Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-22T14:44:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcia bernardes.pdf: 1420191 bytes, checksum: c3034d129e01ce5983094d204ab88d96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T14:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcia bernardes.pdf: 1420191 bytes, checksum: c3034d129e01ce5983094d204ab88d96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / Nenhuma / A pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as interações comunicacionais de jovens mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social, acolhidas em uma instituição de atendimento socioeducativo no município de Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, buscando compreender os usos sociais da Internet em um contexto institucional de acesso restrito e monitorado das tecnologias. A pesquisa busca pensar os modos de construção da cidadania e a reconfiguração das identidades culturais e sociabilidades das jovens no marco das fronteiras impostas pela condição de abrigamento na instituição e pelas condições socioeconômicas e o contexto de desigualdades sociais em que as jovens estão inseridas. O referencial teórico utilizado parte dos estudos de recepção, no âmbito dos estudos culturais, utilizando como aportes conceituais as noções de juventude, gênero, cidadania, classe social, identidade, sociabilidade e usos sociais da Internet. A metodologia parte de uma perspectiva etnográfica que abrange a convivência com as jovens no abrigo, a interação direta com as abrigadas na sala de informática e a utilização das técnicas da observação, das entrevistas abertas e das conversas informais. Os principais eixos de análise apontam para a preponderância do consumo da cultura massiva, via Internet, por parte das jovens e para o uso da Internet como meio de entretenimento. Também sinalizam para a constituição de sociabilidades juvenis marcadas pelas questões de gênero e classe e condicionadas pelo tensionamento exclusão-inclusão social e tecnológica e por táticas para contornar o controle institucional que se traduz na limitação e monitoramento do acesso e usos da Internet pela instituição de acolhimento onde se situam as jovens. / The research investigates the communicative interactions of young women in situations of social vulnerability, received care in a childcare institution in the city of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, seeking to understand the social uses of the Internet in an institutional context of restricted and monitories access of technologies. The research thinks about the ways of citizenship construction and the cultural identities reconfiguration and sociability of young people in the boundaries imposed by the socioeconomic conditions and by the context of social inequalities that young people are inserted. The starting point of theoretical part is the reception studies, within cultural studies, using the concepts of youth, gender, citizenship, social class, identity, sociability and social uses of Internet. The methodology starts from an ethnographic perspective that includes coexistence with youth in the institution, the direct interaction with them in the computer room and use of the techniques of observation, interviews and informal conversations. The main areas of analysis indicate to the preponderance of mass consumer culture, through the Internet, by the young, and for the use of the Internet as an entertainment medium. Also indicate the formation of youth sociability marked by gender and class questions and conditioned by the tension between social and technology exclusion-inclusion and tactics to circumvent the institutional control that be in the limiting and monitoring access to by the uses of the Internet from institution where are the young.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-16T11:36:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Dutra Brignol_.pdf: 2501047 bytes, checksum: e949c4366d443a1c6e137b5af1712080 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T11:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Dutra Brignol_.pdf: 2501047 bytes, checksum: e949c4366d443a1c6e137b5af1712080 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Partindo de uma concepção de comunicação, cultura e identidade fundamentada na perspectiva dos estudos culturais, a pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar, através de um estudo de caso, as relações que se dão entre a Internet e a identidade cultural gaúcha, de modo a discutir como questões identitárias atravessam um site - a Página do Gaúcho - destinado a tematizar a cultura regional a partir da ênfase na tradição. Em uma abordagem etnográfica, através da combinação de procedimentos metodológicos como observação, histórias de vida, rotinas produtivas e análise de conteúdo, a investigação apresenta a identidade gaúcha como mediação para usos sociais da rede mundial de computadores, e, simultaneamente, sendo reconfigurada através de sua construção midiática. A Internet, como dinamizadora da vivência de estratégias identitárias, está ampliando possibilidades de experimentar modos de ‘ser gaúcho’ com a atualização de disputas que estão na gênese da construção da identidade, ao mesmo tempo em que promove um reordenamento a partir da apropriação de suas possibilidades comunicativas, com a formação de comunidades virtuais e as alterações na relação entre usos e produção. / The research aims the investigation of the relations that occur between the Internet and the Gaucho’s cultural identity, through a study case, from the concept of communication, culture and identity based on cultural studies. The study shall discuss how identity matters go beyond a site called “Página do Gaúcho”, which targets, through emphasis in the tradition, the thematic of the regional culture. The investigation shows the Gaucho’s identity as a mediator to social uses in the Web, at the same time that has another configuration through the media construction using an ethnographical approach joined with methodological procedures such as observation, life experience, productive routine and content analysis. The Internet, as a means of amplifying the experience of identity strategies, is increasing the possibilities of experimenting the ways of “to be gaucho” with the updating of the dispute that is found in the core of the identity. At the same time, it promotes reorganization from the adoption of communicative possibilities, forming virtual communities and changes in relations between uses and production.

A travers l'histoire culturelle de la noix et du noyer en Occident, ce sont tous les rapports des sociétés passées au monde végétal qui sont interrogés. Que savaient ces sociétés de la noix et du noyer ? Que faisaient-elles de cet arbre et de son fruit ? Enfin, que pensaient-elles de ce végétal ? Quelles croyances et quels symboles la noix et le noyer ont-ils inspiré à l'imagination des hommes ? Autant de questions auxquelles il a été possible de répondre dans ce travail grâce à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie nouvelle prenant en compte le caractère de longue durée et l'interdisciplinarité inhérente à un tel sujet. Ainsi, par l'analyse de sources nombreuses, issues de divers champs disciplinaires comme la botanique, la médecine, l'histoire de l'alimentation, l'archéobotanique, les mythologies et les religions, les littératures populaires ou encore la parémiologie, une histoire culturelle de la noix et du noyer a pu être écrite. Cette histoire propose une promenade à travers les sources et les siècles, de l'Antiquité romaine au XVIIIè siècle, qui dévoile les évolutions majeures relatives aux savoirs, aux usages, aux mentalités et aux sensibilités qui ont entouré la noix et le noyer en Occident. / Through the cultural history of the walnut and the walnut tree in the Occident, it is all the relationships between past societies and the vegetal world that are being examined. What did these societies know about the walnut and the walnut tree ? What did they do with this tree and its fruit ? What did they think about it ? How did the walnut and the walnut tree capture the human imagination ? What beliefs and symbols emerged from those conceptions ? It has been possible to answer those questions through the development of a new methodology that takes into account the long-term history and an interdisciplinary approach, inherent to such a subject. Thus, through the analysis of various primary sources from numerous disciplines such as botany, medecine, the history of food, archeobotany, mythologies and religions, popular literatures or proverbs, a cultural history of the walnut and the walnut tree has been elaborated. This history offers a walk, through sources and centuries, from roman Antiquity to the XVIIIth century, and reveals the major developments and shifts regarding knowledges, uses, mentalities and sensibilities concerning the walnut and the walnut tree in the Occident.

Cette thèse propose de faire une étude des usages antiques et modernes d'un passage du deuxième chant de l’Iliade, connu depuis le Ve siècle avant notre ère sous la désignation de Catalogue de vaisseaux. Ce passage est devenu une sorte de paradigme d'un type d'énonciation, I'« énonciation en catalogue» (καταλέγειν), qu'une grande partie des études modernes a interprété comme un manière idéale de décrire la réalité du passé dans un ordre discursif étroitement lié à la transmission d'une« vérité», voire comme étant à l'origine de l'écriture de l'histoire. Cette lecture, à notre avis, eu un effet sur un certain nombre d'études modernes, et est aussi un effet de ces études. Ces effet sont loin d'être anodins car ils ont conduit à considérer le catalogue comme un document jugé utile pour trouver la « Grèce homérique» et, qui sait, pour répondre à d'autres « question homériques» La qualification de ce passage en «catalogue» fait néanmoins écho à une pratique qui, comme l'on montré d'autres études, remonte non seulement à la production poétique diversifiée de l'époque archaïque -y compris l’Iliade où cette pratique se présente comme un mode d'interlocution original -mais se prolonge bien au-delà. En se tournant vers quelques usages anciens des discours e catalogue et, en particulier, du Catalogue des vaisseaux, nous cherchons à comprendre à quelle autres fonctions (qu'elles soient proches ou non des fonctions repérées par les textes modernes) cette pratique énonciative répond et comment elles se manifestent dans la dialectique avec les texte antérieurs mobilisés et avec leurs propres enjeux. / This thesis proposes a study of the ancient and modern uses of a passage from the second Book of the Iliad, known since the 5th century before our era under the designation « Catalogue of Ships ». This passage became a sort of paradigm of a particular mode of utterance, the « catalogue mode of enunciation » (καταλέγειν), which great number of the modern studies had interpreted as an ideal way to describe the reality of the past in a discursive order closely related to the transmission of a « truth », or rather being in the origins of the writing of history. We assume that this reading had an impact on a number of modern studies and it is a consequence of them as well. Such impacts are far from being meaningless, once they had led to consider the catalogue as a document judged reliable to find the « Homeric Greece » and, who knows, to answer to other « Homeric questions». The status of « catalogue » in this passage nevertheless echoes the practice which, as other studies had shown, goes back not only to the diversity of the poetical production from the archaic period - including the Iliad where this practice presents itself as an original interlocution mode - but extends it far beyond. On turning towards some ancient uses of the speeches in catalogue, particularly the ones from the Catalogue of Ships, we aim to understand to what other functions (those being close or not from the ones identified by the modern texts) this enunciative practice answers and how they appear in the dialectic with the previous texts concerned and with their own issues.

Em um mundo em franco processo de homogeneização com a mundialização promovida pelo capital, tendo como suporte sistemas de comunicação ou, antes, de não-comunicação, incorporando o espaço do planeta inteiro, como entender a (re)emergência de valores locais, particularmente, os relacionados à identidade espacial? Considerando que as relações sociais continuam embora envolvendo em grau crescente as mediações eletrônicas sendo exercidas no e através do espaço, o que implica, necessariamente, seu uso, o que explica a construção da identidade espacial e o que define sua própria reafirmação em meio a diluição promovida pelo processo de mundialização? Nosso estudo procurou fazer essa análise no Morro da Conceição, bairro periférico do Recife, perseguindo dois caminhos: o primeiro, procura identificar, pela análise dos usos do espaço, as sobrevivências da vida de relações que caracterizam o lugar, bem como, os conteúdos que lhes deram forma historicamente. Nesta parte, o acento encontra-se na análise de práticas especiais que, baseadas na prevalência dos valores de uso, promovem laços de identificação dos moradores com o que definimos de lugar. O segundo, tenta associar a discussão sobre o papel que a grande mídia tem como produtora de não-comunicação e, portanto, como fonte de diluição da vida de relações, particularmente, de relações entre as pessoas a partir de uma base material concreta, prático sensível, com o contraponto da mídia alternativa, as chamadas TVs de rua, cuja dimensão dos espaços públicos, como a praça e a rua, é vislumbrada por essas tevês como atitude afirmativa de processos comunicativos baseados nas relações interpessoais, no encontro, na festa, em usos do espaço não absorvidos pela troca. É por meio da experiência específica da TV VIVA no Morro da Conceição que vamos procurar elementos de análise que a associe a um papel de reforço da identidade e de manutenção do lugar. / In a world in frank process of homogenization with the mundialization promoted by capital, having as support communication systems or, rather than, non-communication systems, incorporating all the planet, how to understand the (re)emergence of local values, particularly, those related to spatial identity? Whereas the social relations continue although involving an increasing degree the electronic mediations being exercised in and through the space, what necessarily implies its use? What explains the construction of the spatial identity? And what defines its own reaffirmation into the dilution promoted by the mundialization process? Our study sought to make this analysis in Morro da Conceição, peripheral neighborhood of Recife pursuing two ways: the first, seeks to identify, by analyzing the uses of space, the survival of life of relations that characterize the place as well as the contents that shaped them historically. In this part, the accent is on the analysis of spatial practices, that, based on the prevalence of use values, promoting the identification of residents with what we define place. The second tries to associate the discussion about the role that the mainstream media has as a producer of non-communication and therefore as a source of dilution of life relations, particularly relations between people from a material base, practical-sensitive, with the counterpoint of the alternative media, and so-called street TVs, whose dimension of public space, such as the square and the street, is envisioned for these TVs as assertiveness a communicative process based on interpersonal relationships; at the meeting; at the party; in uses of space not absorbed by the exchange. It is through the specific experience of the TV VIVA in Morro da Conceição that we will seek analysis elements that associate it with the role of strengthening of identity and maintenance of the place.

Cette recherche porte sur les usages de l’audiovisuel éducatif par les enseignants. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de la sociologie des usages, pour autant, l’objet de recherche au cœur de cette thèse est au croisement de l’audiovisuel et des enjeux éducatif. Il s’agit donc de développer une approche communicationnelle des outils et médias éducatifs, telle que la définit Pierre Moeglin (2005). La première étape de ce travail consiste à mettre en évidence les éléments qui configurent l’usage, notamment du côté des acteurs : nous proposons une archéologie de l’audiovisuel éducatif, puis nous revenons sur l’offre actuelle en matière d’audiovisuel éducatif et plus particulièrement sur lesite.tv, premier service numérique de vidéo éducative à la demande. La deuxième étape se focalise davantage sur les usages à proprement parler. Après avoir étudié l’utilisation du site.tv au moyen de données quantitatives, nous observons dans quelle mesure les représentations que les concepteurs se font des usagers participent de la configuration des usages. Ces derniers sont analysés à travers le discours d’enseignants usagers et non-usagers, via une série d’entretiens compréhensifs. Les portraits d’usagers, puis l’analyse transversale des entretiens, permettent d’évaluer les «renoncements négociés » qui se manifestent à travers l'usage de l'audiovisuel. Somme toute, cette recherche interroge la tension que l’usage de l’audiovisuel éducatif instaure entre logiques éducatives et médiatiques. Il convoque à ce titre les enjeux relatifs à une certaine industrialisation de l’éducation ; et du côté audiovisuel, les perspectives relatives aux écritures transmédiatiques. / This research focuses on the uses of educational audiovisual by teachers. It falls within the theoretical framework of the sociology of uses, however, the research object at the heart of this work is at the intersection of audiovisual and educational issues. Therefore, it aims to develop a communicationnal approach of educational tools and media, as defined by Pierre Moeglin (2005). The first stage of this work tries to highlight the elements that configure the use, regarding the side of actors. First, we propose an archeology of educational audiovisual, then, we return to the current offer in terms of educational audiovisual and specifically on the content proposed by the first digital educational video on demand for teachers, lesite.tv. The second phase focuses more on the uses itself. After studying the use of lesite.tv, using quantitative data, we see how far the representations of designers are part of the user configuration uses. These are analyzed through the speeches of users and non-users teachers, within a series of comprehensive interviews. The realization of som user’s portraits and cross-sectional analysis of the interviews, allows to evaluate the "negotiated renunciations" that occur within the class, regarding to the professional identity of teachers, refering to public and private spheres and, finally, facing the so called "digital conversion". Overall, this research questions the tension that the use of educational audiovisual established between educational and media logics. It carries as such issues related to the industrialization of education ; and towards audiovisual, transmedia prospects.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-08T14:05:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Aylla Gabriela Paiva de Araújo.pdf: 3897687 bytes, checksum: 1856ef5c785e094622ff114ea34680eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-09T18:52:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Aylla Gabriela Paiva de Araújo.pdf: 3897687 bytes, checksum: 1856ef5c785e094622ff114ea34680eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-09T18:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Aylla Gabriela Paiva de Araújo.pdf: 3897687 bytes, checksum: 1856ef5c785e094622ff114ea34680eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / This dissertation focuses on our concerns about the teaching and learning process of mathematics in the Clothing Modeling Technical Course. The piece of research aimed to implement a sequence of three activities that relate mathematics with the construction of clothing modeling. A total of ten meetings took place from September 11th to November 21 , 2014, with two groups in the morning and afternoon shifts. The carried out work aimed to meet the needs referring to the planning and development of the subject Applied Mathematics of the Clothing Modeling Technical Course, where at each four-hour meeting the contents of Basic Mathematics and Plane Geometry as well as the use of the contents in the modeling construction were explained. The piece of research emphasizes a case for study as it presents a narrative and descriptive text. Finally, the mathematical behavior and development of each student were analyzed and the socialization among themselves while making up the modeling and solving the other activities was perceived. This enabled them to understand the role of mathematics in its social context and, therefore, in the future, these students will become professionals with more reflexive knowledge. / Esse estudo centraliza nossas preocupações referentes ao ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática no Curso Técnico de Modelagem de Vestuário. A pesquisa objetivou a responder uma sequência de três atividades que relacionam a Matemática com a construção de moldes de vestuários. Ocorreram 10 encontros no período de 11 de setembro a 21 de novembro de 2014, com duas turmas, no turno manhã e tarde. Uma das atividades desenvolvidas buscou suprir necessidades relacionadas aos planejamentos e andamento da disciplina Matemática Aplicada, do Curso Técnico de Modelagem de Vestuários, onde a cada encontro com duração de 4 horas, foram explicados conteúdos da Matemática Básica e Geometria Plana, bem como aplicação dos conteúdos na confecção do molde. A pesquisa enfatiza um caso para estudo, pois visa apresenta um texto muito mais narrativo e descritivo. Por fim, analisou-se o comportamento e o desenvolvimento matemático de cada aluna e percebeu-se a socialização entre elas ao confeccionar os moldes e resolver as outras atividades, fazendo com que entendessem o papel da Matemática no seu contexto social e, assim, se tornando futuramente profissionais com um conhecimento mais reflexivo.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência de dois dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona (P4) comerciais constituídos de matriz de silicone, um contendo um grama (g) de progesterona (Cronipres® de 3usos, Biogénesis Bagó, Argentina) e outro contendo 0,558 g de P4 (Cronipres® Mono Dose M-24, Biogénesis Bagó, Argentina). O presente estudo foi dividido em três experimentos: O primeiro comparou a cinética de liberação de P4 (Teste in vitro). O segundo, avaliou as concentrações plasmáticas de P4 em vacas ovariectomizadas (Teste in vivo). No terceiro, vacas multíparas ciclícas passaram por um protocolo de sincronização da ovulação para IATF, onde foi avaliada a dinâmica folicular, desde a colocação do implante no D0, até o momento da inseminação (Dinâmica folicular). Nesse experimento as concentrações séricas de P4 foram dosadas nos dias 6, 7 e 8 do protocolo de IATF. No experimento In vitro supracitado, os dois dispositivos, foram alocados em duplicata, no dissolutor de comprimidos, o qual continha álcool e água na proporção de 60:40. Amostras foram colhidas nos seguintes momentos: 2min, 24, 48, 72, e 96 horas. As quantidades de P4 foram dosadas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alto Desempenho (HPLC). Para quantidade acumulada de P4, segundo dispositivo, em função do tempo, houve interação tempo*tratamento (P=0,0002). A quantidade de P4 diferiu entre os dois dispositivos testados e também em relação ao tempo (P<0.0001). Houve diferença estatísitica, nos tempos 2min, 72 e 96 horas. As equações que descrevem as quantidades liberadas são: dispositivos Cronipres® 3 usos Y= 62,396x + 175,70 (R2 = 0,99) Cronipres® Mono Dose Y= 53,314x + 127,7(R2=0,98). No experimento in vivo, 8 vacas ovariectomizadas foram divididas em dois grupos, metade recebeu o Cronipres® de 3 usos e a outra metade recebeu o Cronipres® Mono Dose durante 11 os dias de tratamento. Foram colhidas amostras nos tempos 0 (colocação do dispositivo ), 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, 216, 240 e 264 horas. Foram comparados os teores plasmáticos de P4, por espectrometria de massas no laboratório Thomson da Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP). Houve efeito de tratamento e de tempo (p < 0,05), entretanto, não houve efeito de tempo (p > 0,05). No terceiro experimento, 20 vacas multíparas cíclicas foram submetidas a um protocolo de sincronização da ovulação. Os animais receberam 2 mg intramuscular (IM) de Benzoato de Estradiol . Metade do grupo (n=10) recebeu um dispositivo intravaginal de P4, Cronipres® 3 usos, e a outra metade (n=10) recebeu o Cronipres® Mono Dose M-24. No D8 procedeu-se a retirada do implante e aplicação IM de 150 g de D-cloprostenol . No D9, todos os animais receberam 1mg IM de Benzoato de estradiol . Foi realizado o escaneamento dos ovários por ultrassonografia a cada 24 horas, do momento da inserção do dispositivo até à retirada no D8. A partir da indução, todas as vacas tiveram seus ovários escaneados e mapeados a cada 12 horas, durante 4 dias. Coletas de sangue foram efetuadas nos dias seis, sete e oito do protocolo para comparar as concentrações plasmáticas de P4 antes da retirada do dispositivo. Foram avaliadas as variáveis, início da nova onda de crescimento folicular, diâmetro do folículo préovulatório (de forma retrospectiva) e momento da ovulação pelo teste qui quadrado. Os dados de ovulação, foram submetidos à análise de regressão logística, pelo PROC MIXED e os dados de desenvolvimento folicular, pelo PROC LOGISTIC (SAS, versão 9.3). Não houve diferença no início da nova onda de crescimento folicular, diâmetro do folículo pré-ovulatório e taxa de ovulação (P>0,05). Houve uma tendência de antecipação da ovulação (P=0.06), das vacas do grupo cronipres Mono Dose, uma vaca desse grupo antecipou a ovulação em cerca de 36 h.Mesmo apressentando diferenças estatísticas nos testes in vítro e in vivo, os animais tratados com dispositivo de 0,558 gramas apresentaram padrão de desenvolvimento folicular semelhante ao grupo tratado com o dispositivo de 1g. / This study aimed to compare the efficiency of two commercial intravaginal progesterone (P4) devices consisting of silicone matrix, containing 1 gram (g) of progesterone (Cronipres of 3uses ®, Biogenesis Bagó, Argentina) and another containing 0.558 g P4 (Cronipres ® Mono Dose M-24, Biogenesis Bagó, Argentina). This study was divided into three experiments: The first compared the kinetics of release of P4 (in vitro test). The second evaluated the plasma concentrations of P4 in ovariectomized cows (in vivo test). In the third, multiparous cyclical cows passed a complete protocol where TAI was evaluated follicular dynamics, since the placement of the implant in D0, until the time of insemination (follicular dynamics) and serum concentrations of P4 before removing devices (follicular dynamics). In vitro experiment above, the two devices were placed in triplicate in dissolver of tablets, which contained alcohol and water in the ratio of 60:40. Samples were collected at the following times: 2min, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The amounts of P4 were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). To cumulative amount of P4, the second device as a function of time, treatment time * significant interaction (P = 0.0002). The amount of P4 differed between the two implants Cronipres ® and also in relation to time (P <0.0001). There were differences in the times 1, 4, 5. The equations that describe the quantities released are Cronipres device 3 uses ® Y - = 175.70 + 62.396 x (R2 = 0.99) Cronipres Dose ® Mono Y = 53.314 x + 127.7 (R2 = 0.98). In the in vivo experiment, 8 ovariectomized cows were divided into two groups, half received Cronipres ® 3 uses the other half received the Cronipres ® Mono Dose for 11 treatment days. Samples were collected at 0 (implant placement), 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, 216, 240, 264 hours. We compared the plasma levels of P4, mass spectrometry laboratory Thomson of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). No effect was observed treatment and animal (p> 0.05) however there was only time effect (p <0.05). In the third experiment, 20 multiparous cows and cyclic undergone a complete protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI). In D0 treatment, all animals received 2 mg intramuscular (IM) of estradiol benzoate (Cronibest ® - Biogenesis-Tobago, Argentina). Half of the group (n = 10) received an intravaginal P4 device, Cronipres ® 3 uses, and the other half (n = 10) received the Cronipres ® Mono Dose M-24. In D8 proceeded to implant removal and application of IM 150 mg of D-cloprostenol (Croniben ®, Biogenesis-Bagó, Argentina). On Day 9, all animals received 1 mg IM. of estradiol benzoate (Cronibest ® Biogenesis-Bagó, Argentina). Was performed by ultrasound scanning of the ovaries every 24 hours from time of insertion of the implant to the withdrawal D8. From induction, all cows had their ovaries scanned and mapped every 12 hours for 4 days. Blood samples were taken on days six, seven and eight protocol to compare the plasma concentrations of P4 before removing the device. The variables, early new wave of follicular growth, diameter of the preovulatory follicle (retrospectively), ovulation rate and time of ovulation. Ovulation data were analyzed by logistic regression using PROC LOGISTIC and follicular development data, using PROC MIXED (SAS, version 9.3). The ovulation rate was 80% for both groups (P> 0.05). There was a tendency to anticipate ovulation (P = 0:07), cows in group B. A cow\'s ovulation group B anticipated for about 36 h. There was no difference in estatístisca dominant follicle diameter at the time of TAI, on the emergence of a new wave and pre ovulatory follicle size (p> 0.05).

Valuation draws heavily on the economic theory of demand. This tells us that users have preferences for water and are willing to pay different amounts for units of water put to different uses. Water should be allocated between these uses to the point that equalises the value of the last or 'marginal' unit. In other words, it is impossible to find a higher value for this marginal unit. Application of this principle of equi-marginal returns requires us to have some clarity about water values in competing uses. This is also important since water is rarely free to supply, and therefore suppliers need to charge a price that is in some sense equal to the supply cost and value to achieve full cost recovery. Even though inclusion of this economic rationale in the management of water resources has been a widely accepted principle, and is included in national and the EU policies, the actual practice does not fully reflect this endorsement. While many countries recognise the vital nature of water resources, few, if any, pursue a rigorous analysis of revealing the explicit value of water as a basis for determining whether water is actually being allocated to sectors in order to maximise its overall benefit to society. Aspiring to be the first Hydro Nation, maximising the social return from its water uses ought to be a policy objective in Scotland. This thesis constructs a portfolio of different water uses, estimating the approximate value for each and their current allocation in Scotland. This aims to stimulate an informed debate on actual allocation of water among different uses, relative values and trade-offs of these allocations in Scotland so that alternative allocation scenarios can also be discussed. I then focus on the valuation of water by manufacturing industries, the biggest consumptive use and a significant added value creator in Scotland. I investigate the factors that affect the valuation of water and the responsiveness to prices in manufacturing industries using a meta-analysis technique. These values are obviously not the same for each manufacturing sector due the nature of their use and value of their final output. Some sectors create premium value out of their use. The whisky industry stands out as a water-intensive and high value creating sector, as well as a vital contributor to the rural and overall Scottish economy. It is analysed here as the first case study using water footprint and marginal productivity analyses methods, both analyses highlighting the importance of quality and quantity of local water resources in Scotland and its value to the industry. The second case study is the livestock industry, which has been overlooked in the valuation of water use literature yet is significant for livelihoods in rural Scotland where reduced land capability limits agricultural production options. Following the portfolio of water uses, meta-analysis and case studies that analyse the current situation of value and allocation, I explore how the current situation can be improved through the application of tradability. Currently the main problem in Scotland is not the amount of water used or abstracted, but the pollution reaching water bodies as the result of run-off and leaching from agricultural fields. Therefore, the feasibility of trading water rights is more concerned with the permits to pollute rather than the rights to use. Using a linear optimisation I look into the potential of designing a payment for ecosystem services scheme based on tradability of water pollution in agricultural catchments that are affected by from diffuse pollution. The results indicate that trading schemes help reduce the cost of pollution to all users while creating additional income for farms. For constructing more precise pollution rights and robust schemes more research efforts are required.

O trabalho de pesquisa teve como referência o ano de 2011 e foi realizado na área da Barragem do Arroio Taquarembó, no Município de Dom Pedrito – RS. Esta região está localizada na microrregião da Campanha Gaúcha, inserida na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria. O problema de pesquisa refere-se à possibilidade da cobrança pelo uso da água provocar um aumento significativo nos custos de produção da lavoura de arroz, inviabilizando sistemas de produção. Neste sentido, buscou-se identificar as possíveis mudanças no desempenho econômico dos sistemas de produção, com a implantação da cobrança pelo uso da água. A caracterização dos sistemas de produção agrícola foi realizada utilizando-se questionário, aplicado em todas as unidades de produção agrícola da área de estudo. Com as informações obtidas sobre a estrutura de produção, recursos humanos, financeiros e dos gastos e receitas na safra 2011, foram calculados indicadores de desempenho econômico. Para cada unidade de produção agrícola, foi determinado o consumo de água na lavoura de Arroz. O preço do metro cúbico de água foi obtido a partir de valores simulados por modelo matemático desenvolvido, especificamente, para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria. A partir do preço da água, foi determinado o custo de cada unidade de produção agrícola, em função do volume de água consumido. Após a inclusão deste novo custo de produção, foram recalculados todos os indicadores de desempenho econômico. Na sequência, foram realizadas análises estatísticas, visando identificar a existência de relação entre o estabelecimento da cobrança pelo uso da água e variações nos indicadores de desempenho econômico. As variações identificadas não foram estatisticamente significativas. Esta condição possibilitou concluir, para a região analisada, que a cobrança pelo uso da água pode não ser eficiente como desestímulo ao desperdício, pois não gera significativos impactos negativos na renda final dos produtores. Da mesma forma, também relativiza o argumento que a cobrança pelo uso da água inviabiliza a produção orizícola, pelo aumento excessivo dos custos de produção. / The research happened in 2011 at the Dam Arroyo Taquarembó, in Dom Pedrito - RS. This region is located in the micro Campaign Gaúcha inserted into the Santa Maria Basin River. The research problem concerns the possibility of charging for the water use caused a significant increase in production of the costs of the rice crop, preventing production systems. Therefore, to identify possible changes in the economic performance of production systems, with the deployment of charging for the water use. The characterization of agricultural production systems was conducted using a questionnaire applied to all agricultural production units of the researched area. With the information about the structure of production, human resources, and financial costs and revenues in 2011, it was calculated indicators of economic performance. For each unit of agricultural production, was given water consumption in rice farming. The price of a cubic meter of water was obtained from values simulated by a mathematical model developed, specifically, for the Santa Maria Basin River. From the price of water it was determined the cost of each unit of agricultural production, due to the volume of consumed water. After the inclusion of this new production costs it was recalculated all the indicators of economic performance. Further, statistical analyzes were performed in order to identify the existence of a relationship between the establishment of the charging for water use and the variations in economic performance indicators. The identified variations were not statistically significant. This condition allowed concluding, for the analyzed region, that the charging for water use may not be as effective disincentive to waste, because it does not generate significant negative impacts on the final income of producers. In this way, it wasn’t significant that the argument of the charging for water prevents the production of rice and the excessive increase of production costs, wasn´t significant.