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Entre une perspective régionale de l’aménagement du territoire et une vision géopolitique de la région « Sahel, Maghreb », l’Etat algérien s’est engagé depuis la deuxième décennie de son indépendance non seulement à développer les transports dans les zones sahariennes mais aussi à mettre en place les équipements nécessaires pour le développement économique et social de ces zones, en desservant presque la totalité des centres urbains. Dans le Sud-ouest, cette dynamique a remodelé profondément l’espace relationnel dans la Saoura, le Gourara et le Touat. Structuré autrefois par les routes du commerce caravanier transsaharien, cet espace se désenclave, se voit attribuer de nouvelles fonctions et s’urbanise. Une nouvelle réorganisation de l’espace se met en place à l’échelle urbaine, rurale et régionale dans laquelle la ville se recompose et constitue le moteur d’insertion de ces territoires dans l’espace national. Soutenu par un nouveau réseau de transport routier, la dynamique urbaine dans le Sud-ouest algérien a concouru à dynamiser la mobilité intra-saharienne, redéfinissant ainsi de nouvelles relations spatiales entre la ville et son arrière pays mais aussi entre le Sud et le Nord. L’avènement d’une nouvelle composante humaine dans les centres urbains a entrainé des changements des rapports sociaux dans la société locale et le développement de nouveaux pratiques et comportements de consommation. La question de mobilité s’inscrit essentiellement autour de certaines logiques connues : politique, économique, sociale et culturelle, mais elle est surtout le produit de stratégies inconnues, de pratiques et d’enjeux / Between a regional perspective of the territorial (spatial) planning and a geopolitical vision of the region " Sahel, the Maghreb ", the Algerian State made a commitment since the second decade of its independence not only to develop transport in the Saharan zones but also to set up the necessary equipments for the economical and social development of these zones, by serving almost the totality of the urban areas. In the Southwest, this dynamics remodelled profoundly the relational space in Saoura, Gourara and Touat.Structured formerly by the roads of the trans-Saharan caravan business, this space opens up, attributes new functions and becomes urbanized. A new reorganization of the space is set up in the urban, rural and regional scale in which the city recomposes and constitutes the insertion engine of these territories in the national space. Supported by a new road transport network, the urban dynamics in the Algerian Southwest contributed to revitalize the intra-Saharan mobility, and so it is redefining not only new spatial relations between the city and its back country but also between the South and the North. The succession of a new human component in urban areas has entrained the changes of the social reports in the local company and the development of new practices and consumer behaviors. The question of mobility centers essentially around certain known logics: Political, economic, social and cultural, but it is especially the product of unknown strategies, practices and stakes

Este trabalho estuda a presença acentuada da vacância imobiliária e suas relações com a dinâmica urbana na área central de São Paulo. Para tanto, são verificadas as diversas formas de tratamento da vacância. A análise é completada com um breve histórico do desenvolvimento urbano da cidade. O cenário atual o cenário atual da área central é descrito através das características específicas do mercado imobiliário, da demanda, da atuação dos diversos agentes urbanos e da presença das ocupações organizadas. A metodologia utilizada inclui entrevistas com agentes ligados ao mercado imobiliário, e uma pesquisa de campo, apoiada em um plano amostral estratificado, por meio da qual se obtém a estimativa da vacância para os distritos Sé e República. Como resultado final do estudo, apontam-se os fatores do crescimento e permanência dos espaços edificados vazios na cidade de São Paulo. / This work studies the excess vacancy and its relations to the urban dynamics in downtown São Paulo. Several forms of dealing with the problem of vacancy are explored, and analysed within the context of a brief historical description of the urban development of the city. The present scenario of the central urban area is described, showing the characteristics of the real estate market, the demand on buildings, the performance of different urban agents, and the organized occupation of housing spaces. The methodology used includes interviews with agents related to the real estate market, and a survey based on a stratified sampling technique, to estimate vacancies in the districts of Sé and República. Finally, the factors leading to the uprising and persistence of vacant buildings in the central area of São Paulo are pointed out.

Este trabalho procura analisar a Saúde Pública como uma prática social, de relação de classes sociais, numa formação capitalista tardia e dependente. Parte-se do pressuposto que o caráter de dependência dá especificidades próprias ao desenvolvimento capitalista no Brasil e à institucionalização da Saúde Pública. Objetiva-se, especificamente, analisar a Saúde Pública como parte integrante na constituição de um Estado burguês. A análise engloba o período de 1889 a 1978, compreendendo quatro fases, correspondentes a rupturas políticas de regimes governamentais e está centralizada no Estado de São Paulo. Os dados analisados demonstram que, sob o domínio português e, ainda por um longo período, as atividades de saúde ficaram sob a responsabilidade de associações privadas, filantrópicas e/ou religiosas. Ao intensificar o processo de desenvolvimento capitalista e sob o impacto do imperialismo, a Saúde Pública ganha expressão e adquire uma área especifica de atuação estatal, criando estruturas técnico-burocráticas. Por meio destas, divulgam-se idéias, estabelecem-se regras e normas legais, destinam-se recursos financeiros e, também, viabilizam os diferentes interesses de classes e frações de classes, localizados dentro e fora do aparelho estatal. Os dados, ainda, demonstram que esse substrato material possibilita a sedimentação da Saúde Pública como uma atividade estatal e dá-lhe a legitimidade para impôr-se, mesmo coercitivamente, frente à sociedade. / The present investigation made an attempt to analyse Public Health as a social praxis, i.e., as a relationship of social classes inside a dependent capitalist framework. It was assumed that the external dependency of Brazilian society provides particularity to the development of capitalism and to the institutionalization of Public Heplth in Brazil. The main objective of the study was to analyse Public Health as part of the state, i.e. as one of the means to establish an imposed political order and legi timate power. Four phases were analysed between 1889 to 1978 corresponding to political ruptures of the government and was focused on the state of São Paulo. The data showed that although Brazil became independent from Portugal in 1822, Portuguese influence remained strong for a long period of time. At that phase, health activities as other social activities were private issues, being carried out by philantropic or religious associations. Upon the development of capitalism and under the impact of imperialism, Public Health increased its role and acquired its own area of state activity. Based on a bureaucratic form of organization, ideology was divulged, rules and heaith legislation were established, financial resources were allocated and different class or group interests, located inside or outside the state apparatus, were assured to coexist. Through that formal organization the relationship between health bureaucracy and clientele politics was guaranteed. Therefore, public resources were drained on behalf of private interest. It was demonstrated that alongside with it development, Public Health has consolidated itself as a state activity and has its action legitimated even when coercive measures are needed.

Este trabalho procura analisar a Saúde Pública como uma prática social, de relação de classes sociais, numa formação capitalista tardia e dependente. Parte-se do pressuposto que o caráter de dependência dá especificidades próprias ao desenvolvimento capitalista no Brasil e à institucionalização da Saúde Pública. Objetiva-se, especificamente, analisar a Saúde Pública como parte integrante na constituição de um Estado burguês. A análise engloba o período de 1889 a 1978, compreendendo quatro fases, correspondentes a rupturas políticas de regimes governamentais e está centralizada no Estado de São Paulo. Os dados analisados demonstram que, sob o domínio português e, ainda por um longo período, as atividades de saúde ficaram sob a responsabilidade de associações privadas, filantrópicas e/ou religiosas. Ao intensificar o processo de desenvolvimento capitalista e sob o impacto do imperialismo, a Saúde Pública ganha expressão e adquire uma área especifica de atuação estatal, criando estruturas técnico-burocráticas. Por meio destas, divulgam-se idéias, estabelecem-se regras e normas legais, destinam-se recursos financeiros e, também, viabilizam os diferentes interesses de classes e frações de classes, localizados dentro e fora do aparelho estatal. Os dados, ainda, demonstram que esse substrato material possibilita a sedimentação da Saúde Pública como uma atividade estatal e dá-lhe a legitimidade para impôr-se, mesmo coercitivamente, frente à sociedade. / The present investigation made an attempt to analyse Public Health as a social praxis, i.e., as a relationship of social classes inside a dependent capitalist framework. It was assumed that the external dependency of Brazilian society provides particularity to the development of capitalism and to the institutionalization of Public Heplth in Brazil. The main objective of the study was to analyse Public Health as part of the state, i.e. as one of the means to establish an imposed political order and legi timate power. Four phases were analysed between 1889 to 1978 corresponding to political ruptures of the government and was focused on the state of São Paulo. The data showed that although Brazil became independent from Portugal in 1822, Portuguese influence remained strong for a long period of time. At that phase, health activities as other social activities were private issues, being carried out by philantropic or religious associations. Upon the development of capitalism and under the impact of imperialism, Public Health increased its role and acquired its own area of state activity. Based on a bureaucratic form of organization, ideology was divulged, rules and heaith legislation were established, financial resources were allocated and different class or group interests, located inside or outside the state apparatus, were assured to coexist. Through that formal organization the relationship between health bureaucracy and clientele politics was guaranteed. Therefore, public resources were drained on behalf of private interest. It was demonstrated that alongside with it development, Public Health has consolidated itself as a state activity and has its action legitimated even when coercive measures are needed.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T17:29:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katia Karam Toralles - 2017.pdf: 3619513 bytes, checksum: 72d46ee482202dee6b6a4acd7912408c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-03T13:26:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katia Karam Toralles - 2017.pdf: 3619513 bytes, checksum: 72d46ee482202dee6b6a4acd7912408c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T13:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katia Karam Toralles - 2017.pdf: 3619513 bytes, checksum: 72d46ee482202dee6b6a4acd7912408c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This piece of writing/essay exposes the way of living and working of the quitandeiras in Pirenópolis, revealing how they represent the changes the city has gone through in the last 20 years, being driven by its development and by the increase of tourism. It starts from the recognization of the quitandas in the urban context and finds its way through the domestic universe to learn the meanders of this producing process, and to unveal the stories of the women who produce it. The activity produced by the quitandeira is seen as a part of the nutrional models which are exposed to the daily flows of information and people. Women take parte of this process/movement as agents of a social recomposition, giving a meaning to food and to the act of eating. The production of quitandas is a vector of the women empowerment, and a portrait of the changes in the local urban dynamic. / Este trabalho expõe os modos de vida e de trabalho das quitandeiras em Pirenópolis revelando como eles expressam as mudanças que a cidade tem vivido nos últimos vinte anos impulsionadas pelo seu crescimento e pelo incremento do turismo. Ele parte do reconhecimento das quitandas no contexto urbano e adentra no universo doméstico para apreender os meandros desta produção e descortinar as histórias das mulheres que as produzem. A atividade realizada pelas quitandeiras é vista como parte de modelos alimentares que estão expostos aos atuais fluxos de informações e pessoas. As mulheres participam deste movimento como agentes de recomposições sociais e dando sentido ao comer e aos alimentos. A produção de quitandas é vetor do empoderamento das mulheres e retrato de mudanças na dinâmica urbana local.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-11T15:13:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Osmar Lúcio Custódio - 2017.pdf: 3272501 bytes, checksum: 7694c80e1bc691613408b9cd1483b885 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-11T15:17:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Osmar Lúcio Custódio - 2017.pdf: 3272501 bytes, checksum: 7694c80e1bc691613408b9cd1483b885 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-11T15:17:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Osmar Lúcio Custódio - 2017.pdf: 3272501 bytes, checksum: 7694c80e1bc691613408b9cd1483b885 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This master’s thesis aims to contribute to the recognition of the cultural patrimony existing in the municipal markets, especially of the individuals who work on them, through anthropological tools, especially ethnography. It is focused on memories studies (BOSI, 2016), (HALBWACHS, 1990) and (ZUKIN, 2012), in addition to the identification of categories that make it possible to analyze both the sociability and practices networks present in these places (MAGNANI, 2012). Through field research and based on the narratives of interlocutors, it was possible to establish the existing urban dynamics in the city of Goiânia, the flow between the rural and urban environments and its relations with what is denominated old and modern. Methodologically, a greater incidence of light was provoked on the Market of Campinas, that made it possible to analyze, comparatively, the behavior in time of the other markets of the city. The conclusion was that, is spite of the strong external pressures that these places are submitted to, the capacity of agency of its permissionaries, especially the pioneers, is evident. / Esta dissertação de mestrado visa contribuir para o reconhecimento do patrimônio cultural existente nos mercados municipais, especialmente dos indivíduos que neles labutam, mediante ferramentas antropológicas, especialmente a etnografia. Voltada para os estudos de memória (BOSI, 2016), (HALBWACHS, 1990) e (ZUKIN, 2012), mas também, para a identificação de categorias que tornam possíveis analisar a rede de sociabilidade e práticas, presentes nesses lugares (MAGNANI, 2012). Mediante pesquisa de campo e baseado nas narrativas de interlocutores, foi possível estabelecer as dinâmicas urbanas existentes na cidade de Goiânia, o fluxo entre o ambiente rural e urbano e suas relações com o que é denominado velho e moderno. Metodologicamente, foi provocada uma maior incidência de luz sobre o Mercado de Campinas, que tornou possível analisar, comparativamente, o comportamento no tempo, dos demais mercados da cidade. A conclusão foi de que apesar das fortes pressões externas por que passam esses lugares, a capacidade de agência de seus permissionários, notadamente dos pioneiros, se evidencia.

Este trabalho estuda a presença acentuada da vacância imobiliária e suas relações com a dinâmica urbana na área central de São Paulo. Para tanto, são verificadas as diversas formas de tratamento da vacância. A análise é completada com um breve histórico do desenvolvimento urbano da cidade. O cenário atual o cenário atual da área central é descrito através das características específicas do mercado imobiliário, da demanda, da atuação dos diversos agentes urbanos e da presença das ocupações organizadas. A metodologia utilizada inclui entrevistas com agentes ligados ao mercado imobiliário, e uma pesquisa de campo, apoiada em um plano amostral estratificado, por meio da qual se obtém a estimativa da vacância para os distritos Sé e República. Como resultado final do estudo, apontam-se os fatores do crescimento e permanência dos espaços edificados vazios na cidade de São Paulo. / This work studies the excess vacancy and its relations to the urban dynamics in downtown São Paulo. Several forms of dealing with the problem of vacancy are explored, and analysed within the context of a brief historical description of the urban development of the city. The present scenario of the central urban area is described, showing the characteristics of the real estate market, the demand on buildings, the performance of different urban agents, and the organized occupation of housing spaces. The methodology used includes interviews with agents related to the real estate market, and a survey based on a stratified sampling technique, to estimate vacancies in the districts of Sé and República. Finally, the factors leading to the uprising and persistence of vacant buildings in the central area of São Paulo are pointed out.

L'objectif est de comprendre comment la synergie entre la transformation du territoire et le changement climatique pourra affecter la biodiversité des Alpes-Maritimes à l'horizon 2100. Cette thèse comprend quatre chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre sont présentées les notions, les bases théoriques et conceptuelles ainsi que la problématique générale de recherche. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'étude des processus d'artificialisation et de transformation territoriale. Dans cette partie sont évalués le processus de dispersion ainsi que les facteurs qui interviennent dans les phénomènes d'artificialisation du territoire et les tendances futures de changement sur les Alpes-Maritimes. Les règles de transition spatiale ont été extraites à partir de l'étude de la transformation territoriale des 40 dernières années pour comprendre les trajectoires de changement, mais aussi dans le but d'avoir une base de connaissances solide permettant de faire la simulation par automate cellulaire. A partir de ces connaissances et de l'interprétation des règles de transition sont élaborés les scénarios de transformation future du paysage aux horizons 2050 et 2100. Les résultats montrent la possible expansion de l'artificialisation selon le comportement et les tendances historiques observés sur le territoire. Les résultats de ce chapitre montrent que les surfaces artificielles pourraient doubler pour 2050, et tripler pour 2100 par rapport à leur occupation actuelle. Le troisième chapitre concerne l'évaluation de la perte de biodiversité selon les pressions anthropiques et climatiques. La première partie du chapitre trois est dédiée à la définition de la diversité écosystémique à partir des unités du paysage. Pour cette définition ont été considérés les différents facteurs écologiques qui ont une influence sur la répartition des écosystèmes tels que la géomorphologie, le sol, le climat et la végétation. Avec les informations obtenues dans la partie précédente, est étudié l'impact potentiel de la transformation territoriale sur la biodiversité. La deuxième partie de ce chapitre consiste en la réalisation d'un étalonnage bioclimatique des unités du paysage, afin de comprendre les limites écologiques de tolérance des expressions écosystémique aux conditions climatiques et géomorphologiques. Au total sont définies 236 unités du paysage sur lesquelles sont estimés les impacts synergiques de la transformation territoriale et du changement climatique afin d'évaluer les risques de perte de biodiversité vers la fin du siècle. Les résultats montrent que 68 unités du paysage (soit presque 30% de la diversité́ des Alpes-Maritimes) seront affectées par ces deux phénomènes d'ici la fin du XXIème siècle et 5 d'entre elles devraient disparaître, que ce soit en raison du changement climatique ou de la dynamique de l'artificialisation du sol. Le dernier chapitre propose une méthode permettant l'intégration des impacts du changement climatique et des impacts de la transformation territoriale dans les processus de conception et définition de politiques de conservation dynamique de la biodiversité. De plus, ce chapitre propose la possibilité d'intégrer les deux phénomènes dans la conception de réseaux écologiques de conservation, notamment dans le cadre de la Trame verte et bleue. / The work aims at understanding how the land transformation and climatic change synergy could affect the Alpes-Maritimes biodiversity. This thesis contains four chapters. In the first chapter, the purpose is to provide the conceptual basis and the framework that support the scientific foundations of this thesis and the main conceptual definitions of the studied problematic. In the second chapter, the purpose is to study the artificialization process in the French Riviera area, its probable potential dispersion, the conditions and the factors involved in the phenomenon in order to give an intuitively understanding of the landscape transformation and their principal trend. The landscape transformation of the last 40 years has been studied with the aim of identifying the spatial transition rules that have been introduced in the cellular automata model. We present a synthesis of landscape transformation in the French Riviera up to 2050 and 2100. The resulting scenarios provide information about future urban expansion according to historic behavior and the evolutionary patterns. The results of this part show that urban surfaces could double by 2050 and triplicated by 2100 compared with 2011. In the third chapter we assess the biodiversity loss according to land use dynamic and climate change. We first defined the ecosystem diversity by the landscape units. The landscape units are composed by the different ecological factors that have had an influence on ecosystems repartition like geomorphology, soil, climate, and vegetation. Then, we studied how landscape transformation could affect the biodiversity in the future by the spatial superposition of the first and second chapter results. Next, we realized a bioclimatic calibration for the landscape units with the aim of understanding the limits of ecological tolerance to the climatic conditions and the different ecological conditions like geomorphology, soil, and aspect. The bioclimatic calibration of the landscape units has allowed the definition of climatic change impact on ecosystem biodiversity for 2050 and 2100.The synergy between climatic change impact and landscape transformation shows that almost 30% (68 ecosystem expressions) of Alpes-Maritimes biodiversity could be affected at the end of the XXIst century, and at least five ecosystems expressions could disappear for 2100 due to both forces or some of these driving forces.In the fourth chapter we propose a method that allows the integration of climatic change impacts and landscape transformation on conservation process and politic assessment. Moreover, this chapter proposes the possibility to integrate both phenomena into the ecological networks structuration, especially into “Trame verte et bleue” in France.

Master of Science / Department of Architecture / R. Todd Gabbard / In recent years urban planners have seen critical changes in the scales, pace, and trends of urbanization, resulting in suppressed urban patterns and the emergence of distinctive types of urban dynamics. A possible interpretation of this process is that it represents a “radical socio-spatial restructuring under the regime of global neoliberalization”, a phenomenon that is being widely discussed by many influential planners, urban geographers, and sociologists. My overarching research agenda is to develop a new analytical framework for comparative quantitative analyses of neoliberal urbanization pressures that cause the emergence of distinct patters of urban dynamics and morphologies. By comparing different experiences of ongoing urban transformations around the world and studying the mechanisms of their emergence, we can identify contemporary trends, monitor critical changes and shape a better future for our cities. Using China as a basis of comparison, my thesis seeks to challenge the unproductive and homogeneous patterns of urban dynamics that emerged during neoliberalization in Russia. The controversial and extremely heterogeneous model of Chinese urbanization cannot be applied universally, but valuable lessons can be derived. My work aims to explore specifics of two different patterns of neoliberal transitions in Moscow (Russia) and Shenzhen (China) in 1992 and 1978 respectively. By focusing on detailed scales of restructuring of urban settlement typologies I identify the characteristics of socio-spatial patterns prior to confronting the transition and its resulting outcomes. While considering potential context specific properties of East Asian urbanization, I am making an attempt to extrapolate this vernacular experience into generalized theory. Connecting and quantifying local and global dimensions of urban transformations helps me build a comprehensive theoretical and quantitative framework for a more profound understanding of ongoing socio-spatial restructuring.