This thesis called The Term of Palimpsest and its Application in Examining of the Urban Space focuses on providing a more complex perspective of the analysis of urban space through the metaphor of text and also palimpsest. Thanks to the disintegration of the concept of the text multiple layers of reality began to be progressively viewed - from the literature to the culture text. This opens up the possibility to contemplate the city as well as another type of text, respectively in a metaphorical sense of intertextuality as so-called palimpsest. The work focuses on these terms in the theoretical part and suggests the urban space term and the possibility of examination. The empirical part is dedicated to the application of developer theoretical basis onto the site-specific urban space of the Prague's Peter's district. The anchoring of the palimpsest in the semiosphere of culture and cultural texts of historical depth but does not provide possibilities of complete renovation and securing the continuity of interpretation. This does not seem to be an obstacle for the set more complex view of palimpsest, on contrary it better reflects and deals with such this continuity. It helps to seek roots and identity of cities and their inhabitants.

The thesis called The term of Palimpsest and Intertextuality in the Antropological- ethnological analysis of urban space focuses on examination of urban space from the point of view of the metaphorical conception of the term text, intertext and palimpsest. By extending the meaning of the term text from the original concept in literary science to broader layers of reality, it is possible to apply it to urban space, and then read it as an urban text. Due to the fact that the urban environment consists of many layers, it becomes an interesting solution for its complex grasp to use the term palimpsest and intertext. The first theoretical part aims to explain these concepts. The second theoretical part deals with anthropological and ethnological approaches to urban space, while the perspective of the individual who walks through the city and lets it affect becomes essential for this walker. The content of the third, applied part is then the specific space of the Nuselské údolí (Nusle valley) and its immediate surroundings, within which the individual becomes a player in the game between space and his perception. The individual layers of the environment are examined from the perspective of concepts and anthropological-ethnological approaches, which, however, do not provide a complete and exhaustive...

La tesis a continuación presenta el desarrollo de un Centro Cultural Comunitario en Lomas de Carabayllo. Este se propone como respuesta a la problemática actual en la esta comunidad ya que se trata de una población muy vulnerable social y económicamente hablando donde hay un índice muy alto de trabajo infantil. El proyecto contempla un refuerzo de trabajo en comunidad, brindando espacios para el desarrollo social y cultural a toda la población de Lomas. El proyecto está emplazado en una manzana en una zona muy poco conformada. Ya que cuenta con 4 frentes, se propuso una arquitectura que sea accesible por todas las caras evitando muros ciegos y haciendo del edificio un espacio urbano publico parecido a la tipología de un parque biblioteca. El proyecto se divide en tres volúmenes, el área cultural, el área comunitaria y la mediateca. Estas a su vez están conectadas en sus diferentes niveles con plazas, puentes, rampas y anfiteatros haciendo del proyecto un parque abierto las 24 horas del día mejorando así la calidad espacial publica y generando espacios vivos y seguros. / The thesis below presents the development of a Community Cultural Center in Hills of Carabayllo. This is proposed as a response to the current problems in this community since it is a very vulnerable population socially and economically speaking where there is a very high rate of child labor. The project contemplates a reinforcement of community work, providing spaces for social and cultural development to the entire population of the hills. The project is located on a block in a very poorly formed area. Since it has 4 fronts, an architecture that is accessible from all sides was proposed, avoiding blind walls and making the building a public urban space similar to the typology of a library park. The project is divided into three volumes, the cultural area, the community area and the media library. These in turn are connected at different levels with squares, bridges, ramps and amphitheaters, making the project a park open 24 hours a day, thus improving public spatial quality and generating living and safe spaces. / Tesis

La falta de infraestructuras donde se promuevan iniciativas sobre la conservación de áreas protegidas: islas Palomino y Cavinzas, cuya fauna en estatus vulnerable es debido a la contaminación por plástico, da cuenta de la acción ausente del Estado sobre la Ordenanza Regional del Callao N° 003 por promover su conservación. Es así como la propuesta del Proyecto RE+ consiste en reinterpretar, revalorar y reintegrar la ciudad con el entorno natural marino y como resultado, ser un dispositivo integrador entre ambos escenarios, lo que atribuye incluso a una reflexión crítica del uso de suelo actual y relación espacial con los usuarios del distrito La Punta, remate de la Costa Verde con proyección de alcance metropolitano y denominada zona ecoturística; no siendo aprovechada en términos urbanos como fuente de activación del desarrollo económico y turístico. Este centro de interpretación propone una revaloración de la biodiversidad marina a través del desarrollo local como medio de conservación y el turismo como reactivador del Patrimonio; donde el diseño arquitectónico parte de una experiencia única de interpretación de ambos usuarios y la activación de espacios públicos que permitan dinamizar la contemplación, recreación y a su vez la revaloración por parte del usuario con su medio ambiente; que mitigue la degradación ambiental-cultural actual sobre nuestros océanos y vida marina. Siendo necesaria en esta investigación el ámbito sociocultural, económico y ambiental, en la búsqueda del uso de la arquitectura y espacio urbano con el fin de conservar la biodiversidad marina. / The lack of infrastructure to promote initiatives on the conservation of protected areas: Palomino and Cavinzas Islands, whose fauna in vulnerable status is due to plastic pollution, gives an account of the state's absent action on the Regional Callao Ordinance N° 003 to promote its conservation. This is how the RE+ Project's proposal consists in reinterpret, reassess and reintegrate the city with the marine natural environment and as a result, be an integrative device between the two scenarios, which attributes even to a critical reflection of current ground use and spatial relationship with users of the La Punta district, final top of the Costa Verde with projection of metropolitan scope and referred ecotourism zone; not being used in urban terms as a source of activation of economic and tourist development. This interpretation center proposes a reassessment of marine biodiversity through local development as a means of conservation and tourism as a reactivator of Heritage; where the architectural design starts from a unique experience of interpretation for both users and the activation of public spaces that make it possible to stimulate contemplation, recreation and, in turn, the reassessment by the user with their environment; that mitigates the current environmental-cultural degradation of our oceans and sea life. Being necessary in this research the sociocultural, economic and environmental field, in the search for the use of architecture and urban space in order to conserve marine biodiversity. / Tesis

Kay Fiskers Plads lies at the junction of Copenhagen’s south-bound  metro line, M1, and the Øresundtog train route connecting the city with Malmö, Sweden across the Øresund channel. Surrounding the plaza are Scandinavia’s largest shopping mall, Fields, Neroport offices, Sweden’s Ferring Pharmaceuticals branch and office spaces owned by KLP Ejendomme, a Norwegian based real estate firm. The plaza is bordered by long, blank façades that struggle to bring life onto the sidewalks, streets and shared spaces between buildings. Businesses come and leave quickly around Kay Fiskers Plads, while strategies to gain a new customer base and attractive nature continue to push forward.   This written presentation of research finds it’s basis in this particular space and sets to accomplish the following tasks: draw attention to the necessity of revitalizing modern urban dead zones; promote methods that, when implemented thoughtfully, can encourage a heightened sense of place / space identity for local residents and businesses; and provide updated and relevant academic literature that promotes knowledge and adds to the conversation surrounding Kay Fiskers Plads and modern urban plaza revitalization.  This research thesis will collect data through methods which include semi-structured interviews and mapping of Kay Fiskers Plads by the researcher (the author). These methodologies will be closely accompanied by theoretical perspectives that aim to draw the story of Kay Fiskers Plads into relevancy against the backdrop of global and local economic phenomena, architectural patterns, mega projects and a heightened need for public, multi-use spaces of quality. Work on this thesis began eight months ago in December 2021. However, it aims to bring about a conversation through scholarship that will be discussed forthcoming between city planners, architects, business owners, investors, frequent users of the space and those who will be acquainted with it in the future. There is a pressing need for all previously mentioned parties to have a solid understanding of the far reaching effects that public space, economy, citizens and vitality play upon one another– in essence, a need for discussion on projects under the umbrella scope of urban studies. / <p>Exam was help online over zoom. </p>

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In 1911 Dr. Robert W. Long gave a gift of real estate to the state of Indiana and stipulated that the sale of the property would fund a teaching hospital for the Indiana School of Medicine. The state senator who sponsored the hospital bill suggested placing the proposed hospital within the boundaries of Military Park, the city’s oldest park. Indiana University trustees agreed, which led to Indianapolis Mayor Samuel Lewis Shank’s angry denunciation of the proposition as “one of the greatest outrages” proposed in recent years in Indianapolis. Three interested camps formed over the location of what became known as Long Hospital: the Indiana University trustees, who approved of placing the hospital in the park because of its proximity to downtown Indianapolis; lineage societies and veterans, who touted the park’s historical significance as a nationalistic message to all residents; and the state and city governments and local civic organizations, who promoted the health benefits of public parks and playgrounds. Through open debate, particularly in Indianapolis’ newspapers, each position supported Progressive era reform attitudes towards the use of civic space in terms of its relationships to public health, social morality, and nationalistic values.

Public urban space Přednádraží Brno is a busy thoroughfare near the center. This space has its own specifics and its own life. It's one big open-air theater with hidden potential and individual impact. The concept of solution thus lies in maintaining his main traffic routes in terms of visual enhancements and functional effect on visitors.

[pt] A partir de uma reflexão acerca da produção da cidade e sua relação com o Internacional moderno, a presente pesquisa busca propor uma discussão da cidade como um outro tipo de arranjo do global, o que se torna muito evidente em um contexto de recepção de megaeventos internacionais – como Olímpiadas e Copa do Mundo – que intensificam fluxos, influenciam na arquitetura e acabam por produzir o espaço urbano da pretendida cidade global por meio de práticas e estratégias que tem como central a valorização do capital. Parte-se aqui da investigação da reinvenção do espaço político no contexto do neoliberalismo, compreendendo os megaeventos como uma estratégia de produção da cidade global para se pensar como isso se materializa nas lutas locais e o entrelaçamento dessas relações nos corpos das pessoas e também no espaço material da cidade. Dessa forma, pensar se- á, de forma transversal, o processo de regeneração urbana no Rio de Janeiro no contexto em que a cidade hospedou diversos megaeventos como o Pan Americano, Copa do Mundo e Olímpiadas que compreende de 2007 a 2016. / [en] Departing from a reflection about the production of the city and its relation to the modern International, the present research aims to offer a discussion about the city as another type of global assemblage, which becomes evident in the context of hosting international megaevents – such as the Olympics and the World Cup – that intensify the flows, influence the architecture and end up by producing the urban space of the desired global city through practices and strategies that are centered on the valorization of the capital. The research begins with the investigation of the reinvention of the political space in the context of neoliberalism, understanding the megaevents as a strategy of the production of the global city, in order to think how this is materialized on local struggles and the entanglements of this relations both in people s bodies and in the material space of the city. In this sense, this research will think the urban regeneration process in Rio de Janeiro, through a transversal approach, in the period that the city hosted many megaevents as the Pan American Games, the World Cup and the Olympics, which comprehend the period from 2007 to 2016.

Introduction: This master thesis is written within the area building technology at Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. It is made in collaboration with Arkitekthuset Jönköping AB. The study is supposed to be useful as a basis for the urban planning of growing cities to avoid lost spaces. The thesis will also include proposals for how lost spaces in Friaredalen could be developed. Method: The data collection has mainly been done through observations but also through interviews and a literature study. The people interviewed were professionally active within areas that are related to urban planning, lighting, and urban design in the municipality of Jönköping. Both quantitative and qualitative data has been studied in the thesis. Results: Only the interview answers that most clearly answer the research questions are presented under the title results. The full-length interviews are presented as appendices. The results of the observations are also presented under the same title. They were performed during days of sun, low wind velocity and without precipitation. Analysis: The analysis of the empirical indicates that parts of the park are used to a great extent. It also indicates that parts of the park are used to a small extent and have potential for development. The part that seems to be used to the least is the green areas in the north end of the park. The parts of the park that are frequently used can also be analyzed and eventually developed. Discussion: The case study shows that there are parts of Friaredalen that are lost spaces. One goal of this work was to bring forward suggestions for improvement, which has been made for the spaces that was shown to be lost. The observations made according to Gehl’s proven approach were successful in that they provided data showing that parts of the park have a lack of visitors. This data helps answer the report’s questions. The interviews also provided data that was useful for answering the questions. / Introduktion: Detta examensarbete skrivs inom Byggnadsteknik på Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. Arbetet utförs i samarbete med Arkitekthuset Jönköping AB. Studien ska kunna användas som underlag i stadsplaneringen av växande städer för att undvika bristfälligt utnyttjade områden. Arbetet kommer även ge förbättringsförslag på hur outnyttjade och mindre bra planerade ytor i Friaredalen skulle kunna göras bättre. Metod: Datainsamlingen har i huvudsak skett genom observationer, men även genom intervjuer och en litteraturstudie. Intervjuerna har varit riktade till professionellt verksamma inom områden som rör stadsplanering, belysning och utformning i Jönköpings kommun. Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data har studerats i arbetet. Resultat: Under rubriken resultat presenteras endast de intervjusvar som har tydligast koppling till frågeställningarna. De fullständiga intervjuerna finns att tillgå som bilagor. Under samma rubrik redovisas även resultat från observationerna. De är utförda under dagar med solsken, låga vindhastigheter och utan nederbörd. Analys: Analysen av empirin tyder på att delar av parken är använda i stor utsträckning. Den tyder även på att vissa delar av parken används i liten utsträckning och har potential för utveckling. Den del som verkar användas minst är gräsytorna i den norra delen av parken. Även de delarna av parken som är flitigt använda går att analysera och eventuellt utveckla. Diskussion: Fallstudien visar att det finns delar av Friaredalen som är bristfälligt utnyttjade. Ett mål i arbetet var att förbättringsförslag på Friaredalen skulle tas fram, vilket har gjorts på de delar som påvisats vara bristfälliga. Observationerna som utfördes enligt Gehls beprövade tillvägagångssätt var lyckade i det avseende att de gav data som visar att delar av parken har en avsaknad av besökare. Denna data hjälper till att svara på rapportens frågeställningar. Även intervjuerna gav data som var användbara för att besvara frågeställningarna.

This thesis will investigate the relationship between lighting and perception of safety through a case study. The main focus of this study is outdoor lighting with consideration of gender equality and perception of safety. Although street lighting is generally recognized as the most important environmental features that influences subjective perception of safety after dark, there is still lack of knowledge regarding the needed quality of light for this purpose and how it may influence perceived safety. Literature review indicates that effect of light on perceived safety works through two different mechanisms: natural surveillance and social integration. The main focus of this thesis is on natural surveillance. Indeed, light by increasing visibility in interaction with presence of people, enhance possibilities of natural surveillance. Based on literature review, a tool has been developed to have a more specific examination of visibility.Besides, the women’s safety audit (WSA) diagnostic tool is used as a qualitative data collection tool to identify unsafe spots in the chosen area by 10 local female participants. The chosen area is a residential area in Eskilstuna city, called Årby neighbourhood. All the participants were asked to determine unsafe spots from their perspective in the chosen area during an exploratory night walk. In the next step, the identified unsafe spots are analysed by means of the developed tool in terms of visibility.The result of this thesis supports the previous findings regarding the relationship between visibility and safety perception. Results show that urban settings with low level of prospect (obstructed view), high level of entrapment (escape difficulty), high level of concealment (lots of hiding spots), lack of illuminated visual spatial boundaries (sky plane, vertical plane and ground plane), low level of facial recognition and obstacle detection, low level of illumination of path, high level of glare and varied lighting distribution are judged as the most unsafe by women. In addition, the study revealed that illuminated ground plane has the minimum impact on sense of safety in comparison with other safety-related environmental factors. Consequently, this study highlighted that standards and guidelines, which are related to ground plane, are not very beneficial for improving perception of safety.