temporary agency workers. The first aim is to summarize contemporary legislation in the Czech Republic, European Union and International Labour Organization. Next purpose is to point out its main problems and interpretation difficulties. Selected chapters illustrate the approach of temporary work agencies to some disputable provisions of a statute. The thesis is composed of fourteen chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of temporary agency work. Chapter One is introductory and defines concept of temporary agency work, focuses on situation on employment market and describes the development of legislation. Chapter Two provides outline of sources of legislation in the area of temporary agency work in the Czech Republic, European Union and International Labour Organization. Chapters Three to Ten deal with basic subjects taking part in...

<p>The swedish law of contract is fundamental within several civil law areas, among others labour law. The labour law contains more explicit legislation specificly adapted to the relation between employers and employees. Sometimes the labour law needs to rely on more general regulations, such as the law of contract. When the situation contains a specific contract relation dilemma it is logical to use the law of contract, when for example the law of employee protection does not reach an acceptabel solution.</p><p>Transfer of undertaking is a situation were the employee protection is disregarded. The Euro directive 2001/23/EG prescribes, by its implemented rules in the law of employee protection, that rights and duties, such as employement agreements, passes on to the earner of the business. The employee also has the right to oppose a new employement situation which follows by the 6 b § 4 piece law of employee protection.</p><p>Transfer of undertaking is becoming common i todays business life why it is important to analyse and clear the meaning of the transfer, from a labour law and contract law perspective. To make a contract law interpretation of what it means to leave an answer regarding a further employment is something that can involve more than as an employee oppose a continued employment. What includes the transfer of undertaking situation for an employee, in a contract law perspective? That is a question that summarizes the main purpose of this essay. My choise is to interpretate the law of contract restrictive to avoid a too general or wide meaning of the law.</p>

The swedish law of contract is fundamental within several civil law areas, among others labour law. The labour law contains more explicit legislation specificly adapted to the relation between employers and employees. Sometimes the labour law needs to rely on more general regulations, such as the law of contract. When the situation contains a specific contract relation dilemma it is logical to use the law of contract, when for example the law of employee protection does not reach an acceptabel solution. Transfer of undertaking is a situation were the employee protection is disregarded. The Euro directive 2001/23/EG prescribes, by its implemented rules in the law of employee protection, that rights and duties, such as employement agreements, passes on to the earner of the business. The employee also has the right to oppose a new employement situation which follows by the 6 b § 4 piece law of employee protection. Transfer of undertaking is becoming common i todays business life why it is important to analyse and clear the meaning of the transfer, from a labour law and contract law perspective. To make a contract law interpretation of what it means to leave an answer regarding a further employment is something that can involve more than as an employee oppose a continued employment. What includes the transfer of undertaking situation for an employee, in a contract law perspective? That is a question that summarizes the main purpose of this essay. My choise is to interpretate the law of contract restrictive to avoid a too general or wide meaning of the law.

Įmonės, įmonės dalies, verslo ar jo dalies perdavimas – šiandienos verslo kasdienybė. Nagrinėjamas ekonominis reiškinys turi socialinę pusę ir darbe nagrinėjamas darbo teisės prasme. Preziumuojama, jog įmonės, verslo ar jų dalių perdavimo atveju gali pasikeisti darbuotjų teisių apimtis, todėl Bendrijos teisės aktų leidėjui tenka užduotis nustatyti perdavimo sąvoką, pateikti jos požymius, o valstybėms narėms – tinkamai perkelti Direktyvą 77/187/EEB dėl valstybių narių įstatymų, skirtų darbuotojų teisių apsaugai įmonės, įmonės dalies, verslo ar verslo dalies perdavimo atveju, suderinimo bei ją keičiančią direktyvas ir konsoliduotąjį direktyvos tekstą. Vadovaujantis prezumpcija, jog įmonės, įmonės dalies, verslo ar jo dalies perdavimas pakeičia darbuotojų teisinį statusą, darbe keliami klausimai: kaip ir ar tinkamai Direktyvoje 77/187/EEB bei Europo Teisingumo Teismo praktikoje apibūdinamos „įmonės, verslo, jų dalies perdavimo“, „darbuotojų atstovų“, „informavimo ir konsultavimo procedūrų“ sąvokos ir kaip nuostatos įgyvendinamos bei kaip atsižvelgiama į Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktiką valstybėse narėse; nagrinėjami darbuotojų atstovavimo teoriniai bei praktiniai pagrindai bei skirtingos tokio atstovavimo formos; siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, ar Europos Bendrijos bei nacionalinių Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių teisinio reguliavimo modeliai darbuotojų atstovavimo ir dalyvavimo informavimo ir konsultavimo procedūrose pakankamai užtikrina darbuotojų kolektyvinių bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Transfers of undertakings of their parts are today‘s business reality. Despite the fact that this economic concept can be interpreted from many perspectives, this work approaches it from a labour law point of view. In order to safeguard employees‘ rights in the transfer of undertakings situation, the Council directive 77/187/EEC was adopted. Based on the assumption that transfers of undertakings change legal status of employees, the following issues are raised and discussed in this work: how „transfer of undertakings“, „employee representatives“, „information and consultation procedures“ are defined in the Directive 77/187/EEC and case law of EU courts and whether such definitions are clear cut and properly implemented in the national laws of EU member states; theoretical and practical grounds for employees‘ representation and its‘ forms; whether EU model and models of separate EU member of information and consultation secures the continuity of rights of employee representatives in transfer of undertakings situation. It is concluded that the above mentioned definitions still raise practical problems, models of implementation differ from state to state.

Traditionally, funeral homes have been family-owned small businesses which pride themselves on their personal, caring service. Many are located in historic houses worthy of preservation. In the past few decades, however, many family-owned funeral homes have been bought out by large, national corporations in search of big profits. The future of oldhouse funeral homes is uncertain. An inventory of funeral homes was conducted in a ninecounty area of east-central Indiana, including Blackford, Delaware, Grant, Hancock, Henry, Jay, Madison, Randolph, and Wayne Counties. Findings show that a majority (59%) of the funeral homes in the nine-county area of east-central Indiana inventoried are located in former residences built before 1950, with varying degree of modification. While some have had minimal or moderate alterations, a large percentage (54%) of these have been extensively altered over the years. Case studies of four pre-1950 funeral homes in the inventory area revealed that alterations, many of which reflect the needs of the funeral business, have affected not only their integrity but also their ratings in the Indiana Historic Sites and Structures Inventory. Recommendations include greater communication between the funeral industry and preservationists, and the establishment of guidelines for sensitive additions that are addressed specifically to the needs of the funeral industry. / Department of Architecture

Title: Special responsibility of undertaking in dominant position Author: Iva Čechráková Department: Department of Business Law Supervisor: JUDr. Daniel Patěk, Ph.D Abstract: This thesis deals with the doctrine of special responsibility of the dominant undertaking and related issues. The special responsibility of the dominant undertaking is the obligation not to allow its conduct to impair genuine undistorted competition on the common market. The doctrine of the special responsibility is tied to the prohibition on abuse of such position. One concept could not be assessed without the other, because the concept of special responsibility of the dominant undertaking is a fundamental principle for the application of the prohibition on abuse of such position. Based on that it is necessary to describe in this thesis the prohibition on abuse of dominant position together with selected prohibited practices, in which the special responsibility of the dominant undertaking is reflected. This responsibility presupposes a higher standard of vigilance reflected in the conduct of such an undertaking, because an undertaking in dominant position on the relevant market could not take all actions that the other undertakings lacking such market power could do. The question of the superdominant undertakings and the scope of...

Företagsförvärv ger ofta upphov till arbetsrättsliga och skatterättsliga frågor där många människor och stora belopp är inblandade. I samband med partiella företagsförvärv ställs dessa frågor på sin spets, i och med att svåra gränsdragningar måste göras när ett bolag delas upp. Dessa gränsdragningar görs dessutom på olika grunder i olika rättsområden. Ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv kan en misslyckad personalövergång innebära stora kostnader samt risker för konflikter. En skatterättsligt oförmånlig utgång är också kostsam. Av den anledningen har vi, i denna uppsats, valt att lägga fokus på arbetsrättsliga och skatterättsliga frågor vid partiella företagsförvärv. Dessa frågor behandlas på följande sätt. Först görs en genomgång av relevanta rättsregler inom arbetsrätt, skatterätt och bolagsrätt, för att måla upp en någorlunda nyanserad bild av både den arbetsrättsliga bedömningsgången och de skatterättsliga och bolagsrättsliga ramar inom vilka förvärvsmetoderna ligger. Mot denna bakgrund har vi valt att ställa upp tre exempel som illustrerar hur metoderna kan tillämpas för att uppnå olika arbetsrättsliga effekter. Exemplen är utformade för att täcka flertalet av de regelverk som har utretts i uppsatsens första del. Slutligen görs en samlad utvärdering av resultaten. Själva förvärvsmetoden i sig sätter upp ramarna inom vilka arbetsrätten kan tillämpas, men det är den önskade arbetsrättsliga följden som styr valet av förvärvsmetod och dess utformning. Önskade följder vad gäller arbetstagare kan uppnås samtidigt som en skatterättsligt förmånlig behandling är möjlig. Genomförandet av ett partiellt företagsförvärv, med beaktande av skatterättsliga former och arbetsrättsliga följder, kan således innebära en lyckad ”cherry-pick”. / Corporate acquisitions often give rise to questions pertaining labour law and tax law, where many people and large amounts of money are involved. In the context of partial acquisitions, these questions come to a head, since difficult delimitations must be done when dividing a company. These delimitations are, furthermore, based upon different grounds within different fields of law. From an economical perspective, a failed transition of staff can carry considerable costs and risks of conflict. A disadvantageous outcome in the context of tax law is expensive as well. For this reason we have chosen, in this thesis, to focus on questions concerning labour law and tax law in the context of partial corporate acquisitions. These questions are treated in the following manner. Firstly, a review of the relevant norms within labour law, tax law and corporate law is made. This is done to paint a somewhat nuanced picture of both the assessment process within labour law and the frames of tax and company law, in which the methods of acquisition are stipulated. Against this background, we have constructed three examples that illustrate how the methods can be applied to achieve different effects pertaining labour law. The examples are designed to cover the majority of the norms that were investigated in the first part of the thesis. Finally, a general evaluation of the results is made. The method of acquisition, by itself, erects a framework in which labour law can be applied. However, it is the desired outcome in the context of labour law that governs the choice of acquisition method and its arrangement. It is possible to achieve these desired outcomes while receiving an advantageous treatment in the context of tax law as well. The execution of a partial acquisition, with consideration for the methods within tax law and the results within labour law, can therefore amount to a successful ”cherry pick”.

Cette thèse en analyse du discours a pour objectif l'analyse comparative du genre discursif « manuel scolaire de philosophie » dans deux communautés ethnolinguistiques différentes : la France et le Brésil. Cet examen est réalisé moyennant la notion de « prise en charge énonciative » (PCE), qui est notre principale entrée pour l'analyse d'un corpus constitué de neuf manuels scolaires de philosophie. Nous cherchons ainsi à savoir comment les auteurs prennent en charge leurs discours dans les manuels, afin de répondre à la question de recherche suivante : « Quelles sont les représentations que l'on se fait de la philosophie et de son enseignement, suivant les discours des manuels français et brésiliens ? ». Les analyses linguistiques sont divisées en prise en charge énonciative maximale (PCE+) et prise en charge énonciative minimale (PCE-). L'effacement énonciatif, notion connexe à celle de PCE, ainsi qu'un ensemble de catégories issues de la linguistique de l'énonciation, sont mobilisés dans cette analyse. Dans un dernier temps de notre recherche, nous proposons quelques interprétations qui visent à rendre compte des représentations sociales concernant la philosophie et son enseignement, repérables à travers l'analyse des manuels scolaires. Nous pouvons dire grosso modo que ces représentations sociales tiennent, d'une part, à la stabilité de l'enseignement de la philosophie dans le système scolaire français et, d'autre part, à son instabilité dans le système scolaire brésilien. / This thesis in discourse analysis aims to analyse comparatively the discursive genre "philosophy textbook" in two different ethnolinguistic communities: France and Brazil. The investigation is realized using the notion of "enunciative undertaking" ("prise en change énonciative", PCE), which is our main entry point for analysing a corpus constituted by nine philosophy textbooks. We seek to know how the authors undertake their discourses in the textbooks, in order to answer the following research question: "What are the representations that one has of philosophy and its teaching, according to the philosophy textbooks' discourses?". The linguistic analyses are divided into maximal enunciative undertaking (PCE+) and minimal enunciative undertaking (PCE-). Enunciative erasing, a correlative notion of that of PCE, as well as a set of categories that stem from enunciative linguistics, are used in this analysis. At the end of our research, we propose some interpretations that seek to take into account social representations concerning philosophy and its teaching, recognisable through textbook analysis. Roughly speaking, these social representations are due, on the one hand, to the stability of philosophy teaching in the French school system and, on the other hand, to the instability of the Brazilian school system. / Esta tese em análise do discurso tem por objetivo a análise comparativa do gênero discursivo "livro didático de filosofia" em duas comunidades etnolinguísticas diferentes: a França e o Brasil. Esse exame é realizado mediante a noção de "comprometimento enunciativo" ("prise en charge énonciative", PCE), que é nossa principal entrada para a análise de um corpus constituído por nove livros didáticos de filosofia. Buscamos, assim, saber como os autores se comprometem com seus discursos nos livros didáticos, a fim de responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: "Que representações se faz da filosofia e de seu ensino, segundo os discursos dos livros didáticos franceses e brasileiros?". As análises linguísticas são divididas em comprometimento enunciativo máximo (PCE+) e comprometimento enunciativo mínimo (PCE-). O apagamento enunciativo, noção conexa àquela de PCE, assim como um conjunto de categorias oriundas da linguística da enunciação, são mobilizados nessa análise. Em um último momento de nossa pesquisa, propomos algumas interpretações que visam a dar conta das representações sociais concernentes à filosofia e ao seu ensino, identificáveis através da análise dos livros didáticos. Podemos dizer, grosso modo, que essas represetações sociais se devem, por um lado, à estabilidade do ensino da filosofia no sistema escolar francês e, por outro lado, à sua instabilidade no sistema escolar brasileiro.

- Competitor's Dominant Position and Its Abuse in the Czech and European Law The aim of this thesis is to identify and analyze issues of market dominance and its abuse as one of the most important areas of the competition law. An indispensable part of every analysis of such abuse is also a definition and assessment of the relevant market which we will deal with in a separate section of this thesis. The issue of abuse of a dominant position is analyzed with the help of the competition rules and the judicial practice of the competent authorities, both at the community and national level. First chapters are designed as an introduction to the issue of dominance, offering readers a better understanding of often ambiguous approach to competition law, its restrictions and distortions. We will also be dealing with related terms such as the competitor, the company and their mutual interchangeability. Special attention will be paid to the introduction and further analysis of the relevant market, where the correct definition is the basis for the assessment of any competition case. The issue of relevant market is demonstrated on particular examples, especially on the current case of Student Agency, where the mode of defining the relevant market also decides the final outcome of the case with respect to the...