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Resumo: O reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Ilha Solteira localiza-se entre os estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Goiás inserindo-se na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraná. Este reservatório foi construído com o objetivo de geração de energia, porém, como geralmente ocorre com a maioria dos reservatórios, passou a ser utilizado para múltiplas finalidades. Dentre os usos se destacam o transporte hidroviário, a irrigação, a aquicultura e o lazer. Devido à boa qualidade de suas águas, apresenta uma forte tendência ao aumento das utilizações deste recurso. Considerando que alguns aproveitamentos resultam em impactos e consequentes conflitos relacionados aos interesses de usos do recurso, é de suma importância o desenvolvimento de medidas disciplinadoras que visem à manutenção da qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, a presente proposta objetivou estabelecer uma hierarquia dos principais usos do reservatório considerando critérios econômicos, sociais, operacionais e a qualidade da água. Para tanto, adotou-se um Modelo Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão, onde, com a utilização do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), as modalidades de uso do reservatório foram priorizadas. De acordo com o constatado no presente estudo, o segmento de recreação e turismo apresentou o melhor desempenho nos critérios avaliados, sendo considerado como prioridade global para a utilização da água do reservatório de Ilha Solteira e de seus afluentes. O uso dos recursos hídricos para irrigação se mostrou interessante, sendo que foi apontado como prioridade em alguns municípios. A aquicultura aparece em terceiro lugar na ordem de prioridade, se destacando tanto em projetos da iniciativa privada como em projetos com investimentos públicos. A região apresentou um baixo uso dos recursos hídricos para o transporte hidroviário, sendo este segmento quase uma exclusividade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Ilha Solteira reservoir is located between the States of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Goias, inserted in Paraná's river basin. This reservoir was built with the purpose of power generation, but as it usually happens with most reservoirs, it began to be used for multiple purposes. Among the various uses of the reservoir can be highlighted the navigation, the irrigation, the aquaculture and the recreation. Due to the high quality of its waters, there's a strong intent on increasing the use of this resource, being that some uses result in significant impact and therefore, conflicts of interest arise. It is then of utmost importance the creation of disciplinary measures targeted on maintaining water quality. In that sense, this proposal aims to establish a hierarchy of the main uses of the reservoir, considering the criteria economical, social, operational and the quality of the water. To that end, was adapted a Multi-Criteria Decision Support model, where, using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the uses of the reservoir were prioritized. According to the results of this study, the segment of recreation and tourism showed the best performance on the evaluated criteria and was defined as the global priority concerning the water usage of the reservoir of Ilha Solteira and of their tributaries. The use of water resources for irrigation proved to be interesting, and it was appointed as a priority in some cities. The aquaculture appears in third place in the priority order, standing out so much in projects of the private initiative such as in projects with public investments. The region presented low use of water resources for waterborne transport, being that segment almost exclusiveness of the São Simão-GO city. The usage of the water to supply showed little expression on the cities in the region, however deserves attention for the volume of sewage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho / Coorientador: Maurício Augusto Leite / Banca: José Augusto de Lollo / Banca: Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola / Mestre

α-Factor receptors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are G-protein-coupled receptors containing seven transmembrane segments. The ability of α-factor receptors to form oligomeric complexes with each other and with other proteins was investigated. Both in vivo and in vitroevidence was obtained that suggests homo-oligomerization of receptors in the plasma membrane. When the membranes from cells coexpressing two differentially-tagged receptors were solubilized with detergent and subjected to immunoprecipitation, the antibodies specific for either epitope tag resulted in precipitation of both tagged species. Treatment of cultures with α-factor had little effect on the extent of oligomerization as judged by the sedimentation behavior of the receptor complexes and by the efficiency of coimmunoprecipitation. The ability of receptor complexes to undergo ligand-mediated endocytosis was evaluated by using membrane fractionation and fluorescence microscopy. Mutant receptors that fail to bind α-factor (Ste2-S184R) or lack the endocytosis signal (Ste2-T326) became competent for ligand-mediated endocytosis when they were expressed in cells containing wild-type receptors. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain and intermolecular disulfide bonds were unnecessary for oligomer formation. Therefore, α-factor receptors form homo-oligomers and that these complexes are subject to ligand-mediated endocytosis. A crosslinking and immunoprecipitation strategy was used to capture and characterize the transient complexes that contain the α-factor receptor Ste2. Tagged receptors were crosslinked to form at least three high molecular weight complexes and the complexes were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against the tag. Western blotting analysis of the precipitated material revealed the presence of β and γ subunits of the heterotrimeric G protein, Ste4 and Stel8. Similar results were obtained when the cultures had been treated with α-factor prior to analysis. A truncated receptor missing most of the cytoplasmic C-terminal tail was also active in binding Ste4. Overall, these results constitute the first biochemical evidence for a physical association between the α-factor receptor and its cognate G-protein. Endocytic signals in the C-terminal tail (residues 297-431) of the α-factor receptor were analyzed. One signaling element, SINNDAKSS, (residues 331-339) is known to be sufficient (but not necessary) for endocytosis. Internal deletions of the STE2 gene were constructed that remove sequences encoding SINNDAKSS and selected regions of the C-terminal tail. Strains containing these alelles were then assayed for endocytosis in the presence and absence of α-factor. Residues from 360 to 431 were sufficient to mediate both constitutive and ligand-mediated endocytosis of the receptor even though 63 residues including the SINNDAKSS motif had been removed. Structural features of this region that were investigated further were the highly-ubiquitinated Lys374, the neighboring Lys387, and the GPFAD motif (residues 392-396). Lys374 and Lys387 were unnecessary for the element to promote exit from the plasma membrane; however, Lys374 may play some role in intracellular trafficking. The GPFAD motif was not sufficient to promote endocytosis, since the residues 360-399 provided no detectable endocytic activity. Overall, these results suggest that a new region in the C-terminal of the α-factor receptor, redundant with the SINNDAKSS motif, is sufficient to mediate the constitutive endocytosis as well as the ligand-mediated endocytosis of the receptor.

L’accélération des changements techniques et l’intégration des TIC dans la vie quotidienne renouvellent la problématique de la formation à l’ère du numérique. Il est largement admis aujourd’hui que les technologies transforment les pratiques sociales à un rythme exponentiel, mais il est cependant moins reconnu que ce sont les personnes elles-mêmes qui façonnent les usages en fonction de leurs goûts ou leurs intérêts. Or la logique de l’usager et les pratiques de détournement des outils techniques confirment cette place centrale de l’acteur dans l’exploitation finale des ressources (Perriault, 2008). Parallèlement un mouvement de recherche dévoile le fait que les personnes n’apprennent pas que dans les lieux formels de formation (Brougère & Ulmann, 2010 ; Carre & Charbonnier, 2003). Ces mutations ouvrent des perspectives de transformation radicale des pratiques d’apprentissage qui nous ont amenée à réfléchir à la question centrale des usages des ressources numériques chez les jeunes en partant du « comment » des usages (De Certeau, 1980 ; Perriault, 1989 ; Proulx, 2005) pour essayer de comprendre le « pourquoi » des pratiques (Lahire, 2012). Notre recherche utilise le principe de la triangulation des méthodes : une première démarche de nature web documentaire a permis d'établir une synthèse du rapport des jeunes au numérique. La seconde, qualitative, menée auprès de 12 jeunes de 15, 20 et 25 ans, nous a permis d’établir, des portraits numériques et de les confronter à l’observation de pratiques : recherche sur le web, Serious Game, module e-Learning et jeu vidéo. La troisième démarche, quantitative, repose sur deux études conduites à partir de questionnaires numériques. L’un a réuni un corpus de 845 répondants de 15 à 78 ans, de toutes origines sociales et l’autre, 51 jeunes de 18 à 24 ans sortis du système éducatif intégrés dans des Ecoles de la deuxième chance. Les conclusions de ce travail de recherche portent sur le rôle des contextes numériques familiaux, des dynamiques personnelles d’usage et des pratiques d’autoformation numérique, dans l’essor de conduites d’apprenance tout au long de la vie. / The acceleration of technical change and integration of information and communication technologies in everyday life renew the issue of learning and training in the digital age. Although it is now widely accepted that technology is changing social practice at an exponential rate, it is less known that the people themselves play an essential role in shaping the uses of such tools according to their tastes or interests. However the notion of “user’s logic” and practices of diverting technological tools from their original purpose both confirm the actor’s essential role in the final use of the resource (Perriault, 2008). Simultaneously, a consistent research trend on both sides of the Atlantic confirms that people do not learn only in formal training situations (Brougère & Ulmann, 2010 ; Carre & Charbonnier, 2003). These changes provide opportunities for a radical transformation of training and learning practice that led us to investigate the central question of the uses of digital resources among young people by starting with the "how" of uses (De Certeau, 1980 ; Perriault, 1989 et Proulx, 2005) in order to understand the “why” of social practice (Lahire, 2012). Our research uses the principle of methodological triangulation: first, a web-based documentary search allowed us to draw an initial picture of young people’s relation to digital resources. The second, qualitative enquiry was conducted with 12 young people of 15, 20 and 25 years of age. It has enabled us to establish “digital portraits” and link them to the observation of actual practice, using 4 artifacts (web search, serious game, e-learning program and digital game). The third approach was based on two quantitative studies conducted with Internet-based questionnaires. The first study gathered a corpus of 845 people from 15 to 78 years from all social backgrounds and the second, a group of 51 underprivileged respondents from 18 to 24 years of age, enrolled in “Second Chance Schools”. The findings of this research underline the role of family contexts with regard to technology, the personal dynamics of digital uses and the growing importance of digital self-directed learning in promoting learning readiness in today’s society.

Orientador: Luiz Augusto do Amaral / Banca: Antonella Cristina Bliska Jacinto / Banca: Francisca Neide Costa / Banca: Maria da Glória Buzinaro / Banca: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior / Resumo: A água é um recurso natural indispensável à vida, é essencial à promoção social, à produção de alimentos e ao desenvolvimento econômico. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de águas subterrâneas e superficiais na microrregião de Itapecuru-Mirim-MA foram colhidas 172 amostras de água, sendo 86 no período chuvoso (março a maio) e 86 amostras no período de estiagem (agosto a outubro). Destas, 39 amostras eram águas consumidas em residências rurais procedentes de poços artesianos, poços rasos, fontes naturais e Rede Publica de Abastecimento, 05 eram de uso doméstico, 08 de lavagem dos tetos das vacas; 02 de uso em laticínios, 01 de uso em matadouro, 01 de fábrica de polpas de frutas, 18 de bebedouros dos animais, 09 águas de uso em piscicultura e 03 de irrigação de hortaliças. Foram analisados parâmetros microbiológicos e físico-químicos e aplicado um questionário fechado contendo perguntas objetivas para se avaliar o nível de conhecimento das pessoas quanto à qualidade da água usada ou consumida e mapeado geograficamente os pontos de colheitas. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas e físico-químicas identificaram 52 (66,66 %) amostras de água de consumo humano em desacordo com os padrões microbiológicos e 23 (29,48%) em desacordo com os parâmetros físico-químicos, nove (90%) amostras de água de uso doméstico não atenderam aos padrões microbiológicos, enquanto seis (60%) não o foram para os padrões físico-químicos, para água de lavagem dos tetos evidenciaramse 13 (81,25%) e 10 (62,50%) amostras, respectivamente, fora dos padrões microbiológicos e físico-químicos vigentes. Não foi constatada contaminação microbiológica nem físico-química para água de uso em laticínio e em fábrica de polpa de frutas. Referente à água de uso em matadouro, uma (50%) amostra não atendeu aos padrões... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Water is a natural resource essential for life, it is essential to social promotion, food production and economic development. In order to evaluate the microbiological and physical chemistry quality of groundwater and surface water in the municipality of Itapecuru-Mirim-MA were collected 172 water samples, including 86 in the rainy season (March-May) and 86 samples in the dry weather period (August- October). From these total, 39 samples were water consumed in rural residences coming from shallow water wells, artesian water wells, natural sources and public water supply, 05 were domestic water, 08 from teat washings of cows; 02 for use in dairy products, 01 from the slaughterhouse, 01 from a factory fruit pulps, 18 from animal drinking fountains, 09 water samples used for pisciculture and 03 from vegetables irrigation. They were all analyzed for the microbiological and physical-chemical parameters. A close questionnaire with objective questions was also applied to evaluate the awareness level of people about the water quality used or consumed and the crops points were geographically mapped. The microbiological and physical-chemical results identified 52 (66,66%) water samples for human consumption in discordance with the microbiological standards and 23 (29,48%) in discord to the physical-chemical parameters, nine (90%) water samples for domestic use did not attend to the microbiological standards, while six (60%) were not for the physical-chemical parameters. The teat washing water results showed that 13 (81,25%) and 10 (62,50%) samples, respectively, were out of the microbiological and physical-chemical actual patterns. It was not detected microbiological contamination of water used in the dairy and in the fruit pulp factory. Referring to the water used in the slaughterhouse, one (50%) sample did not attend to the microbiological patterns, but all samples attended to the physical-chemical...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Denna uppsats avser att undersöka publikens attityder gentemot svenska influencers på Instagram. Studien undersöker hur omfattande publiken påverkas av sponsrade samarbeten mellan influencers och företag på Instagram. Vidare studeras effekten av publikens attityder och följaktligen deras agerande där utvecklingen av influencer marketing tas i beaktning. Med hjälp av materialet från studiens kvantitativa metod har data bearbetats tillsammans med teorier som huvudsakligen bygger på Katz & Lazarsfelds teori om Tvåstegshypotesen. Utefter teorins utveckling följer därefter Word of Mouth, Influencer marketing och slutligen Uses and gratifications. I samband med att influencer marketing blir alltmer populärt avser studien att bidra till forskningen i ämnet. Sammanfattningsvis har metod och teori bidragit till att hantera och analysera uppsatsens frågeställningar och syfte. Uppsatsens slutsats är att publiken upplever att deras attityd påverkas av sponsrade samarbeten på Instagram vilket bidrar till ytterligare fördjupning kring influencers som varumärke. Respondenterna upplever att deras attityd påverkas i samband av mängden samarbeten som förekommer och enligt studiens resultat påverkas publiken oavsett om de följer influencers på Instagram eller inte.

A pressão exercida sobre os recursos hídricos nas ultimas décadas, principalmente por setores como irrigação, abastecimento público, indústria e geração de energia tem sido um dos principais fatores para ampliar as bases de discussão sobre a importância da manutenção de uma parcela de água nos rios para garantir a sua integridade ecológica. Vazão ecológica foi o termo utilizado neste trabalho para definir a parcela a ser mantida nos cursos d’água, para esse fim. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as limitações do critério de vazão ecológica do Estado do Tocantins, tendo como estudo de caso as Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas - PCHs Agrotrafo e Palmeiras na bacia hidrográfica do rio Palmeiras-TO, a qual reúne condições adequadas para o escopo do trabalho, além de ser o único dos sete aproveitamentos hidrelétricos do rio Palmeiras a gerar energia a partir de um Trecho de Vazão Reduzida – TVR, é atualmente a bacia com maior vocação para a geração de energia no Estado. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto para o trabalho, a metodologia foi dividida em três etapas: a) levantamento das características das PCHs Agrotrafo e Palmeiras, b) levantamento da caracterização e limites de uso e manutenção de água na bacia, c) disponibilidade de informações hidrológicas a serem utilizadas. A partir da aplicação da metodologia foi possível identificar quatro categorias de limitações: i) limitações de ordem hidrológica, neste caso como a vazão de referência para outorga é um valor fixo com base na Q90, em determinadas épocas do ano, inclusive em período de cheia, a vazão natural é menor que a Q90; ii) limitações de ordem econômica, que indicam que caso o órgão outorgante estadual resolva seguir com rigor o que estabelece o critério de vazão ecológica, onde cada usuário tem direito de captar 25% de 75% da Q90 haveria uma drástica redução da energia a ser gerada em Agrotrafo e Palmeiras, podendo tornar o aproveitamento inviável economicamente; iii) limitações de ordem ambiental, considerando que a vazão ecológica com base em um valor fixo não leva em consideração aspectos da sazonalidade do regime de vazões, podendo haver um intenso desequilíbrio, principalmente no TVR, afetando hábitos alimentares e de migração espécies de peixes e organismos aquáticos, bem como comunidades ribeirinhas, aspectos paisagísticos e prática de esportes de corredeiras; e, iv) limitações de ordem legal ao não estabelecer uma solução operacional viável quando há disputa entre usuários, principalmente quanto à ordem de prioridade dos usos. / The pressure on the water resources in the last decades, mainly by sectors as irrigation, utility, industry and energy generation have been one of the main factors to enlarge the basis for discussion about the importance of maintaining a portion of water in rivers to ensure its ecological integrity. Ecological flow was the term used in this work to define that portion to be maintained in watercourses. That way, this work is aiming to evaluate the criteria limitations for ecological flow in Tocantins, taking as a case study on the Small Hydroelectric Centrals – “Agrotrafo” and “Palmeiras” in Palmeiras – TO river watershed, which meets appropriate conditions for the work scope, besides being the only one of seven hydropower recoveries in Palmeiras river, to generate energy from a reduced flow section – RFS, and nowadays it`s the watershed with greater vocation for energy generation in Tocantins. To achieve the proposed goal for the work, the methodology was divided into three stages: a) characteristics survey of SHC – “Agrotrafo” and “Palmeiras”; b) characterization survey, use limits and water maintenance in the watershed; c) availability of hydrologic information to be used. From the methodology application was possible to identify four limitations categories: i) hydrologic limitations, in this case as the flow reference for the grant is a fixed value based on “Q90”, at certain times of the year, including in flood times, the natural flow is less than “Q90”; ii) Economic limitations, indicating that if the state licensing agency decides to follow rigorously what establishes the criteria for ecological flow, where each user is entitled to capture 25% of 75% from “Q90” would be a drastic energy reduction to be generated in “Agrotrafo” and “Palmeiras”, can make use uneconomical; iii) Environmental limitations, considering that the ecological flow based on a fixed value does not consider flow regime seasonality, there may be an intense imbalance especially in RFS, affecting feeding habits and migration, fish species and aquatic organisms, as well as riparian communities, landscapes features and river sports; and iv) legal limitations by failing to establish a viable operational solution when there is contention among users, especially regarding the order of uses priority.

This study investigates endocytosis and ER export signals of the yeast α-factor receptor and the role that receptor oligomerization plays in these processes. The α-factor receptor contains signal sequences in the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain that are essential for ligand-mediated endocytosis. In an endocytosis complementation assay, I found that oligomeric complexes of the receptor undergo ligand-mediated endocytosis when the α-factor binding site and the endocytosis signal sequences are located in different receptors. Both in vitro and in vivo assays strongly suggested that ligand-induced conformational changes in one Ste2 subunit do not affect neighboring subunits. Therefore, the recognition of endocytosis signal sequence and the recognition of the ligand-induced conformational change are likely to be two independent events, where the signal sequence plays only a passive role in the ligand-induced endocytosis. Four amino acid substitutions (C59R, H94P, S141P and S145P) in TM domains I, II and III were identified that resulted in the accumulation of truncated receptors in the ER but did not block ER export of full-length receptors. The two DXE motifs in the C-terminal tail were required for export of the mutant receptors from the ER; however DXE was not essential for proper cell surface expression of wild-type receptors apparently because the receptors contain redundant ER export signals. An assay for oligomerization of receptors in the ER was developed based on the ability of truncated mutant receptors to exit the ER. The four substitutions (C59R, H94P, S141P and S145P) that caused DXE-dependent ER export failed to form homo-oligomers, suggesting that the DXE motifs and receptor oligomerization serve as independent ER export signals. Consistent with this view, two of the substitutions (S141P and S145P), when coexpressed, with wild-type receptors, formed hetero-oligomers that exited the ER. Finally, the full-length oligomer-defective mutant Ste2-S141P was sensitive to α-factor, suggesting that receptor monomers that reach the cell surface are able to activate the heterotrimeric G protein. The potential roles that TM1, 2 and 3 play in receptor oligomerization are discussed.

Esta pesquisa busca compreender como o consumo midiático de padrões de beleza feminina, mais especificamente das modelos profissionais, pode estar implicado no desejo juvenil de seguir essa carreira. Filiando-se à abordagem sociocultural do consumo de García Canclini (2006) e à teoria do uso social dos meios (Martín-Barbero, 2003), investiga-se como a mídia e a família operam mediações na construção desse desejo. A noção de sonho, desde o aporte de Campbell (2001), e de projeto de vida (Velho, 2003) também são mobilizadas para dar conta da problemática. A partir de uma perspectiva multimetodológica, os dados construídos em campo evidenciaram a dimensão do prazer e da fantasia que estão inscritos no sonho de ser modelo e na relação que as jovens estabelecem com os conteúdos midiáticos sobre essa atividade profissional. / This research aims to understand how the media consumption of feminine beauty standarts, more specifically of professional models, may be implicated in the youthful desire of following a modeling career. Adhering to García Canclini (2006) sociocultural approach of consumption, and to the social use of media theory (Martín-Barbero, 2003), it investigates how media and family operate as mediators of this desire’s construction. The notions of “dream” (Campbell, 2001) and “life projects” (Velho, 2003) are also utilized to explain the issue. From a multimethod perspective, the data constructed in the field evidenced the dimensions of pleasure and fantasy inscribed into the dream of being a model and in the relation that young women establish with media content regarding this professional activity.