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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
611

Águas pluviais para usos não potáveis em escolas municipais: estudo de caso na região da baixada de Jacarepaguá, RJ. / Rainwater for non potable uses in municipal schools: study of case in the region of Baixada de Jacarepaguá- RJ.

Carla Ribeiro da Silva Peixe 12 March 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A captação de águas pluviais não constitui nova estratégia ou tecnologia. No entanto, recentemente tem sido proposta em regiões bem desenvolvidas ou em desenvolvimento (peri-urbanas) em resposta a grandes períodos de estiagens, aumento da demanda por água, maior conscientização pública das enchentes urbanas e sua gênese e, aumento do interesse em práticas de construções sustentáveis, que integram também o uso racional da água. As escolas constituem uma importante fundação da nação, e tem influência no desenvolvimento da sociedade e da sensibilização/ conscientização sobre as questões ambientais. Muitos dos usos da água nas escolas envolvem usos menos nobres da água. Neste contexto, nessa dissertação de mestrado além da análise de marcos legais nesse assunto, foi realizada pesquisa de opinião (entrevista e questionário) junto a atores que interferem no processo decisório da utilização das águas pluviais nas escolas para fins não potáveis. Foram observadas as condições físicas-construtivas das escolas do município do Rio de Janeiro, sobretudo na região da 7a. CRE, que abrange a região da Baixada de Jacarepaguá, área de expansão da cidade. Foi implementada uma unidade para coleta e caracterização da qualidade das águas pluviais, além da caracterização e estudo dos volumes de primeiro descarte (first flush). Os parâmetros de qualidade da água pH, T, OD, ORP, Tu, STD, Condutividade e Salinidade, foram observados com auxílio de sonda multiparâmetros e, através de análise laboratorial de acordo com o Standard Methods, os coliformes termotolerantes. No estudo de percepção foi verificada uma grande aceitação do aproveitamento de águas pluviais para fins não potáveis, embora diretores de escola tenham apresentado informações/percepção divergentes sobre consumo e contas de água das escolas, de sua coordenadoria. Na análise dos parâmetros de qualidade da água versus registros pluviométricos foi observada variabilidade nos eventos pluviométricos observados que limitaram a correlação entre os mesmos, e acabou limitando as conclusões dos estudos de volumes para primeira lavagem e descarte (first flush). Os resultados da pesquisa permitem recomendar a implementação de políticas públicas para aproveitamento de águas pluviais para fins não potáveis nas escolas, mas, com o devido apoio tecnológico. Recomenda-se o aperfeiçoamento e automatização do sistema de coleta de águas pluviais para os estudos de first-flush e otimização dos volumes de descarte. / Rainwater harvesting does not constitute a new strategy or technology. However, recently it has been proposed in well-developed regions or in development (peri-urban) in response to long periods of dryness, increased demand for water, greater public awareness of urban flooding and its genesis, and increased interest in sustainable construction practices, incorporating also the rational use of water. Schools are an important foundation of the nation and has influence in the development of society and awareness about environmental issues. Many of the uses of water in schools involve less noble uses of water. In this context, this dissertation in addition to the analysis of legal frameworks in this matter was held survey (interview and questionnaire) with actors who interfere in the decision-making process of the use of rainwater for non potable purposes in schools. Schools physical- constructive conditions were observed of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, especially in the region of the 7th CRE, which covers the region of Baixada de Jacarepaguá, area in expansion of the city. It was implemented a unit for collection and characterization of rainwater quality, plus the characterisation and study of volumes of first flush. The water quality parameters pH, T, DO, ORP, Tu, TDS, Conductivity and Salinity, were observed with the aid of multi-parameter probe and, through laboratory testing in accordance with the Standard Methods, the fecal coliforms. In the study of perception was verified a wide acceptance of the use of rainwater for drinking purposes, although school directors have submitted divergent perception/information about consumption and water bills of the schools in its coordination. In the analysis of water quality parameters versus rainfall records was observed a certain variability in the rainfall events observed that limited the correlation between them, and ended up limiting the conclusions of the studies of volumes for the first washing and disposal (first flush). The search results allowed to recommend the implementation of public policies for rainwater utilization for potable purposes in schools, but with a technological support. It is recommended the improvement and automation of the rainwater collection system for studies of first-flush and optimization of disposition volumes.
612

Estrogen and Antiestrogen Actions on Human Prostate Cancer: A Dissertation

Lau, Kin-Mang 17 December 2001 (has links)
Prostate cancer increases its incidence with age after men in their fifth decade as the ratio of estrogen to androgen rises. Epidemiological studies indicated that high levels of estrogens are associated with the high-risk ethnic groups for prostate cancer. Therefore, estrogens may be involved in prostatic carcinogenesis. It is widely believed that the actions of estrogens are mediated by estrogen receptors. However, expression of estrogen receptor in normal prostate and lesions of the gland was controversial. With the recent discovery of second estrogen receptor (ER-β), this issue became more complicated and it needs to be readdressed. In addition, the biological involvement of ER-β in human prostate remains to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that human normal prostate epithelial cells express ER-β but not ER-α, suggesting that estrogens act directly on these epithelial cells via ER-β. Using RT-PCR analysis, the transcripts of ER-β were detected in our primary human prostatic epithelial cell cultures that were derived from the ultrasound-guided peripheral zone biopsies and the cells express two estrogen-regulated genes such as progesterone receptor (PR) and pS2. Moreover, we had developed an ER-β antibody with fully characterizations and used it for immunohistochemistry. Results indicated that ER-p protein is expressed in the basal compartment of prostatic epithelium of the gland. Our findings lead to a new hypothesis that estrogens directly act on human prostatic epithelial cells to modulate its biological functions. To investigate expression of ERs in prostate cancer, RT-PCR analysis was used. We found that all three human prostate metastatic cancer cell lines, DU145, PC-3 and LNCaP, express ER-β transcripts while ER-α mRNA expression only in PC-3 cells. Expressions of PR and pS2 in these cell lines are various. LNCaP cells express both PR and pS2 mRNAs but DU145 cells with only PR and PC-3 cells with only pS2. Our immunohistochemical results on prostatic lesions revealed down-regulation of ER-β expression in high-grade of dysplasia and carcinoma of peripheral zone of the prostate compared to their low-grade lesions. This down-regulation in high-grade carcinoma was verified in transcriptional level by RT-PCR analysis on micro dissected normal epithelium and lesion samples of the gland. In the metastasis, ER-β was found to be reactivated as we observed ER-β mRNA expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Recent evidence suggests that ER-β may be antiproliferative factor for a protective effect against the mitogenic activity of estrogens in breast and androgens in prostate. Activation of the receptor may exhibit cell growth inhibition. We demonstrated that antiestrogens [ICI-182,780 (ICI) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen], raloxifene and phytoestrogen (resveratrol), but not estrogens (17β-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol), inhibit growth of DU145 cells which express only ER-β while PC-3 cells with both ERs showed growth inhibition in response to estrogen and antiestrogen treatments. In DU145 cells, the ICI-induced cell growth inhibition was prevented by blockade of ER-β expression using antisense oligonucleotide. It indicated that the inhibition is mediated via ER-p associated pathway. Using flow cytometry, we found that ICI-treatment could induce accumulation of cells at GO-G1 phase of cell cycle. Similarly, this GO-G1 cell accumulation was also induced by raloxifene in DU145 cells. For resveratrol, the treatment exhibited dual effects on cell cycle distribution in DU145 cells. In the early treatment, resveratrol induced cell cycle arrests at GO-G1phase. The prolonged treatment leads to S-phase cell cycle arrest. To study the molecular mechanism of this ER-p associated cell growth inhibition, real-time RT-PCR analysis was used to semi-quantitate the transcript levels of tentative ER-β regulated genes such as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), survivin and thymidylate synthase (TS) in the treated cells compared to those in control. Results demonstrated that the treatment of ICI could down-regulate TERT and survivin mRNA expressions with dose-dependent fashion. As the ICI-treatment, resveratrol downregulated expression levels of TERT, survivin and TS in DU145 cells. Down-regulation of TS may be related to the S-phase cell cycle arrest observed in the prolonged treatment of resveratrol. Taken together, our findings support the concept that ER-β participates in cell cycle regulation in normal and malignant prostatic epithelial cells. Presence of ER-β in basal cells of the prostate acini indicates that the direct actions of estrogens may be involved in the normal physiology of the gland. Loss of this receptor in primary prostate cancer and its re-expression in metastasis suggests the roles of ER-β in the cancer progression. Activation of the receptor by antiestrogen and phytoestrogen induced cell growth inhibition in prostate cancer cells. The mechanism may be mediated by reduction of cell survival factors and eventually decrease in cell viability and induction of cell cycle arrests.
613

Chondrocyte Adhesion to RGD-bonded Alginate: Effect on Mechanotransduction and Matrix Metabolism: a Dissertation

Genes, Nicholas G. 11 August 2003 (has links)
The mechanism of mechanotransduction in chondrocyte matrix metabolism is not well understood, in part because of the density of cartilage and in part because of limitations in in vitroculture systems. Using alginate covalently modified to include the integrin adhesion ligand R-G-D (arginine-glycine-aspartate) represents a unique approach to studying mechanotransduction in that it allows for exploration of the role of integrin adhesion in mediating changes to chondrocyte behavior. The hypothesis of this research was that chondrocytes will form a cytoskeletal adhesion to RGD-alginate mediated integrins, that this attachment will enable chondrocyte sensation of mechanical signals, and this signaling will alter chondrocyte matrix metabolism. The first aim of this research was to characterize chondrocyte attachment to RGD-alginate, and assess the role of substrate mechanics on chondrocyte attachment kinetics and morphology. Secondly, the effect of chondrocyte attachment to RGD-alginate in 3D culture on matrix biosynthesis was assessed, as were changes in substrate mechanics. Finally, this research aimed to determine the metabolic response of chondrocytes to changes in intrinsic and extrinsic mechanics. It was found that the RGD ligand functionalized the alginate scaffold, enabling chondrocytes to sense the mechanical environment. Attachment kinetics, morphology, and proteoglycan metabolism were found to adapt to hydrogel matrix stiffness when an integrin adhesion was present. Externally applied compression was transmitted through this integrin attachment, causing changes in proteoglycan synthesis. Components of media serum were found to modulate the effects of integrin mechanotransduction. These results were obtained by analyzing a novel approach with established techniques, such as the DMB dye assay for sulfated GAG content. The conclusions conform to diverse data from cartilage explant loading and monolayer culture studies, yet were accomplished using one versatile system in a straightforward manner. The potential of this system extends further, into identification of intracellular signaling pathways and extracellular modulation of matrix components. Seeded RGD-alginate is well suited for studying consequences of integrin attachment.
614

Estudo comparativo, atraves de microscopia eletronica de varredura, da acao de diferentes substancias quimicas e do laser de Er:YAG, na remocao de smear layer, em superficies radiculares submetidas a raspagem e aplainamento

THEODORO, LETICIA H. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07160.pdf: 4424646 bytes, checksum: 4938889fd9a885e62dfeaafc99b1274d (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
615

Estrutura e composicao do esmalte e da dentina tratados termicamente ou irradiados com lasers emissores no infravermelho

BACHMANN, LUCIANO 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09822.pdf: 14682529 bytes, checksum: b78ed1c4a8226797ef2bda81a2471100 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tese(Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:00/01102-1
616

Avaliacao, atraves de microscopia eletronica de varredura, do padrao de interacao dentina-resina em cavidades preparadas com laser de Er:YAG

SCHEIN, MARCELO T. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:46:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07438.pdf: 5655413 bytes, checksum: f397d4eeed4467ace8cd509f912632a0 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
617

Acao do diodo laser emitindo em 830 nm, sobre o processo de cicatrizacao de lesoes cutaneas: estudo biometrico e histologico em ratos

REZENDE, SANDRA B. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:45:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07609.pdf: 2103835 bytes, checksum: daf8a4e12257ed226478079afb3ed0d5 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
618

Os recursos vegetais e a etnobotânica em quintais urbanos de Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brasil

David, Margô de 13 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-11T22:33:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Margô de David.pdf: 6604604 bytes, checksum: 3d721477f0884d676ca6743da25415fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T16:04:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Margô de David.pdf: 6604604 bytes, checksum: 3d721477f0884d676ca6743da25415fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T16:04:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Margô de David.pdf: 6604604 bytes, checksum: 3d721477f0884d676ca6743da25415fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-13 / FAPEMAT / O uso dos recursos naturais é essencial no cotidiano de diferentes comunidades. Neste sentido, as pesquisas etnobotânicas proporcionam inúmeras contribuições para a compreensão da relação entre essas comunidades e as plantas. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo catalogar, sistematizar e analisar de forma integrada o conhecimento que os moradores de quatro bairros de Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brasil, possuem a respeito da flora nas unidades de paisagens, bem como da utilização, do manejo e da conservação dos recursos vegetais nos quintais. A área de estudo foi escolhida através de um sorteio dos questionários aplicados aos alunos da Escola Estadual Professor Jercy Jacob, que residem em diferentes bairros. Foram sorteados quatro bairros: Água Vermelha, Bonsucesso, Cristo Rei e Santa Isabel e cinco quadras em cada um, totalizando 20 quadras. Dentro de cada quadra foram sorteadas quatro residências, totalizando 80 residências para aplicação das entrevistas. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas foram: pré-teste, observação direta, entrevista semiestruturada, história de vida e turnê guiada. As coletas etnobotânicas consistiram-se através de visitas nas residências dos moradores, no período de maio de 2013 a abril de 2014, com um total de 127 informantes. No levantamento os informantes citaram 249 espécies vegetais distribuídas em 84 famílias botânicas. As espécies catalogadas foram distribuídas em etnocategorias de uso Alimentar (34%), Medicinal (64%), Ornamental (24%) e Outros usos (29%). Assim identificou-se os principais usos das espécies relatadas pelos informantes, com destaque para a categoria Medicinal. As famílias com maior representatividade foram Asteraceae (16 espécies), Lamiaceae (15 espécies), Fabaceae (14 espécies), Solanaceae (11 espécies), Araceae (nove espécies), Cucurbitaceae (oito espécies) e Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae (cada qual com sete espécies). Estas espécies estavam presentes principalmente nos quintais, mas também em outras unidades de paisagens do cerrado, mata de galeria e roça. Dentre as plantas que se destacaram quanto a Frequência Relativa de Concordância Quanto aos Usos Principais estão: Mangifera indica L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, Saccharum officinarum L., Punica granatum L., Alloe vera (L.) Burm f., Allium fistulosum L. O conhecimento que essa população possui sobre as plantas presentes nos quintais é transmitido preferencialmente por meio do convívio familiar. Quanto ao manejo dos quintais são utilizados, principalmente, insumos agrícolas naturais e as regas são feitas ao amanhecer ou no final da tarde, sendo esta manutenção realizada sobretudo pelas mulheres. Deste modo, o cultivo de diferentes espécies, o manejo, a finalidade e a forma de uso contribuem para a conservação das plantas nesses ambientes. / The use of natural resources is essential in the daily life of different communities. In this sense, the ethnobotanical studies provide numerous contributions to the understanding of the relationship between these communities and plants. Therefore, this study aimed to catalog, organize and analyze in an integrated way the knowledge that the residents of four neighborhoods of Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brazil, have about the flora in the landscape units, as well as the use, management and conservation of plant resources in the yards. The study area was chosen through a random selection of questionnaires given to students of the Escola Estadual Professor Jercy Jacob, living in different neighborhoods. Were drawn four neighborhoods: Água Vermelha, Bonsucesso, Cristo Rei and Santa Isabel and five blocks in each, totaling 20 blocks. Within each block were randomly selected four homes, totaling 80 homes for application of interviews. The research techniques used were pre-test, direct observation, semi-structured interviews, life history and guided tour. The ethnobotanical collections consisted up informally, through visits in the homes of neighborhoods, from May 2013 to April 2014, with 127 informants. In the survey, informants cited 249 plant species in 84 plant families. The cataloged species were distributed in Food ethnocategories of use (34%), Medical (64%), Ornamental (24%) and Other uses (29%). Therefore, we identified the main uses of the species reported by informants, especially the Medical category. Families with greater representation were Asteraceae (16 species), Lamiaceae (15 species), Fabaceae (14 species), Solanaceae (11 species), Araceae (nine species), Cucurbitaceae (eight species) and Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae (each seven species). They are found mainly in homegardens, but also in other cerrado landscape units, gallery forest and fields. Among the plants that stood out as the Relative Frequency of Agreement Regarding the Main, uses are Mangifera indica L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Plectranthus barbatus Andrews, Saccharum officinarum L., Punica granatum L., Alloe vera (L.) Burm f., Allium fistulosum L. The knowledge that this population has on the plants present in homegardens is transmitted preferably through the family life. For the management are used mainly natural agricultural inputs and irrigation are made at dawn or in the late afternoon, which is maintenance performed mainly by women. Thus, the cultivation of different kinds, the purpose and manner of use contribute to the preservation of plants in these environments.
619

Zoneamento ambiental do Munic?pio de Aquiraz - Cear?

Lopes, Jos? Lidemberg de Sousa 16 November 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseLSP.pdf: 3197882 bytes, checksum: d587f2da4f1dd5b79f5f7d95894f7a36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-16 / The Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (RMF) is composed by thirteen cities, where is call the attention of Aquiraz. The city has a excellent resort area and a big importance in socioculture and historics aspects. It was one of the first village of Cear?, and it was founded in 1699, with was also the capital of the state until 1726. The urban local development has been disorganized in the last decades, the fact is, insert of turismon in its coast, and it is unable with alow capacity of the natural suppots, configuring unsustainable and et environment ambience. Considering as a turistic region, it is preoccupy, been necessart to create a better control of the nature of the region by the users. The environmental zoning in this work it is to plan of adequate form the use of the ground based in the management of the interests and the social and economic necessities in accord with the preservation of the environment and the natural characteristics of the city. The same is one great instrument planning where use to be analized in differents ways: social, ambiental, economical and institucional, and promove alternatives of use and occupation of the land to recreate the city. The methodo used to get the real objective, englobed zonal maps in ambiental unities and others themes (geologic/geomorphologic) since than the images from satelities LANDSAT and SPOT and fotografies under position of maps, secundaries listes gets in publics department, bibliographie, informations by the local populations. This prociduries mede easy to create maps, geologic/geomorphologic, of use and occupation the earth and the environmental zoning to analize the dynamic and the working of each ambiental unity of the city Aquiraz wich is located by map of this job. As a result of this job was confectionated the environmental zoning map of Aquiraz wich was divided in five ambiental unities and restrictions areas of occupation: unit I Littoral Plain (zoning with serious restrictions to the occupation); unit II Sub-Littoral Plain (improper zoning to the occupation); unit III between tray zoning Pr?-Littoral and Peripheral Depression (improper zoning to the occupation); unit IV Strativism reserve of the plug (zoning used more under control in its occupation) and unit V Fluvial Plain Localities of the Indians Jenipapo-Kaninde/ locality Quilombolas (zoning used more without official regulation). With proposal in the ambient units above one expects that it has a reduction of the ambient degradation and protection of the local biodiversity of the city of Aquiraz in the State of the Cear? / A Regi?o Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF) ? composta por treze munic?pios, destacando-se entre eles Aquiraz. O munic?pio possui uma excelente est?ncia balne?ria e grande import?ncia devido a seus aspectos socioculturais e hist?ricos. Foi uma das primeiras vilas e primeira capital do Cear?, sendo fundada em 1699 e sede administrativa da capitania do Siar?-Grande at? o ano de 1726. O crescimento urbano local, que vem ocorrendo de forma desordenada nas ?ltimas d?cadas, em fun??o, da inser??o da ind?stria do turismo ao longo do litoral cearense, ? incompat?vel com a baixa capacidade de suporte do meio natural, configurando-se insustent?vel e degradante do meio ambiente. Considerando tratar-se de uma regi?o tur?stica, este dado ? preocupante, sendo necess?ria ? ado??o de um melhor controle quanto ao uso dos recursos naturais da regi?o. O zoneamento ambiental neste trabalho ? planejar de forma adequada o uso do solo baseado na ger?ncia dos interesses e das necessidades sociais e econ?micas em conson?ncia com a preserva??o do meio ambiente e as caracter?sticas naturais do munic?pio. O mesmo ? um instrumento amplo de planejamento onde s?o analisados diversos atributos sociais, ambientais, econ?micos e institucionais, para promover alternativas de uso e ocupa??o do solo para a reestrutura??o do munic?pio. O m?todo de pesquisa utilizado para atingir o objetivo pretendido englobou o mapeamento de unidades ambientais e outros temas ( geol?gico/geomorfol?gico e uso e ocupa??o das terras) a partir de imagens de sat?lites LANDSAT e SPOT e fotografias a?reas e a sobreposi??o de mapas, al?m de dados secund?rios, obtidos em ?rg?os p?blicos, bibliografia e dados prim?rios, obtidos junto ? popula??o local. Tais procedimentos facilitaram na confec??o de mapas de localiza??o, geol?gico/geomorfol?gico, de uso e ocupa??o do solo e o de zoneamento ambiental para analisar a din?mica e o funcionamento de cada unidade ambiental do munic?pio de Aquiraz que se encontra no mapa s?ntese deste trabalho. Como resultado deste trabalho foi confeccionado o mapa de zoneamento ambiental de Aquiraz, o qual foi dividido em cinco unidades ambientais e suas restri??es de uso e ocupa??o a seguir: Unidade I - Plan?cie Litor?nea (Zonas com s?rias restri??es ? ocupa??o); Unidade II - Plan?cie Sublitor?nea (Zona Impr?pria ? ocupa??o); Unidade III - entre Tabuleiro Pr?-Litor?neo e Depress?o Perif?rica (Zona Impr?pria ? ocupa??o); Unidade IV - Reserva Extrativista do Batoque (Zona utilizada mais sob controle em sua ocupa??o) e Unidade V Plan?cie Fluvial - Localidades dos ?ndios Jenipapo-Kanind?/Localidade Quilombolas (Zonas utilizadas mais sem regulamenta??o oficial). Com proposi??o nas unidades ambientais acima se espera que haja uma redu??o da degrada??o ambiental e prote??o da biodiversidade local do munic?pio de Aquiraz no Estado do Cear?
620

Águas pluviais para usos não potáveis em escolas municipais: estudo de caso na região da baixada de Jacarepaguá, RJ. / Rainwater for non potable uses in municipal schools: study of case in the region of Baixada de Jacarepaguá- RJ.

Carla Ribeiro da Silva Peixe 12 March 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A captação de águas pluviais não constitui nova estratégia ou tecnologia. No entanto, recentemente tem sido proposta em regiões bem desenvolvidas ou em desenvolvimento (peri-urbanas) em resposta a grandes períodos de estiagens, aumento da demanda por água, maior conscientização pública das enchentes urbanas e sua gênese e, aumento do interesse em práticas de construções sustentáveis, que integram também o uso racional da água. As escolas constituem uma importante fundação da nação, e tem influência no desenvolvimento da sociedade e da sensibilização/ conscientização sobre as questões ambientais. Muitos dos usos da água nas escolas envolvem usos menos nobres da água. Neste contexto, nessa dissertação de mestrado além da análise de marcos legais nesse assunto, foi realizada pesquisa de opinião (entrevista e questionário) junto a atores que interferem no processo decisório da utilização das águas pluviais nas escolas para fins não potáveis. Foram observadas as condições físicas-construtivas das escolas do município do Rio de Janeiro, sobretudo na região da 7a. CRE, que abrange a região da Baixada de Jacarepaguá, área de expansão da cidade. Foi implementada uma unidade para coleta e caracterização da qualidade das águas pluviais, além da caracterização e estudo dos volumes de primeiro descarte (first flush). Os parâmetros de qualidade da água pH, T, OD, ORP, Tu, STD, Condutividade e Salinidade, foram observados com auxílio de sonda multiparâmetros e, através de análise laboratorial de acordo com o Standard Methods, os coliformes termotolerantes. No estudo de percepção foi verificada uma grande aceitação do aproveitamento de águas pluviais para fins não potáveis, embora diretores de escola tenham apresentado informações/percepção divergentes sobre consumo e contas de água das escolas, de sua coordenadoria. Na análise dos parâmetros de qualidade da água versus registros pluviométricos foi observada variabilidade nos eventos pluviométricos observados que limitaram a correlação entre os mesmos, e acabou limitando as conclusões dos estudos de volumes para primeira lavagem e descarte (first flush). Os resultados da pesquisa permitem recomendar a implementação de políticas públicas para aproveitamento de águas pluviais para fins não potáveis nas escolas, mas, com o devido apoio tecnológico. Recomenda-se o aperfeiçoamento e automatização do sistema de coleta de águas pluviais para os estudos de first-flush e otimização dos volumes de descarte. / Rainwater harvesting does not constitute a new strategy or technology. However, recently it has been proposed in well-developed regions or in development (peri-urban) in response to long periods of dryness, increased demand for water, greater public awareness of urban flooding and its genesis, and increased interest in sustainable construction practices, incorporating also the rational use of water. Schools are an important foundation of the nation and has influence in the development of society and awareness about environmental issues. Many of the uses of water in schools involve less noble uses of water. In this context, this dissertation in addition to the analysis of legal frameworks in this matter was held survey (interview and questionnaire) with actors who interfere in the decision-making process of the use of rainwater for non potable purposes in schools. Schools physical- constructive conditions were observed of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, especially in the region of the 7th CRE, which covers the region of Baixada de Jacarepaguá, area in expansion of the city. It was implemented a unit for collection and characterization of rainwater quality, plus the characterisation and study of volumes of first flush. The water quality parameters pH, T, DO, ORP, Tu, TDS, Conductivity and Salinity, were observed with the aid of multi-parameter probe and, through laboratory testing in accordance with the Standard Methods, the fecal coliforms. In the study of perception was verified a wide acceptance of the use of rainwater for drinking purposes, although school directors have submitted divergent perception/information about consumption and water bills of the schools in its coordination. In the analysis of water quality parameters versus rainfall records was observed a certain variability in the rainfall events observed that limited the correlation between them, and ended up limiting the conclusions of the studies of volumes for the first washing and disposal (first flush). The search results allowed to recommend the implementation of public policies for rainwater utilization for potable purposes in schools, but with a technological support. It is recommended the improvement and automation of the rainwater collection system for studies of first-flush and optimization of disposition volumes.

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