This study attempts to capture the role and limits of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana state in implementing a set of reforms directed at the contradictions of uneven development, created by itself. This was undertaken on the basis of an internal hegemony perpetrated upon the rural masses, political patronage, and the role of the land-grabbing elite in supporting the regime on the basis of the resilience of its power. The realization that the Bophuthatswana state lacked the legitimacy, politically required to meet the aspirations of the majority of the people, in respect to sustained development on a democratic basis and, owing to a lack of popular support, resulted in a state which suffered from a fiscal, administrative and discontinuity crisis.The agrarian crisis was characterized in its objective and subjective dimensions in terms of sharply uneven development among the rural power base and in terms of massive rural poverty and political tensions. On this basis the study attempted to look at the management and role of general agriculture, extension, state veterinary services, training, and the failure of rural development initiatives within the former Bophuthatswana. The research hypothesis of the study was that efficient and effective management of veterinary services in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana were flawed due to the legitimacy crisis in state power. An urgent need thus exists and existed for a unifying framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to explain the fact of underdevelopment, and yet simple enough to provide a set of guidelines that can and could be more specific in historical, geographical and ideological contexts, in order to serve as a basis for policy formulation and political action in an emerging new South Africa.The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of subjecting them to analysis and, in so doing qualitative open-ended interview schedules were utilized. In addition, discussion by the process of interview with personnel within specific organizations in the agricultural sector and other state departments within the administrative services were conducted overtime. In further validating the hypothesis and research objectives, quantitative structured questions were constructed with the study leader and tested with a pilot group. Field work was conducted at selected sites within the erstwhile Bophuthatswana. The collection and use of statistical data made available by government institutions at the time was also utilized. These methodologies lent themselves to validating the hypothesis and research objectives. The research findings highlight the outcomes of the research and verify the assertions made in this study. Amongst others, it was found that the Bophuthatswana state, entered into a fiscal administrative and discontinuity crisis from the very beginning of its so-called independence.Land reform and rural development programmes can be effective mechanisms in the creation of social articulation and mass based democratic regimes and that; this was not possible in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana; owing to a host of factors which were articulated and confirmed in the study.The study confirms that extension and training within agricultural development can play a pivotal role in accommodating change through the effective development of human resources. The study further confirms the view that non-formal education, extension, training and agricultural development must be pursued and coordinated, in the interest of a more acceptable society. Finally, the contradictions of the agrarian question and unequal development, against the equation of food and massive poverty, can only be expected to deepen in this region of South Africa. The study concludes with a host of recommendations for veterinary services reform, and for further research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-07-05T16:46:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daniel Roberto Torres.pdf: 5076151 bytes, checksum: 01ca2620ec362203257276712b740f14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T16:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daniel Roberto Torres.pdf: 5076151 bytes, checksum: 01ca2620ec362203257276712b740f14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar a reprodução do trabalho artesanal no processo de acumulação desigual do capital e suas formas de institucionalização política diante estudo social dos países de Brasil e França. Realiza-se a problematização do trabalho artesanal desde o debate sobre a necessidade que tem o capital de reproduzir atividades artesanais na medida em que se desloca temporal e espacialmente. No desenvolvimento desigual, o trabalho artesanal apresenta formas de organização e institucionalização diferenciada entre países e regiões, o que dificulta uma compreensão sobre o seu significado atual e sua importância na economia dos países. Nesse sentido, a importância de um estudo comparativo radica em sua melhor compreensão do desenvolvimento da relação entre o trabalho artesanal e o sistema económico e político particular, visando encontrar o estado de diferenciação e igualização que o movimento de reestruturação capitalista apresenta e as possibilidades de ação para a classe trabalhadora. Como método se utiliza o materialismo histórico na base dialética da teoria do valor, e como mecanismo metodológico a teoria de estudos comparados de forma intra-regional e inter-regional. Conforme ao desenvolvimento do trabalho no estudo dos dois países é possível definir, na forma de tese, o seguinte: O desenvolvimento desigual do processo de industrialização comprometeu a diferenciação da divisão e classificação do trabalho artesanal de cada país de estudo, especialmente pelo fortalecimento da classe media na França que permitiu a configuração do setor artesanal com maior integração vertical das atividades técnicas ao mercado nacional, e no Brasil com o desenvolvimento de práticas culturais para uma classificação do artesanato e da identidade de artesão num movimento de integração horizontal ao capital. O processo de desenvolvimento geográfico desigual permitiu demostrar que existe uma tendência para a diferenciação e igualização do trabalho artesanal. Diferenciação nos diversos níveis de relação entre a divisão do trabalho e o capital, e igualização das condições de produção globalizada do trabalho artesanal pela via artística ou cultural. Por ultimo, a maior parte das ações coletivas dos trabalhadores artesanais é de caráter local, onde as lutas reivindicativas são fundamentais na proteção dos direitos privados de produção, mas não como projeto político mais abrangente. / The aim of the research is to analyze the reproduction of craft work in the process of uneven accumulation of capital and its forms of political institutionalization in the social study of the countries of Brazil and France. The problematization of the craft work is carried out since the debate about the necessity that the capital has to reproduce artisan activities to the extent to which it moves temporally and spatially. In the uneven development, the craft work presents different forms of organization and institutionalization between countries and regions, which hinders an understanding of its current meaning and its importance in the economy of the countries. In this sense, the importance of a comparative study lies in its better understanding of the development of the relationship between craft work and the particular economic and political system, in order to find the trajectory of differentiation and equalization that capitalist restructuring movement presents and the possibilities of action for the working class. Historical materialism method is used with the dialectical basis of value theory, and as a methodological mechanism, the theory of comparative studies in an intra-regional and interregional form. According to the development of the research of the two countries it is possible to define, as a thesis, the following: The uneven development of the industrialization process compromised the differentiation of the division and classification of craft work in each country of study, especially by the strengthening of the middle class in France, which allowed the configuration of the artisanal sector with more vertical integration of technical activities into the national market, and in Brazil with the development of cultural practices for a classification of craftsmanship and artisan identity in a movement of horizontal integration to capital. The uneven geographical development processes allowed demonstrate that there is a tendency for differentiation and equalization of craftsmanship. Differentiation in the diverse levels of the relation between the division of labor and capital; and equalization of globalized production of craft work by the artistic or cultural way. Finally, most of the collective actions of artisanal workers are local, where advocacy struggles are fundamental in protecting private production rights, but not as a broader political project.

No Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, ao norte do balneário Xangri-lá, a barreira holocênica encontra-se parcialmente coberta pela fase moderna e relativamente ativa de um campo de dunas transgressivo, enquanto que, ao sul deste balneário, o campo de dunas cobre completamente a barreira. Este trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento acerca desse comportamento diferenciado de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo sobre a barreira holocênica. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de vento (direção e velocidade) e precipitação de estações meteorológicas localizadas ao sul e ao norte de Xangri-lá, bem como foram realizadas medições simultâneas de vento, por meio de anemômetros portáteis, imediatamente ao norte e ao sul desse balneário. Potenciais de transporte de areia foram calculados para ambas as estações meteorológicas. Os registros históricos da estação de Tramandaí (mais ao sul) indicaram maiores velocidades de vento e menores de precipitação em relação à estação de Torres (mais ao norte). Devido a maior velocidade dos ventos em Tramandaí, o potencial de transporte de areia nessa localidade foi superior a Torres, indicando o favorecimento da migração das dunas em suas proximidades. O comportamento desigual de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo pode então estar relacionado a maior velocidade e frequência dos ventos NNE, NE, ENE e E em Tramandaí (ou seja, ao sul de Xangri-lá), além da menor precipitação que também favorece um transporte de areia mais eficiente ao sul de Xangri-lá. / In the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, to the north of Xangri-lá beach, the Holocene barrier is partially covered by the modern and relatively active phase of a transgressive dune field, while to the south of this balneario the dune field completely covers the barrier. This work contributed to the knowledge about this differentiated development behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field on the holocene barrier. Time series of wind (direction and speed) and precipitation of meteorological stations located to the south and north of Xangri-lá were used, as well as simultaneous wind measurements using portable anemometers, immediately to the north and south of this balneario. Sand transport potentials were calculated for both meteorological stations. Historical records of the Tramandaí station (further south) indicated higher wind speeds and lower precipitation relative to the Torres station (further north). Due to the greater speed of the winds in Tramandaí, the potential of sand transport in this locality was higher than Torres, indicating the favor of the migration of the dunes in its proximities. The uneven developmental behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field can then be related to the higher speed and frequency of the NNE, NE, ENE and E winds in Tramandaí (ie, south of Xangri-lá), as well as the lower precipitation also favors more efficient sand transportation south of Xangri-lá.

This study attempts to capture the role and limits of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana state in implementing a set of reforms directed at the contradictions of uneven development, created by itself. This was undertaken on the basis of an internal hegemony perpetrated upon the rural masses, political patronage, and the role of the land-grabbing elite in supporting the regime on the basis of the resilience of its power. The realization that the Bophuthatswana state lacked the legitimacy, politically required to meet the aspirations of the majority of the people, in respect to sustained development on a democratic basis and, owing to a lack of popular support, resulted in a state which suffered from a fiscal, administrative and discontinuity crisis.The agrarian crisis was characterized in its objective and subjective dimensions in terms of sharply uneven development among the rural power base and in terms of massive rural poverty and political tensions. On this basis the study attempted to look at the management and role of general agriculture, extension, state veterinary services, training, and the failure of rural development initiatives within the former Bophuthatswana. The research hypothesis of the study was that efficient and effective management of veterinary services in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana were flawed due to the legitimacy crisis in state power. An urgent need thus exists and existed for a unifying framework that is sufficiently comprehensive to explain the fact of underdevelopment, and yet simple enough to provide a set of guidelines that can and could be more specific in historical, geographical and ideological contexts, in order to serve as a basis for policy formulation and political action in an emerging new South Africa.The hypothesis and research objectives of the study were validated by means of subjecting them to analysis and, in so doing qualitative open-ended interview schedules were utilized. In addition, discussion by the process of interview with personnel within specific organizations in the agricultural sector and other state departments within the administrative services were conducted overtime. In further validating the hypothesis and research objectives, quantitative structured questions were constructed with the study leader and tested with a pilot group. Field work was conducted at selected sites within the erstwhile Bophuthatswana. The collection and use of statistical data made available by government institutions at the time was also utilized. These methodologies lent themselves to validating the hypothesis and research objectives. The research findings highlight the outcomes of the research and verify the assertions made in this study. Amongst others, it was found that the Bophuthatswana state, entered into a fiscal administrative and discontinuity crisis from the very beginning of its so-called independence.Land reform and rural development programmes can be effective mechanisms in the creation of social articulation and mass based democratic regimes and that; this was not possible in the erstwhile Bophuthatswana; owing to a host of factors which were articulated and confirmed in the study.The study confirms that extension and training within agricultural development can play a pivotal role in accommodating change through the effective development of human resources. The study further confirms the view that non-formal education, extension, training and agricultural development must be pursued and coordinated, in the interest of a more acceptable society. Finally, the contradictions of the agrarian question and unequal development, against the equation of food and massive poverty, can only be expected to deepen in this region of South Africa. The study concludes with a host of recommendations for veterinary services reform, and for further research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

Die Dissertation befasst sich mit Einkommenszyklen offener Volkswirtschaften. Im Grundmodell werden Einkommensunterschiede der Länder durch verschiedene Lernexternalitäten ausgelöst. Arbeitsteilung im internationalen Handel verfestigt die Ungleichentwicklung. Das Aufkommen neuer Technologien benachteiligt Länder hoher Lernexternalitäten und ermöglicht die Umkehrung der Einkommensunterschiede. Mit immer neuen Technologien geht so ein ständiger Wechsel der Einkommenspositionen einher. In dieses Modell wird in der Dissertation eine Lernfunktion integriert. Erweiterungen befassen sich mit den Veränderungen des Einkommenszyklus durch anreizkompatible Verteilung der Handelsgewinne, durch Auftreten von Spillovers der Lernexternalität zwischen den Ländern und zwischen den Technologiegenerationen und durch Migration von Arbeit.

A dissertação baseia-se na Teoria do Desenvolvimento Geográfico Desigual, fruto das elucubrações e da inserção do viés marxista no âmbito da Geografia Crítica ou Radical, que desvelará a produção das diferenciações espaciais concernente ao espaço urbano. Apoiado nessa base teórica objetiva-se desvelar a produção do espaço desigual no bairro de Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, com foco nas Zonas Residenciais 3 e 4, pela leitura das políticas urbanas estatais, que fragmentam e restringem o acesso aos diferentes espaços do bairro, estabelecidas e influenciadas pelo neoliberalismo no momento atual da integração e acumulação do sistema político-econômico mundial estabelecido como Globalização. Ainda, verifica-se a influência dos agentes privados na formulação de tais políticas e na apropriação e produção do espaço. / This dissertation is based on the Theory of Uneven Geographical Development, born from the lucubrations and the insertion of the Marxist thought within the Marxist Critical Geography or Radical Geography, unveiling the production of spatial differentiations concerning the urban space. Supported by this theoretical background it aims to unveil the production of unequal space in the district of Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, with a focus on Home Zones 3 and 4, by reading the State urban policies, which fragment and restrict access to different areas of the district, established and influenced by neoliberalism at this moment of integration and accumulation of the global political-economical system established as Globalization. Yet, there is the influence of private actors in the formulation of such policies and the later appropriation and production of this space.

No Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, ao norte do balneário Xangri-lá, a barreira holocênica encontra-se parcialmente coberta pela fase moderna e relativamente ativa de um campo de dunas transgressivo, enquanto que, ao sul deste balneário, o campo de dunas cobre completamente a barreira. Este trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento acerca desse comportamento diferenciado de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo sobre a barreira holocênica. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de vento (direção e velocidade) e precipitação de estações meteorológicas localizadas ao sul e ao norte de Xangri-lá, bem como foram realizadas medições simultâneas de vento, por meio de anemômetros portáteis, imediatamente ao norte e ao sul desse balneário. Potenciais de transporte de areia foram calculados para ambas as estações meteorológicas. Os registros históricos da estação de Tramandaí (mais ao sul) indicaram maiores velocidades de vento e menores de precipitação em relação à estação de Torres (mais ao norte). Devido a maior velocidade dos ventos em Tramandaí, o potencial de transporte de areia nessa localidade foi superior a Torres, indicando o favorecimento da migração das dunas em suas proximidades. O comportamento desigual de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo pode então estar relacionado a maior velocidade e frequência dos ventos NNE, NE, ENE e E em Tramandaí (ou seja, ao sul de Xangri-lá), além da menor precipitação que também favorece um transporte de areia mais eficiente ao sul de Xangri-lá. / In the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, to the north of Xangri-lá beach, the Holocene barrier is partially covered by the modern and relatively active phase of a transgressive dune field, while to the south of this balneario the dune field completely covers the barrier. This work contributed to the knowledge about this differentiated development behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field on the holocene barrier. Time series of wind (direction and speed) and precipitation of meteorological stations located to the south and north of Xangri-lá were used, as well as simultaneous wind measurements using portable anemometers, immediately to the north and south of this balneario. Sand transport potentials were calculated for both meteorological stations. Historical records of the Tramandaí station (further south) indicated higher wind speeds and lower precipitation relative to the Torres station (further north). Due to the greater speed of the winds in Tramandaí, the potential of sand transport in this locality was higher than Torres, indicating the favor of the migration of the dunes in its proximities. The uneven developmental behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field can then be related to the higher speed and frequency of the NNE, NE, ENE and E winds in Tramandaí (ie, south of Xangri-lá), as well as the lower precipitation also favors more efficient sand transportation south of Xangri-lá.

A dissertação baseia-se na Teoria do Desenvolvimento Geográfico Desigual, fruto das elucubrações e da inserção do viés marxista no âmbito da Geografia Crítica ou Radical, que desvelará a produção das diferenciações espaciais concernente ao espaço urbano. Apoiado nessa base teórica objetiva-se desvelar a produção do espaço desigual no bairro de Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, com foco nas Zonas Residenciais 3 e 4, pela leitura das políticas urbanas estatais, que fragmentam e restringem o acesso aos diferentes espaços do bairro, estabelecidas e influenciadas pelo neoliberalismo no momento atual da integração e acumulação do sistema político-econômico mundial estabelecido como Globalização. Ainda, verifica-se a influência dos agentes privados na formulação de tais políticas e na apropriação e produção do espaço. / This dissertation is based on the Theory of Uneven Geographical Development, born from the lucubrations and the insertion of the Marxist thought within the Marxist Critical Geography or Radical Geography, unveiling the production of spatial differentiations concerning the urban space. Supported by this theoretical background it aims to unveil the production of unequal space in the district of Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, with a focus on Home Zones 3 and 4, by reading the State urban policies, which fragment and restrict access to different areas of the district, established and influenced by neoliberalism at this moment of integration and accumulation of the global political-economical system established as Globalization. Yet, there is the influence of private actors in the formulation of such policies and the later appropriation and production of this space.

No Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, ao norte do balneário Xangri-lá, a barreira holocênica encontra-se parcialmente coberta pela fase moderna e relativamente ativa de um campo de dunas transgressivo, enquanto que, ao sul deste balneário, o campo de dunas cobre completamente a barreira. Este trabalho contribuiu para o conhecimento acerca desse comportamento diferenciado de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo sobre a barreira holocênica. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de vento (direção e velocidade) e precipitação de estações meteorológicas localizadas ao sul e ao norte de Xangri-lá, bem como foram realizadas medições simultâneas de vento, por meio de anemômetros portáteis, imediatamente ao norte e ao sul desse balneário. Potenciais de transporte de areia foram calculados para ambas as estações meteorológicas. Os registros históricos da estação de Tramandaí (mais ao sul) indicaram maiores velocidades de vento e menores de precipitação em relação à estação de Torres (mais ao norte). Devido a maior velocidade dos ventos em Tramandaí, o potencial de transporte de areia nessa localidade foi superior a Torres, indicando o favorecimento da migração das dunas em suas proximidades. O comportamento desigual de desenvolvimento da fase moderna do campo de dunas transgressivo pode então estar relacionado a maior velocidade e frequência dos ventos NNE, NE, ENE e E em Tramandaí (ou seja, ao sul de Xangri-lá), além da menor precipitação que também favorece um transporte de areia mais eficiente ao sul de Xangri-lá. / In the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, to the north of Xangri-lá beach, the Holocene barrier is partially covered by the modern and relatively active phase of a transgressive dune field, while to the south of this balneario the dune field completely covers the barrier. This work contributed to the knowledge about this differentiated development behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field on the holocene barrier. Time series of wind (direction and speed) and precipitation of meteorological stations located to the south and north of Xangri-lá were used, as well as simultaneous wind measurements using portable anemometers, immediately to the north and south of this balneario. Sand transport potentials were calculated for both meteorological stations. Historical records of the Tramandaí station (further south) indicated higher wind speeds and lower precipitation relative to the Torres station (further north). Due to the greater speed of the winds in Tramandaí, the potential of sand transport in this locality was higher than Torres, indicating the favor of the migration of the dunes in its proximities. The uneven developmental behavior of the modern phase of the transgressive dune field can then be related to the higher speed and frequency of the NNE, NE, ENE and E winds in Tramandaí (ie, south of Xangri-lá), as well as the lower precipitation also favors more efficient sand transportation south of Xangri-lá.

Die Dissertation befasst sich mit Einkommenszyklen offener Volkswirtschaften. Im Grundmodell werden Einkommensunterschiede der Länder durch verschiedene Lernexternalitäten ausgelöst. Arbeitsteilung im internationalen Handel verfestigt die Ungleichentwicklung. Das Aufkommen neuer Technologien benachteiligt Länder hoher Lernexternalitäten und ermöglicht die Umkehrung der Einkommensunterschiede. Mit immer neuen Technologien geht so ein ständiger Wechsel der Einkommenspositionen einher. In dieses Modell wird in der Dissertation eine Lernfunktion integriert. Erweiterungen befassen sich mit den Veränderungen des Einkommenszyklus durch anreizkompatible Verteilung der Handelsgewinne, durch Auftreten von Spillovers der Lernexternalität zwischen den Ländern und zwischen den Technologiegenerationen und durch Migration von Arbeit.