This study sought to determine how five neighbourhood models (the Grid, Loop and Cul-de-Sac, Fused Grid, New Urbanist and Greenway) compare in terms of the characteristics known to affect active transportation rates, and which model is most likely to be able to facilitate active transportation as a result. In order to do so, model principles and design characteristics of case study neighbourhoods were described and used to create a range of design specifications for each model. These specifications were then used to develop a GIS-based representation of an example neighbourhood for each model, which included the transportation network, parcels of different land use types and densities, homes and destinations. GIS, statistical and graph-based techniques were then used to comprehensively assess and compare the models in terms of their potential to facilitate walking and biking through the built environment correlates identified in through a literature review. The models were ranked on each variable, and then an overall comparison was made on the basis diversity (land use mix), density and design - the three dimensions identified by Cervero and Kockelman (1997) as being the key ways through which the built environment can contribute to creating walkable (and potentially bikeable) neighbourhoods. Additional measures related to trip characteristics and issues of importance to developers (such as buildable area) were also included. The results illustrate how each model’s unique approach to facilitating walking and/or biking is reflected in the built environment characteristics assessed. While a model that was strong in one category was often weaker in another (a finding which echoes that of Filion and Hammond, 2003), the three alternative models (Fused Grid, New Urbanist and Greenway) consistently fared better than the more traditional Grid and Loop and Cul-de-Sac designs, with the New Urbanist scoring the highest on the overall evaluation of walkability and bikeability and the Greenway the best on network design for cyclists. In addition to these findings, the study also provided an opportunity to explore several challenges related to model assessment, such as issues arising from frame choice, off-set networks, and the use of roads as proxies for active transportation networks.

This practicum analyzes the leadership, management practices, and organizational structure of five university gardening organizations, to determine if they have had an impact on the spaces of agricultural production in the cities in which they exist. The research concludes that if university gardens/farms are to become successful demonstration projects within their cities they must: 1) have strong, collaborative, and flexible leadership structures; 2) effectively communicate with stakeholders; 3) generate consistent funding; 4) demonstrate their success on campus and within their communities; 5) create linkages with academic and community organizations; 6) create goals and objectives that overlap with university and municipal strategic plans. Furthermore, this study illustrates that university gardens/farms are important to planners as ‘living laboratories’ of urban food production; as well as educational tools that build the capacity of residents to grow local food, and understand the importance of agricultural urbanism (AU) for city planning and design.

Emerging trends in the re-inhabitation of central cities and government funding of numerous financial incentives have succeeded in making brownfield redevelopment a far more lucrative opportunity for developers over the past decade. However, the redevelopment process itself remains virtually unchanged, maintaining a narrow focus on environmental remediation, site engineering, and short-term market demand. Land use, instead of design, drives the entire process. This approach fails to sustain development and recognize larger redevelopment opportunities based on local and regional context. Despite an increasing amount of public money used to fund incentives, development continues to overlook potential positive externalities presumably to avert risk and increase feasibility. The purpose of this thesis is to re-examine brownfield redevelopment from the perspective of urban design in order to define ways in which design might offer solutions to these shortcomings and play a more critical role in future redevelopments. Using case studies of past redevelopments of former auto plant sites, Landscape Urbanism in brownfield redevelopment, and design proposals for auto plant sites from the GM and Ford closings of 2005-2006, the thesis investigates three primary questions. First, what is the conventional brownfield redevelopment process, to what extent has urban design been involved, and what are the major issues and lessons that can be learned? Secondly, what examples of brownfield redevelopment have integrated urban design to addresses these issues and what are the specific principles that inform design? Finally, how can urban design strategies, based on principles of Landscape Urbanism, lead the redevelopment of brownfield sites?

The project-based research questions how professionals working in the built environment can engage a broader range of 'others' (students, client, users) in ways of seeing and acting in a meaningful way. It challenges the role of the expert in architecture and urban design and in particular their use of the masterplan, which is often an oversimplified reductive response, laden with generalisations and the ill-considered overlay of inappropriate models. Design methods are designed to enable us to see afresh and respond accordingly. These are demonstrated in three suites of projects that include urban installations such as Five Walks for the Melbourne International Arts Festival, war memorials, lectures, photographs and teaching practice such as Taipei Operations, a student workshop, architectural exhibition, and book. The design research is situated within an expanded field of cross-disciplinary practice that includes art, landscape architecture, urban design, architecture and geography. Tools are developed to enable us to understand the city at many spatial and temporal scales; observations made at a micro scale reveal systems at a macro scale - a bottom-up approach. The application of the methods explored implies that

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloSFA_DISSERT.pdf: 3110663 bytes, checksum: 449ddc0d155424b02f8ba76da1e60f7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-12 / This study started from the hypothesis of the existence of a relation between the type of the urban occupation concerning to the sustainability conditions at the proximity of Environment Protected Zones and the occurrence of vectors insects in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This research, which used data available by the City Administration Health and Urbanization Secretaries (respectively SMS and SEMURB), in the time period of 2006 to 2008, aimed to characterize the study site in terms of urban occupation, relating it to social environmental aspects of land occupation and the occurrence of vectors insects. This study is presented in two papers, the first one linking the occurrence of vectors insects and sustainable development indicators and the second relating the incidence of reported cases of Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and the occurrence of larvae infection indexes of Aedes aegypti, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State. In the first paper, was made a correlation between Dengue Fever vectors and Visceral and Tegumentar Leishmaniasis vectors and sustainable development indicators, selected from IDS Brasil- 2008. Through factorial analysis a Sustainability Index (SI) was acquired for each region, the northern region of the municipality obtained lower numbers than southern region, which, in its turn, presented better sustainability conditions. Linking this index to vector infestation parameters shows a high significant correlation between the SI and the Breteau Index of Aedes aegypti (p=0,028) as well as with SI and sand flies infestation index (p=0,01). Higher rates in vectors infestation in regions with a lower Sustainable Development Index demonstrates that this index can be used to determine the increasing of probability of Aedes and sand flies occurrence in urban environment. The second paper analyzed the occurrence of the main vector of Dengue and DHF, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and the relation between larvae infection indexes of this insect and reported cases of the diseases. This study revealed unexpected relation where areas with higher Breteau s Indexes showed lower infection rates of Dengue Fever, although showing high incidence of DHF / Este estudo partiu da hip?tese da exist?ncia de rela??o entre a natureza da ocupa??o urbana no que se refere ?s suas condi??es de sustentabilidade no entorno das Zonas de Prote??o Ambiental (ZPA) e a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies de insetos vetores em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. A pesquisa, realizada com dados disponibilizados pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de e dados da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Urbanismo do Munic?pio, do per?odo 2006 a 2008, procurou caracterizar a ?rea de estudo quanto ? ocupa??o urbana, relacionando-a com seus aspectos urban?sticos e s?cio-ambientais e com a ocorr?ncia de insetos vetores. O estudo ? apresentado em dois cap?tulos sob a forma de artigos, o primeiro relacionando a ocorr?ncia de insetos vetores e indicadores de desenvolvimento sustent?vel e o segundo buscando uma correla??o entre casos notificados de Dengue e Febre Hemorr?gica da Dengue (FHD) e ?ndices de infec??o larv?ria de Aedes aegypti, ambos em Natal, RN. No primeiro artigo, por meio da an?lise dos dados obtidos, procurou-se correlacionar a ocorr?ncia de insetos do g?nero Aedes e de flebotom?neos com indicadores de desenvolvimento sustent?vel na dimens?o ambiental e social. Estes indicadores foram selecionados a partir do indicador 36 do IDS-Brasil 2008, que relaciona doen?as a um saneamento ambiental inadequado, e onde est?o listadas zoonoses como a Dengue e as Leishmanioses Visceral e Tegumentar. Por meio de an?lise fatorial foi obtido um ?ndice de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel por Bairros (ISB), tendo os bairros da Regi?o Administrativa Norte do Munic?pio apresentado ?ndices mais baixos de ISB, enquanto que Bairros da Regi?o Administrativa Sul revelaram melhores condi??es de sustentabilidade. Relacionando estes ?ndices com a ocorr?ncia de insetos vetores nestes locais, observou-se correla??o significativa entre o ISB e o ?ndice de Breteau em Aedes aegypti (p=0,028) e com o ?ndice de infesta??o domiciliar por flebotom?neos (p=0,01), revelando um padr?o que permite associar as condi??es de sustentabilidade das ?reas estudadas com a ocorr?ncia destes insetos, confirmando a hip?tese preestabelecida. O segundo artigo analisa a ocorr?ncia do principal vetor da Dengue e FHD, o Aedes aegypti, e a rela??o de ?ndices de infesta??o larv?ria deste inseto com casos relatados destas zoonoses. Atrav?s da an?lise estat?stica ? poss?vel observar umadiscrep?ncia entre o ?ndice de Breteau e a incid?ncia de casos de Dengue e FHD, havendo uma tend?ncia a ter maior n?mero de casos de FHD onde h? maior ocorr?ncia de criadouros do inseto, fato que n?o se repete com casos de Dengue cl?ssica

Dans ce travail nous cherchons à comprendre comment les conditions de projet du renouvellement périurbain modifient les structures de la production de l'habitat périurbain. Le développement durable qui a progressivement gagné toutes les sphères de l'action publique s'attache plus récemment à reconsidérer les modèles de développement d'habitat du périurbain. Dans ce contexte, nous comparons deux pratiques professionnelles récentes, française et américaine, qui reconfigurent le système de production de l'habitat périurbain. Pour mettre cette reconfiguration en évidence nous déployons une réflexion en trois temps. D'abord, nous constatons que ces deux pratiques entrainent une évolution effective des formes urbaines et architecturales. Au prisme de la notion de transition, introduite par la théorie des systèmes sociotechniques, nous montrons qu'au-delà de l'évolution typomorphologique constatée, les logiques de projet de Bimby et du New Urbanism sous-tendent l'implication d'un pluralisme d’acteurs bénéfique. Ensuite, nous présentons et analysons les processus de design charrette et de micro-conception par lesquels les deux pratiques étudiées visent à répondre aux besoins d'une collectivité locale en impliquant une variété d'acteurs. Dans cette partie nous évaluons le degré d'influence des participants sur l'évolution des formes constatée plus tôt. Enfin, par la comparaison nous caractérisons des logiques de projet, des logiques de contrôle ainsi que des figures de l'appropriation par lesquelles le jeu d'acteurs que nous mettons en évidence poursuit une vision durable du périurbain. Nous précisons également les définitions de la co-conception et de la coproduction comme des approches de la médiation situées en amont et en aval des structures de production classiques. Les résultats de cette recherche contiennent plus particulièrement la modélisation des logiques de projet de Bimby et du New Urbanism, la modélisation du système de production de l'habitat périurbain durable, et la modélisation du renouvellement périurbain. / This doctoral research aims to understand how different priorities and actions in the process of suburban renewal can change the ways suburbs are built. Sustainable development, which has increasingly gained acceptance in various venues of public thought and action, has recently entailed the reconsideration of suburban models. In this context, we compare two recent professional practices from France and the United States — Bimby and New Urbanism — that reconfigure the ways suburbs are designed and built. To substantiate this premise we have organized our demonstration in three steps. First, we observe that these two professional practices lead to an effective evolution of urban and architectural forms, and through the sociotechnical lens that examines the interaction between the structures of society and the human behavior of the residents we show that beyond this evolution of urban types and patterns, Bimby and New Urbanism both require a diversity of stakeholders that is beneficial to the design and delivery of an urban project. Then, we present and analyze both processes of the design charrette and micro-conception through which New Urbanism and Bimby expect to formulate better solutions, according to the needs of public and private stakeholders and participants. This enables us to evaluate the level of influence of participants on the whole project. Finally, the comparison allows us to characterize the concepts, processes and delivery mechanisms through which the stakeholders involved can create and follow a sustainable vision of suburban developments. We explain the meanings of specialist terms such as co-conception and coproduction as ways of involving diverse groups of stakeholders and residents before, during and after the conventional systems of suburban development. Our results more specifically include the conceptual models of Bimby and the New Urbanism, as models of sustainable suburb production and of suburban renewal.

A percepção viabiliza a obtenção de diversas informações visuais do ambiente que, entre outras funções, auxilia o indivíduo a se orientar no espaço. No período noturno, a iluminação urbana assume importante papel para o funcionamento das cidades, podendo contribuir para a qualifi cação dos ambientes. Este trabalho aborda a percepção sobre a qualidade do sistema de iluminação de uma praça municipal em Porto Alegre - Praça Dr. Adair Figueiredo - visando compreender as variáveis envolvidas, as possíveis relações entre elas e suas relações com o perfi l do respondente. A avaliação da percepção da qualidade do sistema de iluminação da praça foi realizada por possíveis usuários e pela autora do trabalho. Foi aplicado questionário on line com uma amostra de 283 pessoas, composto por questões de escala de valores para medir as variáveis relacionadas à qualidade do sistema de iluminação e perguntas fechadas para obtenção de dados de perfi l e opinião. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se métodos estatísticos como médias e variâncias das variáveis contínuas, análise de correlações de Pearson, teste de qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, MANOVA, Post Hoc de Tukey. Foi realizada observação assistemática pela autora, registrada e analisada através de mapeamento visual e descrição textual, considerando-se as categorias de análise do referencial teórico. Os resultados apontam que todas as variáveis envolvidas na qualidade de iluminação estão correlacionadas positivamente, com médias amostrais apresentando 80,31% de satisfação geral com a qualidade do sistema de iluminação da praça, e também que é desejável a continuidade em investimentos no sistema de iluminação. A análise multivariada revela que o componente denominado “referências espaciais” é mais valorizado pelas faixas etárias acima de 41 anos do que a faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos e pelas pessoas acima de 51 anos em relação à faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos. / Perception makes it possible to obtain a diversity of visual information about the environment, which, among other functions, helps the individual to orient himself in space. In the night period, urban lighting plays an important role for the functioning of cities, and can contribute to the qualifi cation of the environments. This work approaches the perception about the quality of the lighting system of a city square in Porto Alegre - Dr. Adair Figueiredo Square- aiming to understand the variables involved, the possible relations between them and their relations with the profi le of the respondent. The square’s f lighting system quality evaluation’s was carried out by possible users and by the author of the work. An online questionnaire was applied with a sample of 283 people, composed of scale value’s questions to measure the variables related to the quality of the lighting system and closed questions to obtain data of profi le and opinion. The results were analyzed using statistical methods such as means and variances of continuous variables, Pearson correlation analysis, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, MANOVA, Tukey Post Hoc. An asystematic author’s observation was recorded and analyzed through visual mapping and textual description, considering the categories of analysis of the theoretical reference. The results indicate that all variables involved in lighting quality are positively correlated, and has sample average presenting 80.31% overall satisfaction with square’s lighting system quality, and also that it is desirable to continue investments in the lighting system. The multivariate analysis reveals that the factor “spatial references” is more valued by the age groups over 41 years than the age group of 31 to 40 years and by the people over 51 years of age in relation to the age group of 21 to 30 years.

The dissertation deals with building development of the town of Prachatice in second half of the twentieth century. In the initial chapters briefly outlines the development of the town from its foundation to the mid of the twentieth century and describes the changes in architecture and civil engineering after the communist party took control over the country in 1948. The core of the dissertation is introduced in following chapters in which the author aims to the building development of the town in second half of the twentieth century and the demolition works which done for the purpose of building new administrative and residential houses. The work also deals with several particular buildings in Prachatice and public art staged during socialist normalization era. The ending of the work is dedicated to the impact of socialistic urbanization on present-day town.

With questions still surrounding the indefinition of the Paracas social formation, we consider that analyses of architecture, ur-banism, and territorial transformations play a fundamental role in forming hypotheses and approaching an understanding of its possible characteristics. Unlike other valleys on the south coast, the Chincha valley sees consistent expressions of monumental architecture, urban organization and territorial transformations, which together acquire an exceptional character in the Paracas region. The special condition of the valley offers a unique setting that allows us to build crucial inferences about the level of economic and social development that this society could have reached.However, this picture contrasts with the limited progress of archaeological research conducted in the Chinca valley. This reality illuminates the paradox of a hole in archaeological knowledge right in the place that was an apparent nucleus for the social and cultural articulation of what we define as Paracas. In this article, I intend to a review and a critical discussion of the subject,from previously work on land management, urban planning, and Paracas architecture in the Chincha valley. / A propósito de las interrogantes que envuelven hasta hoy la indefinición de la formación social Paracas, se considera que el análisis de la arquitectura, el urbanismo y las transformaciones territoriales asumen un rol fundamental para proponer hipótesis y aproximarnos al conocimiento de sus posibles características. A diferencia de otros valles de la costa sur, en el valle de Chincha, se encuentran consistentes expresiones de arquitectura monumental, de organización urbana y de transformaciones territoriales, que —en conjunto— adquieren un carácter excepcional en el espacio regional paracas. Esta condición especial del valle nos ofrece un escenario único, que permite construir inferencias cruciales acerca de los niveles del desarrollo económico y social que habría alcanzado esta sociedad.Sin embargo, este panorama contrasta con el escaso avance de las investigaciones arqueológicas desarrolladas en el valle. Este aspecto nos plantea la paradoja de mantener un marcado vacío de conocimientos precisamente allí, en el lugar que constituyó un aparente espacio nuclear de la articulación social y cultural de lo que definimos como Paracas. En este artículo, me propongo hacer una revisión y una discusión crítica de esta temática, a partir de los trabajos que desarrollamos anteriormente sobre el manejo territorial, el urbanismo y la arquitectura paracas en el valle de Chincha.

[pt] Esta dissertação trata da aplicação de conceitos de bioclimatismo ao desenho urbano, com foco no ambiente térmico. Estudos demonstram que o clima urbano está diretamente relacionado à forma da cidade. Um ambiente saudável, com uso eficiente dos recursos naturais é uma das principais metas de uma cidade sustentável, e o projeto urbano bioclimático pode contribuir para melhorar o bem estar e ampliar a sustentabilidade dos espaços urbanos contemporâneos. O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar em que medida os aspectos climáticos e de conforto térmico são considerados na definição dos traçados em áreas de expansão e renovação urbana. O estudo de caso é o projeto do Porto Olímpico, na área Portuária da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, hoje uma área de grande importância estratégica e ambiental para a cidade. A metodologia aplicada foi adaptada a partir do trabalho de autores que tratam do tema do bioclimatismo sob múltiplos enfoques. As categorias de análise se baseiam nas características da forma urbana, enquanto condicionantes do clima urbano, segundo princípios e estratégias do projeto urbano bioclimático. São adequadas a uma análise de projeto em nível de estudo preliminar, e à escala intermediária do bairro/área/setor. A análise evidencia, ainda numa fase preliminar de projeto, o grau de consideração de aspectos bioclimáticos na definição do tecido urbano, permitindo identificar necessidades de novas verificações e fundamentar decisões de projeto na direção de uma forma urbana mais adequada às condições climáticas locais. / [en] This Master s thesis deals with the application of bioclimatism concepts to urban designs, with focus on thermal environments. Inspired by vernacular architecture techniques, bioclimatism comprises, in a systematic way, studies of climatology, biology, technology and architecture. It seeks harmony between already built and natural spaces for human comfort. As a multidisciplinary area of knowledge, it brings the progressive systematization and evolution of its original goals, i.e., building not only with focus on comfort, but also on using the energy potential of a given location. While constituting its habitat, the perception of climatic phenomena was fundamental to humanity in order to find adequate responses in search of protection, comfort and thermal balance, which are essential items to humanity s well-being and survival. These responses were materialized in the architectural and urban expressions of human settlements, characteristic of various regions of the world and eras of civilization. This evolution took place according to the degree of knowledge, technological development and culture of the regions. A healthy environment, with efficient use of natural resources, is one of the main goals of a sustainable city. The bioclimatic urban project is inserted in this concept and can contribute to improve the well-being and enhance the sustainability of contemporary urban spaces. Studies show that the urban climate is directly related to the form of a city. Performing urban designs without taking environmental impacts into consideration often has negative consequences for the environment and, consequently, for the health and comfort of the inhabitants.