Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed May 13, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliography.

Since 1994, Chicana/o artists, musicians, and activists have been in dialogue with the Zapatista indigenous movement of Chiapas, Mexico. Such a transnational bridge has resonated in a new and unique form of Chicana/o cultural politics centered on the Zapatista concept of “autonomy” and “autonomous organizing.” In Los Angeles, California, this brand of “Chicana/o urban Zapatismo,” as I refer to it in the dissertation, is symbolic of recent political and cultural organizing efforts by Chicanos to combat housing gentrification, economic restructuring, racial and ethnic cleansing, environmental pollution in low-income areas, and mass anti-immigrant hysteria. This dissertation contends that Chicana/o urban Zapatismo is a result of various local, statewide, national, and international social justice movements that embrace the global trend in urban and rural areas towards constructing locally rooted participatory and democratic methods of organizing that are “horizontal” and that mobilize against such far-reaching social forces as racism and global capitalism. Using ethnographic data and interviews collected between 2005 to 2007, this dissertation maps the emergence of Chicana/o urban Zapatismo by tracing its historical origins to the changing social, political, and economic conditions of ethnic Mexican communities in Los Angeles, California; capturing the everyday internal and external tensions between one primarily working class Chicano autonomous collective, the Eastside Café ECHOSPACE in El Sereno, California; offering the case study of the South Central Farm, a 14-acre Mexican and Latino immigrant community garden; and charting the trans-border organizing of Chicana/o urban Zapatistas surrounding the most recent Zapatista-initiated project, “the Mexican Other Campaign”. These four distinct case studies converge in Los Angeles in the creation of a unique political process referred to as “urban Zapatismo”. This ethnographic study suggests that by uncovering the everyday relationships and tensions between Chicana/o urban Zapatistas in Los Angeles and the communities they live in, researchers looking at the production of different forms of racisms and structural inequalities in urban areas may derive a greater understanding of social (re)organization and mobilization by a growing, diverse, and historically marginalized group like Chicanos in the United States. / text

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar, sob a perspectiva antropológica, representações envolvidas no universo simbólico da etiqueta a partir de um campo privilegiado de observação empírica - os cursos de etiqueta oferecidos na cidade de São Paulo nos anos de 1990 - e, também, de instrumentos midiáticos como sites, livros, programas televisivos que constroem um repertório cultural do qual o público se utiliza para consumir tal bem simbólico. Analisamos, por fim, de que forma os aspectos conflitivos e simbólicos que emergem nesse campo polissêmico nos ajudam a compreender a "teia de significados" construída pelos sujeitos envolvidos nessa prática cultural. / The aim of the present study is to anaylise the representation involved in the symbolic universe of etiquette from an anthropological view, based on a privileged field of empirical observation - the etiquette courses taking place in the city of São Paulo in the 1990´s - and also on the media (web sites, books, magazines and tv programmes), which build a cultural fund that provides the public with such symbolic goods. At last we have analysed how the symbolic and conflitive aspects that come out from this varied help us to understand the "web of meanings" created by the individuals involved in this cultural practice.

Desde meados da década de 90 tornou-se prática de muitos jovens paulistas festejar ao ar livre, em áreas afastadas do centro urbano, por mais de 14 horas, ao som de música eletrônica e sob efeito de psicoativos, especialmente um novo, denominado de "ecstasy". Essas festas, chamadas de "raves", são realizadas em espaços especialmente escolhidos e preparados para a construção e o fortalecimento de uma rede de sociabilidade particular, nos quais se exercitam encontros, trocas, lealdades e conflitos. Rede que não se esgota no próprio evento, mas se alastra e orienta fluxos de pessoas e grupos pela cidade de São Paulo. Observando as raves brasileiras, principalmente as paulistas, é objetivo dessa dissertação anotar como contextos empíricos sujeitaram as definições de rave a reavaliações. Embora a perpectiva histórica de quase dez anos de raves no Brasil aponte para uma multiplicação de formatos de festas, o modo peculiar de festejar subsiste como um tema, uma referência e uma performance. / Since the mid 90's, it became popular among some young groups that live in or around São Paulo city to celebrate parties on open air in remote areas, far away from downtown, for more than 14 hours in a row, to the sound of electronic music and under the effect of drugs - mainly one called ecstasy. Those parties, also known as Raves, are held in especific places prepared for the construction and fortification of a network of a particular sociability, under which engagement, interchanges, loyalties and disputes are exercised. This network doesn't constrain iself only to such event, but spreads out and determines flows of people and groups throughout the São Paulo. The aim of this work is to examine the Brazilian Raves, especially the ones held in the state of São Paulo. The aim of this grasp the functional revaluations of meaning observed in the field work. Althougt the historical perpective of almost ten years of Raves in Brazil suggest for a increase in raves formats, the peculiar raving way still endures as a theme,a reference and a performance

A presente dissertação parte de meu engajamento como aprendiz de boxe em três diferentes equipamentos na cidade de São Paulo. Uma etnografia emaranhada em narrativas viscerais sobre uma pratica corporal eficaz, complexa, coletiva e contraditória. Para isso, procurei um olhar de perto e de dentro, convivendo solidariamente com meus colegas, desde a rotina das academias aos torneios e competições. Histórias de vida, corpos em metamorfose, olhares e gestos que representam, como mímica da violência, a postura da agressividade, se entrelaçam no limite entre o fantástico e o cotidiano. Boxe é movimento, compromisso matemática, dor, sacrifício, amor, dança, é sério, é pensar com as pernas, é roubar no olho, é para existir em outro lugar, é ritmo, tempo e barulho. Busquei compreender como se dá a construção de territórios, corpos e relações a partir do comprometimento em calçar as luvas. O mundo do boxe envolve uma emaranhada e complexa trama política-social, justapondo masculinidades conflitantes e contraditórias, utopias e reterritorializações, significados sobre racismo e violência, disciplina e sacrifício, espaços urbanos e fronteiras simbólicas, resultando em dinâmicas históricas singulares e carregadas de significação para as pessoas envolvidas. / The present dissertation starts from my engagement as boxing apprentice in three different equipments in the city of São Paulo. An ethnography entangled in visceral narratives about an effective, complex, collective and contradictory body practice. For this, I sought a look from near and within, living together with my colleagues, from the routine of the academies to the tournaments and competitions. Life stories, bodies in metamorphosis, looks and gestures that represent, as a mimic of violence, the posture of aggression, are intertwined in the limit between the fantastic and the everyday. Boxing is \"movement\", compromise, \"math\", \"pain\", \"sacrifice\", \"love\", \"dance\", \"serious\", is \"think with legs\", is \"steal in the eye\", is to \"exist elsewhere, is \"rhythm, time, and noise. I have tried to indicate how the construction of territories, bodies and relationships is given from the commitment to put on the gloves. The boxing world involves a complicated and complex political-social fabric, juxtaposing conflicting and contradictory masculinities, utopias and reterritorializations, meanings about racism and violence, discipline and sacrifice, urban spaces and symbolic frontiers, resulting in unique historical dynamics and charged with significance for the people involved.

Este é um trabalho sobre antropólogos pesquisando na cidade. Metodologicamente falando, é uma investigação sobre certo olhar da Antropologia para a cidade de São Paulo olhar que se encontra em algumas dissertações e teses produzidas na Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da USP em períodos bem demarcados. Não se trata, portanto, de toda Antropologia paulistana nem paulista, nem brasileira que investigou questões no contexto urbano, mas daquela produzida no período que abrange de 1960 até o ano 2000, presente em trabalhos de alguns professores e seus orientandos cujas trajetórias representam o tratamento de certas temáticas, em pelo menos três momentos distintos da história institucional da FFLCH da USP e da vida da cidade. O enfoque dos trabalhos aqui analisados não foi o fenômeno urbano enquanto tal, mas problemas colocados pelas transformações socioeconômicas, políticas e culturais da realidade brasileira. / This is a paper about anthropologist searching in the city. Methodologically speaking, it is an investigation about a certain looking from the anthropology to the São Paulo city a looking that is found in some dissertations and thesis produced in the Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas in Universidade de São Paulo in very demarcated periods. Though, it is not about all the São Paulo city anthropology neither São Paulo state nor Brazilian that investigated questions in the urban context, but that one produced in the period that covers from the year 1960 to the year 2000, present in the papers of some mentors and their mentee students which path represents the treatment of certain tematics, in at least three distinct moments of the FFLCH institucional history in USP and in the life of the city. The approach of the papers analised in this paper was not the urban phenomenon itself, but the problems emerged by the socioeconomic, political and cultural transformations of the Brazilian reality.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo acompanhar a trajetória de indivíduos atuantes na cena das intervenções na paisagem oficial da cidade de Porto Alegre. Em uma dupla inserção, foram acessados circuitos (Magnani, 1999), trajetórias e projetos (Velho, 2013) tanto das intervenções autorizadas, muitas dessas organizadas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre através da Secretaria Municipal da Juventude, bem como das intervenções não-autorizadas, seguindo rastros através de fóruns em redes sociais online. Utilizando-se da etnografia de rua (Eckert e Rocha, 2013), isto é, da “[...]exploração dos espaços urbanos a serem investigados através de caminhadas em que o pesquisador está atento às variações das formas de ocupação do espaço, dos jogos de interação social e tensões nos territórios vividos” (Eckert; Rocha, 2013:31), buscou-se um afastamento de dicotomias preestabelecidas entre as nomenclaturas “graffiti” e “pixo”, tendo por intenção primeira compreender como os indivíduos inseridos nessa prática transitam com maior liberdade do que supõe o discurso midiático ou institucional entre essas categorias, tornando suas fronteiras porosas e imprecisas. / The present research aims to follow the trajectory of individuals active in the scene of interventions in the landscape of Porto Alegre city official. In a dual-insert, were accessed circuits (Magnani, 1999), trajectories and projects (Old, 2013) both authorised interventions, many of those organized by the municipality of Porto Alegre through the Municipal Department for youth, as well as unauthorized interventions, trail through forums on online social networks. Using Ethnography (Eckert and rock, 2013), that is, the "[...] exploration of urban spaces to be investigated by hiking in which the researcher is aware of the variations of the forms of space occupation, of social interaction and tensions in the territories lived "(Eckert; Rock, 2013:31), sought a pre-established dichotomies between the spacing nomenclatures "graffiti" and "pixo", with the intention to first understand how individuals inserted in this practice carried over with greater freedom than the media or institutional discourse between these categories, making their porous borders and inaccurate.

Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo etnográfico sobre as práticas de Le Parkour realizado em São Paulo. Essa nova prática corporal urbana de origem francesa vem ganhando adeptos no mundo todo, principalmente após o advento dos sites de armazenamento de vídeos na internet. Esse estudo pretende traçar um breve histórico das relações entre corpo e cidade tendo como fio condutor da narrativa os lazeres urbanos. Para tanto, almeja-se apresentar as especificidades do Parkour nesse contexto. Ao historicizar o surgimento dessas novas práticas corporais, pretende-se elencar a hipótese de que elas são marcadas pela passagem da sociedade disciplinar para a sociedade de controle. Finalmente, o estudo pretende lançar mão da ideia de construção lúdica da cidade em contraponto à noção de apropriação do espaço urbano. / This work introduces an ethnography study about the practice of Le Parkour performed in São Paulo city. This new corporal urban practice, native of France, is been gaining adepts from worldwide, especially after the emergence of video hosting sites on the internet. This study aims to provide a brief historical about the relationship between body and city, using the urban leisure as a point. For this, pretends to present the specificities of Parkour in this context. By historicizing the emergency of this news practices, intend to defend the hypothesis that they are marked by the passage of disciplinary society to control society. Finally, the study pretends to use the idea of ludic construction of the city in contrast to the notion of appropriation of urban space.

Esta tese apresenta uma análise das relações das pessoas de camadas populares com a casa em que moram e os objetos que a compõe para compreender como se dão os processos de construção da identidade para essa camada da população tomando como objeto suas relações com a moradia e seus objetos. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que o espaço da casa expressa processos de construção da identidade. Esta pesquisa entende que os membros de uma mesma casa não se relacionam com o espaço da mesma forma. Na verdade, acredita-se que o espaço da casa seja negociado, renegociado e apreendido, de acordo com os projetos individuais. Para tanto foram pesquisadas quatorze casas cujas famílias moram numa favela da cidade de São Paulo. / This thesis intends to analyze the relationship between working classes with the place where they live as well as the role of the respective objects that make up their homes. The aim of this study is to comprehend the way that the dwellers identities are built taking into consideration their residences and also the respective objects. The main hypothesis of this work is that the space at home expresses the construction process of identity. This research understands that the members of a family have a different ways of interacting with the home. As a matter of fact, it is believed that the space occupation in the houses is subject to negotiation, re-negotiation and then assimilated according to plans of life of each individual . To write this thesis I carried out a research among 14 families that live in a slum area situated in São Paulo.

Recent decades have seen a shift in Scotland in terms of the provision of housing and housing-related services from the public sector to the private sector. In statistical terms, the proportion of Scottish households in the private rented sector has doubled during the past ten years. This thesis unpacks anthropologically the private rented sector as a locally-found concept in Edinburgh, largely through the medium of ‘property management', another locally-found concept. Key questions concern how the private rented sector in Edinburgh is ‘managed' at the vernacular level, how the ethics of property management take shape in Edinburgh in the context of this ongoing shift from the public to the private sectors, and how the property relations within the sector relate to existing debates in economic anthropology. The primary ethnographic material, based upon fieldwork in 2014 and 2015, is of an Edinburgh letting agency as archetypal property managers, though other material either was produced in conjunction with Shelter Scotland or stemmed from the tracing of further connections within the field. Engaging with the broader anthropology of ethics, a core conclusion is that processes of property management rest ultimately upon practices of ethics that take place at the ‘ordinary' level. A parallel aim is to consider how anthropologists might produce ethnography of an economic ‘sector', such as the private rented sector. Borrowing from Actor-Network Theory, I propose occupying a range of different vantage points in a given economic sector within a socially defined locale, such as the city, by following the connections encountered in the field, and then by allowing actors to perform both the social and the economic by tracing their associations through the production of the ethnographic text.