Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-12-16T16:49:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Loureiro Parahyba.pdf: 12255792 bytes, checksum: 6fc3bc7df2080feb13dc36f0c1efa45b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-16T16:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Loureiro Parahyba.pdf: 12255792 bytes, checksum: 6fc3bc7df2080feb13dc36f0c1efa45b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The growth of Campinas between the late twentieth century and early twenty-first, was supported by the formation of fragmented urban tissues, distant and poorly connected to each other and to the central region. This research investigates the existing conditions of the present urban settings, in particular some city clippings, focusing on urban dynamics found in the open spaces system (SEL), alongside with the process of use and occupation of the urban land and its possible socio environmental impacts. To develop this work clippings were chosen in different contexts of formation of the territory as well as a diverse socioeconomic and cultural reality, each one presenting its own urban growth milestone which characterized by: a) the peripheral zone composed by industries and low-income population; b) by the installation of large scale commercial initiatives and c) housing demand of high standard - Residencial Cosmos/Jardim Florence I, Parque Dom Pedro Shopping e Alphaville I (Rod. Campinas ? Mogi-Mirim) respectively. Using the urban morphology as a reading method of these process and the open spaces system (SEL) as protagonist of analysis, was adopted as a research method a study of the history and urban growth for each crop selected identifying: a) the different agents involved; b) management plans; c) socioeconomic and cultural contexts and d) the functional, aesthetic and environmental aspects of public and private open spaces. As a result it was possible to identify dialectical processes in the formation of the urban landscape identifying in the different morphological types their potential, barriers and conflicts. / O crescimento de Campinas entre o final do s?culo XX e o in?cio do XXI, esteve apoiado na forma??o de tecidos urbanos fragmentados, distantes e mal conectados entre si e da regi?o central. A presente pesquisa investiga as condicionantes existentes dessas atuais configura??es urbanas, em recortes espec?ficos da cidade, tendo como foco as din?micas urbanas encontradas no sistema de espa?os livres (SEL), junto aos processos de uso e ocupa??o do solo urbano e seus poss?veis impactos s?cio ambientais. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foram escolhidos recortes em diferentes contextos de forma??o do territ?rio, de realidades socioecon?micas e culturais diversificadas, apresentando cada um deles o marco de crescimento urbano caracterizado: a) pela periferiza??o de ind?strias e popula??o de baixa renda; b) pela instala??o de empreendimento comercial de grande porte e c) pela demanda habitacional de alto padr?o ? regi?es do Residencial Cosmos/Jardim Florence I, Parque Dom Pedro Shopping e Alphaville I (Rod. Campinas ? Mogi-Mirim) respectivamente. Tendo a morfologia urbana como leitura dos processos e o Sistema de Espa?os Livres como protagonista da an?lise, foi adotado, como m?todo de pesquisa, para cada recorte selecionado um estudo do hist?rico de crescimento urbano, identificando: a) os diferentes agentes envolvidos; b) os planos de gest?o; c) contextos socioecon?micos e culturais e d) os aspectos funcionais, est?ticos e ambientais dos espa?os livres p?blicos e privados. Como resultado foi poss?vel identificar processos dial?ticos na constitui??o da paisagem urbana identificando nos diferentes tipos morfol?gicos suas potencialidades, entraves e conflitos.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T18:24:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANA VALIN GON?ALVES DIAS.pdf: 20981322 bytes, checksum: 6479a83e2c1f83252a6968c0507080c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T18:24:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANA VALIN GON?ALVES DIAS.pdf: 20981322 bytes, checksum: 6479a83e2c1f83252a6968c0507080c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work investigates the history of the configuration of the city of Po?os de Caldas (MG), as well as the different processes of transformation that occurred in its urban space from the formation of this city until the 1940s. The work uses as method, studies of morphology Of European schools. From materials such as historical cartography, old photographs, plans, projects, preliminary projects and technical reports, we have the initial basis to analyze the urban form of Po?os de Caldas. / Este trabalho investiga a hist?ria da configura??o da cidade de Po?os de Caldas (MG), bem como os diferentes processos de transforma??es que ocorreram no seu espa?o urbano desde a forma??o dessa cidade at? a d?cada de 1940. O trabalho utiliza como m?todo, os estudos de morfologia urbana das escolas europeias. A partir de materiais como a cartografia hist?rica, fotografias antigas, plantas, projetos, anteprojetos e relat?rios t?cnicos, tem-se a base inicial para analisar a forma urbana de Po?os de Caldas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wu Chiang Kuo Navarro.pdf: 21368663 bytes, checksum: c7d461119b23797113e6b8c240bc26c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / Noise pollution results from human activities and compromises population life quality and welfare. This creates public health problems and several social and economic negative effects on cities. This dissertation studies how urban morphology and architecture design interact and interfere with the soundscape of a place. This study also reviews strategies, plans, and measures to reduce the impact of noise in projects in Europe, Asia and Brazil. A case study is also presented where concepts and acoustic principles are applied to analyze the soundscape of Oscar Freire, a busy commercial street in São Paulo. / A poluição sonora é resultante das atividades humanas e compromete a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar da população, gerando problemas de saúde pública, além de ser responsável por efeitos negativos na econômica e na sociedade. A presente dissertação aborda de que forma elementos da morfologia urbana e do projeto arquitetônico interagem e interferem na paisagem sonora de um lugar. Este estudo apresenta, também, as estratégias de planejamento de ação e as medidas na redução de ruído aplicadas na Europa, na Ásia e no Brasil, e um estudo de caso com aplicação dos conceitos e fundamentos da acústica urbana na paisagem sonora da Rua Oscar Freire na cidade de São Paulo.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Dans le cadre de la recherche, nous nous intéressons à la pratique du projet urbain dans les villes en décroissance (ou ville rétrécissante), plus connues sous le terme anglophone de shrinking cities. Cet intérêt est né d’un questionnement plus large sur la pratique de l’architecte-urbaniste et la fabrique de la ville en ce début du XXIe siècle, où les débats se multiplient sur la ville résiliante, économe, autosuffisante face aux crises écologiques, socio- économiques et politiques actuelles. La ville en décroissance offre ainsi un cadre intéressant pour nous confronter à cette problématique où l’architecte-urbaniste se retrouve à devoir s’adapter et se réinventer face à de multiples contraintes. Par ailleurs, le programme allemand Shrinking Cities et les réflexions portées par l’architecte-chercheur allemand Philipp Oswalt ont été un élément déclencheur. Ce dernier revendiquait l’idée que la ville en décroissance était le nouveau terrain de jeu pour explorer de nouvelles pensées architecturales et urbanistiques. Il le démontre à partir d’un travail de collecte d’expériences à travers le monde. Aujourd’hui, nous proposons de poursuivre cette réflexion et de nous poser la question suivante: quels enseignements pouvons-nous tirer de ces expériences pour notre pratique et imaginer la ville de demain ? À partir de ce questionnement, nous faisons l’hypothèse que ces nouvelles pensées architecturales et urbaines (concepts, langages architecturaux, formes urbaines, etc.) participeraient à la formulation de nouvelles formes d’habiter les territoires (usages, modèles urbains, paysage, modes de vie, etc.), permettant d’envisager différemment la fabrique urbaine en ce début du XXIe. Ces démarches seraient par ailleurs actrices dans la reconnaissance de terrains favorables pour une gestion urbaine raisonnée et dans le développement de nouveaux outils et protocoles d’action imaginés par les architecte-urbanistes.Pour répondre à notre hypothèse de recherche, nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement aux projets impulsant une mutation profonde du tissu urbain, dans sa forme comme dans ses usages que nous nommons ici par remodelage urbain. Notre analyse se base sur six démarches dites « innovantes », théoriques et réalisées, dont un cas est mis en œuvre par des habitants. Elles illustrent cette pratique dans différentes villes en décroissance depuis ces vingt dernières années.Ces cas d’étude sont situés dans des tissus urbains différents (habitat dense en centre-ville et dans les bourgs ruraux, grands ensembles, habitat pavillonnaire) pour montrer la diversité des terrains auxquels l’architecte-urbaniste peut être confronté. Parallèlement aux deux cas français (Saint-Étienne, Livradois-Forez), nous observerons d’autres expériences dans deux contextes étrangers, précurseurs en termes d’initiatives locales et de politiques urbaines : l’Allemagne (Halle- Neustadt, Dessau) et les États-Unis (Detroit). La diversité des approches et des échelles de réflexion de ces projets ne permet pas de conduire une étude comparative. Plus adaptée à notre démarche, nous proposons leur mise en discussion pour comprendre l’impact du cadre politique, socio-économique et de l’environnement urbain sur le processus de projet ainsi que la capacité de ces projets à amorcer une transformation du tissu urbain et de la ville.Notre objectif sera ainsi de comprendre l’originalité et les spécificités de ces démarches, mais aussi leurs apports potentiels dans les débats actuels sur la ville et ses évolutions. Cette démarche cherche à apporter une dimension prospective sur le sujet de la ville en décroissance. / Within the methodological framework of the academic research, this study focuses on the urban development specific to shrinking cities. This interest raised from a broader interrogation on the professional practice of urban architects and the making of the city ongoing in this early XXIth century, with regards to contemporary debates about cities that are resilient, economical, self sufficient toward ecological, socio-economical and political crises. The shrinking city offers thus an interesting framework to study architects-urban planners reactions to such contexts and constraints adaptation. Furthermore the German programm Shrinking Cities and the reflexions raised by the German architect and researcher Philipp Oswalt have been a trigger component. He claims that the shrinking city was a new playground to explore new architectural and planning thoughts. He demonstrates it from a gathering of experiences around the world. Today, we suggest to follow this reflexion and raise the following issue: which lessons are to be learned from those experiences for today’s professional practice and imagine the city of tomorrow ?From this initial questioning, we took for granted that those new ways of seeing architecture and urban project (concepts, architectural languages, urban shape, etc.) lead to new leaving standards territories (uses, urban patterns, landscape, leaving conditions, etc.), changing thus the making of the city in this beginning of XXIth century. Indeed, those processes would be influential in the identification of favourable lands for a reasoned gestion of the city and the development of new tools and acting processes imagined by architects and urban planners.To answer to our hypothesis, we focus more specifically on projects initiating a deep mutation of the urban fabric, on its form and its uses that we would call here urban reshaping. Our analysis is based on six processes meant to be “innovative”, realized or no, one of them being built by inhabitants. They illustrate this practice in different shrinking cities since the 20 past years. Those case studies are located in different urban fabrics contexts to illustrate the diversity of situations that one can be facing. In parallel of two French case studies (Saint-Etienne, Livradois-Forez), we will observe other experiences in two foreign contexts, pioneers in terms of local initiatives and urban policy: Germany (Halle-Neustadt, Dessau) and the United states (Detroit). The diversity of projects, in terms of approach and scale does not constitute a comparative study. We suggest instead a more relevant approach consisting in questioning them to understand the political, socioeconomic and environment consequences on the process of project making and the capacity of those projects to initiate a transformation of urban fabric and of the city.Our goal will be to understand the originality and specifies of those initiatives, but also potential contributions to the contemporary debates on the city and its evolutions. This approach seeks bringing a prospective dimension about the shrinking city.

As grandes cidades vivenciam constantes transformações na sua morfologia urbana e arquitetura. Estas mudanças influem diretamente na construção da imagem da cidade, assim como vão aos poucos, alterando a relação entre cheios e vazios no seu tecido. Este trabalho se propõe a investigar as morfologias de miolo de quarteirão - os vazios no interior das quadras e sua ocorrência num local determinado do Centro de Porto Alegre. O estudo se inicia no conceito do tema e segue posteriormente numa busca destas situações morfológicas em diversos momentos da arquitetura e urbanismo. Essa série de análises, chamada no trabalho de Paralelos Morfológicos, teve uma contextualização delimitada sobre modelos urbanos que tiveram influência direta na construção da forma do Centro de Porto Alegre. Um dos modelos é o da cidade tradicional, representado pelo traçado da cidade antiga. O outro, a cidade moderna, que trouxe novas relações de implantação, descolando os edifícios uns dos outros. Depois de apresentadas as situações de miolo de quarteirão nas cidades e nas edificações, o trabalho passa para montagem do estudo de caso. Primeiramente, com a pesquisa da evolução urbana da face sul e residencial do Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre. Uma análise da situação atual do bairro foi necessária para a compreensão e seleção das zonas potenciais. O objetivo final foi o mapeamento dos miolos de quarteirão na área de estudo, o qual, junto ao roteiro histórico e teórico do trabalho, pode contribuir com uma base para pesquisa sobre o espaço no interior das quadras em centros históricos. / Great cities are in constant transformation, changing their image and their urban morphology. This process also has an influence on the relation between free and constructed places in their urban tissue. This work proposes to investigate the morphology of empties places inside the blocks, researching the occurrence of these - in Porto Alegre downtown. The work begins studying the concept of these courtyards and then, follows to the search situations at different times in architecture and urbanism history. The cases presented were select from the mainly urban models that had constructed the shape of Porto Alegre Historic Center. One of these models is the traditional city, represented by the design of the old town. The other is the modern city, which brought new relations between buildings and their environments. After presenting the inside blocks situations in two scales - of the cities and architecture - the research gets into the case of Porto Alegre, where inumerous underutilized places are hidden. At this moment, the work passes through an analysis of the urban development of the residential south side of Porto Alegre Historic Center. A chapter about morphological and typological aspects was also necessary for selecting and understanding the potential areas. The ultimate goal was the mapping of the empty spaces inside the blocks at the district - the recognition of intervention possibilities. This work, within the historical and theoretical analysis presented before, contributes with a base for researching about empties spaces inside the blocks.

Em distintos momentos da história, pesquisadores investigaram e propuseram, com relativo sucesso, modelos locacionais que explicassem a origem e os processos dos crescimentos das cidades, mas, de modo frequente, esbarrando na complexidade desses sistemas. Recentemente, apoiados nas teorias sobre Sistemas Complexos, Nova Geografia Econômica e Modelos Configuracionais Urbanos, alguns conceitos proporcionam uma fundamentação mais consistente para a verificação das variáveis e suas interações espaciais, as quais identifiquem esses processos. Dentre os sistemas complexos, são representativos os conceitos sobre a resiliência e a criticalidade auto-organizada enquanto os conceitos do modelo centro-periferia, propostos pela nova geografia econômica, contribuem para compreensão das formações de aglomerações econômicas e populacionais. Tais abordagens conduzem ao desenvolvimento da hipótese de que a localização relativa dos serviços urbanos e dos moradores, no espaço intraurbano, estaria condicionada a duas forças que se contrapõem, “centrípeta e centrífuga”, que são geradoras de “tensões” as quais conduzem o sistema a atingir níveis críticos por determinados períodos até que novas condições movam o sistema, de maneira surpreendente, a um novo limiar. O processo de crescimento do sistema urbano seria, assim, sujeito às variações de densidades populacionais e das localizações dos diferentes serviços urbanos e suas externalidades econômicas existentes na cidade. A averiguação e os comportamentos destas forças foram testados em uma situação real, na cidade de Santa Maria – RS. Os dados populacionais e dos serviços urbanos foram espacializados recorrendo a um Sistema de Informação Geográfica – SIG e suas interações avaliadas com o uso de medidas configuracionais urbanas. Espera-se, com isso, contribuir para a consolidação do conhecimento da dinâmica urbana e das condições dos diversos estados do sistema urbano. / At different times, researchers have investigated and proposed, with relative success, locational models that explain the origin and the processes of urban growth, but, often, failing to account for the complexity of these systems. Recently, the theories of Complex Systems, New Economic Geography and Urban Configurational Models, have provided concepts with a more consistent rationale for checking variables and the spatial interactions that identify these processes. The Complex Systems framework has provided the concepts of resiliency and self-organized criticality, whereas New Economic Geography has furnished the center-periphery model, which aids in understanding economic and population agglomerations. These approaches support the hypothesis that the relative location of urban services and residents in the intraurban space is subject to centripetal and centrifugal forces, which generate tensions that lead the system toward critical levels for determined periods until new conditions move the system, unexpectedly, to a new threshold. The growth process of the urban system is thus subject to variations in population density and in localization of the different urban services and their economic externalities that exist in the city. The behaviors of these forces were tested in a real situation, in the city of Santa Maria, RS. Population and urban services data were spatialized using a Geographic Information System – GIS and their interactions were evaluated with the use of urban configurational measures to contribute to our knowledge of urban dynamics and the conditions of the various states of the urban system.

Environ trois quarts des ressources globales sont aujourd'hui consommés dans les aires urbaines. Le processus d'urbanisation induit des changements sévères du climat local, de la qualité environnementale des espaces, ainsi qu'une augmentation significative de la demande énergétique des bâtiments. Les projections statistiques sur la croissance de la population urbaine indiquent que cette situation tendra à s'aggraver dans les années à venir. Il devient donc impératif de chercher d'autres stratégies pour mieux adapter les environnements urbains aux nouvelles demandes énergétiques, afin de réduire l'empreinte environnementale des villes. Dans ce contexte, ce travail est une contribution à la recherche énergétique urbaine, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne l'énergie consommée et potentiellement produite parles bâtiments à l'échelle urbaine locale. La morphologie urbaine est ici considérée comme un paramètre crucial dans le processus d'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique du cadre bâti. Dans les zones de basses latitudes, sous climat tropical, l'énergie solaire incidente est extrêmement abondante. Toutefois, la bonne utilisation de cette ressource dans les bâtiments peut suggérer l'adoption de formes urbaines très peu denses et étales, en vue de réduire les obstructions produites par l'environnement proche. A rebours, ces formes urbaines très peu denses peuvent entrainer une augmentation des apports solaires sur les façades,élevant la demande énergétique. Le contrôle des gains solaires sur les façades pour la réduction de la demande énergétique peut ainsi représenter une perte potentielle en terme d'éclairement naturel des espaces, et une réduction du potentiel de production d'énergie solaire. Afin de quantifier le potentiel de ces stratégies conflictuelles, il devient indispensable de convoquer des modèles d'analyse pluridisciplinaires, permettant de mettre en oeuvre des approches multicritères dans le processus de conception de la forme urbaine. Cette thèse s'appuie sur une réflexion prospective sur les quartiers de la ville de Maceió, Alagoas, au Brésil. Dans un premier temps, un ensemble de paramètres morphologiques caractéristiques sont employés pour identifier et caractériser le potentiel solaire de typologies de référence de la ville. Ensuite, ces paramètres sont soumis à une analyse de sensibilité via un plan d'expérience. Les paramètres statistiquement significatifs sont alors intégrés à une méthode paramétrique d'optimisation dans laquelle l'algorithme génétique NSGA-II est couplé à un algorithme simplifiée de radiosité, visant à maximiser le potentiel de production d'énergie sur les toitures des bâtiments, tout en minimisant les apports solaires sur ses façades. Nous considérons des seuils d'éclairement naturel et intégrons des règles locales d'urbanisme comme contraintes aux projets. Cinq typologies représentatives du tissu urbain de Maceió ont ainsi été identifiées. L'ensemble des indicateurs les plus influents sur le potentiel solaire des formes urbaines a été hiérarchisé, en mettant l'accent notamment sur le rôle du prospect moyen ou de l'albédo des surfaces. La méthode d'optimisation a permis de tester plus de 80 000configurations d'ilots urbains et les résultats obtenus font apparaître une grande diversité de morphologies «optimum». Ces projets ont des performances solaires supérieures à celles des typologies existantes dans la ville. Cette intégration de stratégies énergétiques contradictoires montre qu'au-delà de l'intégration de contraintes variées et d'une meilleure adaptation à la complexité du processus de design urbain, l'approche utilisée ici apparaît très utile pour la recherche de solutions urbaines performantes à l'échelle des quartiers. Cette approche peut ainsi participer au renouvellement de l'Architecture de la Ville / At the beginning of 21th century, the world was faced with unprecedented environmental transformations. The urbanization process reached record levels and it keeps increasing, especiallyin developing countries. Around 3/4 of global resources are currently consumed in urban settlements, with corresponding adverse environmental consequences which leads to severe local climate changes, affecting environmental quality of spaces and leading to a significant increase of energy demand in buildings. A projection of the world urban population indicates that this situation will worsen in the coming years. It is therefore imperative that we understand how to design less resource intensive urban settlements. This research consists of a contribution to the energy debate in cities, focusing on the energy potentially consumed and produced by the built environment in the neighborhood scale. Urban morphology has been pointed out as a pivotal issue on shifting to climate adapted urban environments towards energy efficiency of buildings. In tropical climate regions, solar energy represents a high potential for renewable electric production in buildings, recording high levels of irradiation throughout the year. Though, engaging such a strategy may suggest applying sparsely low-density urban forms, aiming at reducing obstructions caused by the urban built surroundings. On one hand, scattered and less dense urban forms may result in significant increase of solar thermal load in buildings vertical facades, but on the other hand, the control of the solar heat gains in urban facades may represent significant losses on indoors daylight levels andalso reducing solar energy harness. Estimating the relative potential of these conflicting design strategies, taking into account the constrained parameters related to local building regulation, requires coupling multidisciplinary and multiobjective models of analysis in order to integrate multi-criteria approach in the urban design process. This thesis aims to contribute to a prospective energy debate toward sustainable urban districts for the city of Maceió in Brazil. Firstly, a set of energy-related morphological parameters are applied to identify, classify and characterize the solarpotential of local urban typologies. Then, these parameters are analyzed by means of a sensitivity analysis using a design of experiments reduced factorial method. The statistically most significant parameters are then submitted to a parametric design methodology via optimization, in which thenon-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is coupled with a simplified radiosity algorithm.The solar constraints are integrated as design criteria aiming at maximizing the solar energy potential on building roofs and minimizing solar gains on the their vertical facades. Daylight threshold levels as well as local building regulation parameters are taken into account as design constraints. Five representative types of urban fabric of Maceió were identified which allowed examining and adapting them from the use of energy-related indicators of the urban form. A set of most influential indicators of solar potential of urban forms was hierarchized, highlighting the role of the aspect ratio and albedo of urban surfaces. The application of optimization algorithm allowed testing more than 80,000 urban settings, pointing out a great diversity of "optimum" morphologies of urban blocks. The urban block designs obtained behaved better compared to the existing local typologies. Dealing with conflicting energy strategies by means of a constrained evolutionary optimization design process offered a great opportunity in searching for new solutions to the urban design in the neighborhood scale, helping to guide urban designers' decisions and allowing arenewal of the Architecture of the city

As grandes cidades vivenciam constantes transformações na sua morfologia urbana e arquitetura. Estas mudanças influem diretamente na construção da imagem da cidade, assim como vão aos poucos, alterando a relação entre cheios e vazios no seu tecido. Este trabalho se propõe a investigar as morfologias de miolo de quarteirão - os vazios no interior das quadras e sua ocorrência num local determinado do Centro de Porto Alegre. O estudo se inicia no conceito do tema e segue posteriormente numa busca destas situações morfológicas em diversos momentos da arquitetura e urbanismo. Essa série de análises, chamada no trabalho de Paralelos Morfológicos, teve uma contextualização delimitada sobre modelos urbanos que tiveram influência direta na construção da forma do Centro de Porto Alegre. Um dos modelos é o da cidade tradicional, representado pelo traçado da cidade antiga. O outro, a cidade moderna, que trouxe novas relações de implantação, descolando os edifícios uns dos outros. Depois de apresentadas as situações de miolo de quarteirão nas cidades e nas edificações, o trabalho passa para montagem do estudo de caso. Primeiramente, com a pesquisa da evolução urbana da face sul e residencial do Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre. Uma análise da situação atual do bairro foi necessária para a compreensão e seleção das zonas potenciais. O objetivo final foi o mapeamento dos miolos de quarteirão na área de estudo, o qual, junto ao roteiro histórico e teórico do trabalho, pode contribuir com uma base para pesquisa sobre o espaço no interior das quadras em centros históricos. / Great cities are in constant transformation, changing their image and their urban morphology. This process also has an influence on the relation between free and constructed places in their urban tissue. This work proposes to investigate the morphology of empties places inside the blocks, researching the occurrence of these - in Porto Alegre downtown. The work begins studying the concept of these courtyards and then, follows to the search situations at different times in architecture and urbanism history. The cases presented were select from the mainly urban models that had constructed the shape of Porto Alegre Historic Center. One of these models is the traditional city, represented by the design of the old town. The other is the modern city, which brought new relations between buildings and their environments. After presenting the inside blocks situations in two scales - of the cities and architecture - the research gets into the case of Porto Alegre, where inumerous underutilized places are hidden. At this moment, the work passes through an analysis of the urban development of the residential south side of Porto Alegre Historic Center. A chapter about morphological and typological aspects was also necessary for selecting and understanding the potential areas. The ultimate goal was the mapping of the empty spaces inside the blocks at the district - the recognition of intervention possibilities. This work, within the historical and theoretical analysis presented before, contributes with a base for researching about empties spaces inside the blocks.

O trabalho analisa as dinâmicas territoriais contemporâneas e os fluxos de metropolização promovidos em áreas de expansão urbana, tendo como estudo Ribeirão Preto, cidade de médio porte localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo/Brasil. O município, com área de 650,955 Km², apresenta 604.682 habitantes, conforme o censo de 2010 promovido pelo IBGE-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. É um dos principais parques agroindustriais brasileiros compondo a terceira região de maior relevância econômica do estado de São Paulo - principal região econômica do país -, com um produto interno bruto per capita igual a 28.100,52 reais [sendo o produto interno bruto per capita brasileiro igual a 21.252,41 reais, segundo o mesmo censo]. O período entre a década de 1980 e os anos 2000 foi marcado por um extraordinário desenvolvimento econômico da região de Ribeirão Preto com desdobramentos na urbanização de seu território contíguo. De forma semelhante ao que ocorreu nas principais metrópoles brasileiras, a cidade passou a produzir e experimentar situações urbanas decorrentes das novas lógicas de organização econômica e social, com particular articulação em relação aos interesses imobiliários. A lógica do mercado imobiliário, coligada ao modelo de acumulação vigente nos últimos quarenta anos - marcado pela financeirização da economia -, possui rebatimentos na configuração do espaço urbano. A privatização de frações consideráveis do território, principalmente em áreas de expansão, apresenta-se como produto e preceito da conformação espacial atual, colaborando para o acirramento de processos de segregação morfológica e social dos ambientes urbanos e de transformação dos valores públicos e culturais. Este modelo de expansão, cindido da conformação histórica da cidade e alimentado pela flexibilização da legislação urbana, cria condições para o surgimento de problemas que associam um desenho urbano tributário da iniciativa privada a processos de gentrification. A resultante é uma urbanização dispersa, contudo, conectada à estrutura urbana existente por um viário que estimula o transporte individual em detrimento de sistemas coletivos. O problema de tal constituição urbana não está no fato de responder às demandas provenientes do novo modelo de acumulação, mas sim de reduzir-se apenas a isso, voltando-se exclusivamente às dinâmicas econômicas e, portanto, estando divorciada das dimensões políticas e de cidadania da sociedade. O trabalho busca compreender as novas produções em curso dos espaços urbanos, investigando as privatizações de áreas significativas do território de Ribeirão Preto: os condomínios urbanísticos e loteamentos fechados de alto padrão [de usos habitacionais e mistos] localizados em áreas de expansão urbana, particularmente implantados em regiões adjacentes à Avenida Professor João Fiúsa e à Rodovia José Fregonesi [SP-328], os quais parecem prescindir do conceito de cidade conformada historicamente, produzindo no limite [e contraditoriamente] um urbanismo sem cidade. / The work analyzes the current territorial dynamics and its metropolization flows at urban growth areas. The city chosen as the object of study was Ribeirão Preto, a São Paulo state inner city, which is classified as a medium-sized one. It has a population of 604.682 inhabitants in a 650,955 Km² area according to the 2010 census. Well known as one of the main agribusiness centers in the country, Ribeirão Preto represents the third most important economy of São Paulo state and plays a major role in the Brazilian economy. Contrasting with Brazil GDP of R$21.252,41, Ribeirão Preto has a GDP of R$28.100,52, both values per capita. Between 1980 and 2000 decades a remarkable economic development and urbanization improvement were noticed at Ribeirão Preto. As other major Brazilian metropolis, the city began to produce and experience urban situations derived from novel economic and social logics of organization with a particular articulation connected to real estate interests. The property market logic linked to an accumulation model - marked by economy financialisation -, which has been applied in the last forty years, has reverberated on urban space structural configuration. The privatization of significant fractions of the urban territory is presented as a product and provision of current spaces conformation, especially in their expansion areas. It contributes to worsening some urban processes with regards to morphological and social segregation and the transformation of public and cultural values. This urban expansion model is interpreted as one whose historical values are diminished or even not existent. It is fueled by the easing of urban legislation and increases problems involving an urban design derived from private initiatives to the gentrification process. The result is an urban sprawl which is connected to the urban sites through highways systems that stimulates individualities rather than a sense of collectiveness. The problem highlighted by this urban constitution is not only related to its response of economical demands, but it is reduced exclusively to that. This urban model has been accumulating several negative critiques, particularly concerning the divorce between the political and social dimensions of society. Based on it, the work aims the understanding of the redefinition of urban spaces. Hence, some urban private areas that exemplify this dynamic were selected: the high level private condominiums located at expansion areas, especially on Professor João Fiúsa Avenue and José Fregonesi Highway, which seems to abstract the whole concept of a city shaped historically, producing at most [and contradictorily] urban spaces without an actual city.