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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Efeitos da radiação ionizante nas propriedades nutricionais  das uvas de mesa Benitaka e uvas passas escuras / Effects of ionizing radiation on the nutritional properties of table grapes Benitaka and dark raisins

Santillo, Amanda Galassi 23 March 2011 (has links)
O Brasil é um grande produtor de frutas, mas com seu clima tropical (elevada umidade e temperatura) acaba proporcionando condições desfavoráveis à conservação de alimentos e principalmente das frutas. A radiação ionizante tem potencial para resolver problemas que afetam o suprimento de alimento em muitos países. Utilizando a dose certa, esta tecnologia tem a capacidade de estender o tempo de prateleira, segurança fitossanitária e controlar a maturação em frutas frescas. Existem no mundo variedades de uva onde a maioria delas pertence à espécie Vitis vinifera. Desta fruta é possível a obtenção de passas como forma de manter as características do produto natural e dificultar a proliferação de microrganismos que possam promover sua deterioração. As maiores fontes de compostos fenólicos são encontradas nas uvas quando comparado a outras frutas e vegetais e, um destes compostos é o resveratrol que se destaca no tratamento de diversas enfermidades, tais como: cardiovasculares, cancerígenas e doenças neurológicas. As amostras de uva foram irradiadas no Multipropósito de 60Co, instalado no Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações (CTR-IPENCNEN/ SP) nas doses de: controle; 0,5; 1; 1,5 e 2 kGy para as analises de cor, textura, sensorial, microbiológico e vida de prateleira. Para as análises de fenólicos totais e resveratrol utilizou-se as doses: controle; 1,5 e 3 kGy. Não ocorreu crescimento bacteriano em nenhuma das amostras. As doses de: 0,5 e 1,5 kGy da variedade de uva Benitaka tiveram boa aceitação no teste sensorial e vida de prateleira, sendo que, as uvas passas não apresentaram variações nestas analises. Foi verificado a presença de resveratrol em todas as amostras tratadas com a radiação ionizante. / Brazil is a major producer of fruits, but its tropical climate with high humidity and temperature, eventually creates unfavorable conditions for the preservation of food and especially the fruit. Ionizing radiation has the potential to solve problems affecting the food supply in many countries. Using the right dose, this technology can be used to extend shelf life and safety of many fresh fruits in addition to controlling their rates of maturation. There are thousands of grape varieties around the wolrd, most of them belonging Vitis vinifera. This fruit can be dried to obtain raisins in order to maintain the natural characteristics of the product and hinder the growth of microorganisms that can promote the deterioration of fresh fruit. One of the major sources of phenolic compounds are found in grapes, compared to other fruits and vegetables. One of the phenolic compounds represented by resveratrol is that stands out when it comes to fighting various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurological diseases. The irradiations were performed in 60Co irradiator Multipurpose Center installed on Radiation Technology (CTR-IPEN-CNEN/SP) with different doses: control, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kGy for the analysis of color, texture, sensory and microbiological shelf life. For analysis of phenolic compounds and resveratrol were radiated only at doses: control, 1.5 and 3 kGy. With the results it was found that doses of 0.5, 1.5 kGy grape variety Benitaka have been accepted well both in sensory and shelf life tests. Samples of raisins had no variation in this analysis. No microbial growth was found and after treatment with radiation it was possible to prove the presence of resveratrol in all samples.
52

Efeitos da radiação ionizante nas propriedades nutricionais  das uvas de mesa Benitaka e uvas passas escuras / Effects of ionizing radiation on the nutritional properties of table grapes Benitaka and dark raisins

Amanda Galassi Santillo 23 March 2011 (has links)
O Brasil é um grande produtor de frutas, mas com seu clima tropical (elevada umidade e temperatura) acaba proporcionando condições desfavoráveis à conservação de alimentos e principalmente das frutas. A radiação ionizante tem potencial para resolver problemas que afetam o suprimento de alimento em muitos países. Utilizando a dose certa, esta tecnologia tem a capacidade de estender o tempo de prateleira, segurança fitossanitária e controlar a maturação em frutas frescas. Existem no mundo variedades de uva onde a maioria delas pertence à espécie Vitis vinifera. Desta fruta é possível a obtenção de passas como forma de manter as características do produto natural e dificultar a proliferação de microrganismos que possam promover sua deterioração. As maiores fontes de compostos fenólicos são encontradas nas uvas quando comparado a outras frutas e vegetais e, um destes compostos é o resveratrol que se destaca no tratamento de diversas enfermidades, tais como: cardiovasculares, cancerígenas e doenças neurológicas. As amostras de uva foram irradiadas no Multipropósito de 60Co, instalado no Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações (CTR-IPENCNEN/ SP) nas doses de: controle; 0,5; 1; 1,5 e 2 kGy para as analises de cor, textura, sensorial, microbiológico e vida de prateleira. Para as análises de fenólicos totais e resveratrol utilizou-se as doses: controle; 1,5 e 3 kGy. Não ocorreu crescimento bacteriano em nenhuma das amostras. As doses de: 0,5 e 1,5 kGy da variedade de uva Benitaka tiveram boa aceitação no teste sensorial e vida de prateleira, sendo que, as uvas passas não apresentaram variações nestas analises. Foi verificado a presença de resveratrol em todas as amostras tratadas com a radiação ionizante. / Brazil is a major producer of fruits, but its tropical climate with high humidity and temperature, eventually creates unfavorable conditions for the preservation of food and especially the fruit. Ionizing radiation has the potential to solve problems affecting the food supply in many countries. Using the right dose, this technology can be used to extend shelf life and safety of many fresh fruits in addition to controlling their rates of maturation. There are thousands of grape varieties around the wolrd, most of them belonging Vitis vinifera. This fruit can be dried to obtain raisins in order to maintain the natural characteristics of the product and hinder the growth of microorganisms that can promote the deterioration of fresh fruit. One of the major sources of phenolic compounds are found in grapes, compared to other fruits and vegetables. One of the phenolic compounds represented by resveratrol is that stands out when it comes to fighting various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurological diseases. The irradiations were performed in 60Co irradiator Multipurpose Center installed on Radiation Technology (CTR-IPEN-CNEN/SP) with different doses: control, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kGy for the analysis of color, texture, sensory and microbiological shelf life. For analysis of phenolic compounds and resveratrol were radiated only at doses: control, 1.5 and 3 kGy. With the results it was found that doses of 0.5, 1.5 kGy grape variety Benitaka have been accepted well both in sensory and shelf life tests. Samples of raisins had no variation in this analysis. No microbial growth was found and after treatment with radiation it was possible to prove the presence of resveratrol in all samples.
53

Efecto de la aplicación de purpurina 15E y protección sobre la mancha anular marrón producida por Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande en uva de mesa cv. Thompson sin semillas, durante cierre de racimos / Effect of application of purespray 15E and protek on the brown ring spot produced by Frankliniella occidentalis pergande. ontable grapes cv. Thompson seedless, during clusters closing

Bello Martínez, Felipe Andrés January 2015 (has links)
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo / Durante la temporada 2013-2014 se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de aceite mineral (Purespray 15E) y aceite vegetal (Protek) sobre la incidencia de la mancha anular marrón producida por el Trips de California, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, en uva de mesa variedad Thompson seedless durante el periodo de cierre de racimo. Se realizó un ensayo en un huerto comercial ubicado en la comuna de Buin, Región Metropolitana, en el que se evaluó tratamientos de aceites mineral y vegetal con diferentes concentraciones y número de inmersiones. Para el ensayo se seleccionaron racimos sanos y homogéneos de 150 bayas aproximadamente, los que se sumergieron en cada tratamiento durante 5 segundos. Posteriormente se infestaron con 50 adultos de Trips de California y fueron encerrados en bolsas de tul; transcurrida una semana se realizó una segunda inmersión en los tratamientos que correspondía y se repitió la infestación en las unidades experimentales. Los racimos se encerraron nuevamente en bolsas de tul hasta la evaluación. La evaluación se realizó en periodo de cosecha, considerando el porcentaje de bayas que presentaban daño por Trips de California, caracterizado como mancha anular marrón. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorizados con 10 tratamientos y 8 repeticiones, siendo la unidad experimental un racimo. Se consideró cada planta como un bloque independiente. Los resultados se normalizaron mediante la transformación angular de Bliss. Posteriormente se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y prueba de comparaciones múltiples DGC. Los tratamientos de Aceite Mineral (Purespray 15E) al 0.5% y al 0.75% reducen efectivamente el daño causado por F. occidentalis durante el periodo de cierre de racimo. Los tratamientos con Aceite Vegetal (Protek) al 0.5% y al 0,75% reducen parcialmente el daño causado por F. occidentalis durante el periodo de cierre de racimo. / During the 2013-2014 season, the effect of the application of mineral oil (Purespray 15E) and vegetable oil (Protek) on the incidence of brown ringspot caused by the Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) on table grape was studied, focusing on the Thompson seedless variety during cluster closing time. Trials were conducted in a commercial orchard located in the commune of Buin, Metropolitan Region, treatments mineral and vegetable oils with different concentrations and number of dives were evaluated. For the test, healthy and homogeneous clusters of approximately 150 berries were selected, and immersed in each treatment for 5 seconds. Then, they were infested with 50 adults of Western Flower Thrips and locked in tulle bags; after a week, a second application was performed of the corresponding treatments and the infestation was repeated in all experimental units. The clusters were again locked in tulle bags until evaluation. The evaluation was conducted in harvest period, considering the percentage of berries that showed damage from Western Flower Thrips, characterized as brown ringspot. Design of completely randomized blocks of 10 treatments and 8 repetitions were used. The experimental unit being a cluster. Each plant is considered as a separate block. The results were normalized by Bliss' angular transformation. Subsequently, they were subjected to a variance analysis and DGC multiple comparisons tests. Treatments with Mineral Oil (Pure Spray 15E) at 0.5% and 0.75% effectively reduce the damage caused by F. occidentalis during cluster closing time. Vegetable oil treatments (Protek) at 0.5% and 0.75% only partially reduced the damage caused by F. occidentalis during the cluster closing.
54

Estudo comparativo do perfil metabolômico e proteômico de uvas (Vitis vinifera) durante o processo de maturação utilizando ferramentas bioanalíticas / Comparative study of metabolomic and proteomic profiles of grapes (Vitis vinifera) during ripening using bioanalytical tools

Fraige, Karina 13 July 2012 (has links)
A análise da composição química das uvas é de grande importância para avaliar a data da colheita e a produção de vinhos de qualidade. O estudo do metabolismo das uvas é essencial para definirem-se em quais etapas os metabólitos são produzidos, assim como as proteínas e genes que regulam esses processos. Açúcares, polifenóis e ácidos orgânicos são importantes classes de metabólitos relacionados com o desenvolvimento de uvas. Os açúcares são os compostos que primeiramente indicam a data de colheita, sendo substâncias-chave em diversos processos biológicos. Os polifenóis tem se destacado por sua atividade antioxidante, além de participarem dos mecanismos de defesa da planta. Os ácidos orgânicos são responsáveis pela qualidade organoléptica e estão envolvidos em vários processos metabólicos. As proteínas não contribuem de forma significativa para o valor nutricional, mas são importantes marcadores de variedade para verificar adulterações de vinhos. O Rio Grande do Sul é responsável por grande parte das uvas produzidas no país, e recentemente o Vale do São Francisco tem se destacado na produção destas frutas. Em regiões do Sudeste um manejo de podas diferenciado vem sendo feito para a obtenção de uvas com bons índices de maturação e resistência a doenças fúngicas. Uvas produzidas em Água Vermelha e Louveira, interior de São Paulo, foram estudadas durante a maturação com relação a análises físico-químicas, perfil proteômico, por eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massas, e perfil metabolômico de antocianinas, polifenóis não-antociânicos, ácidos orgânicos e açúcares por técnicas cromatográficas e eletroforéticas acopladas a detectores por arranjo de diodos e/ou espectrometria de massas. Os resultados foram analisados por ferramentas de análise multivariada e comparados com uvas maduras das regiões Sul e Nordeste. Foram observadas tendências de agrupamento das uvas verdes devido à maior acidez e das uvas maduras devido à maior concentração de antocianinas e açúcares, sendo que o perfil de antocianinas pode ser utilizado como marcador de origem varietal. Em termos do perfil proteômico foi possível estabelecer diferenças entre variedades de uvas, além de uma tendência com relação à origem geográfica. Foram identificadas 74 proteínas relacionadas principalmente, às funções de defesa e resposta a stress, metabolismo de carboidratos e metabolismo energético. / Analysis of the chemical composition of grapes is very important to evaluate harvest time and production of high quality wines. The study of grape metabolism is essential to define in which stages metabolites are produced, as well as proteins and genes that regulate these processes. Sugars, polyphenols and organic acids are important classes of metabolites related with grape development. Sugars are compounds that primarily indicate harvest time, and they are key substances in various biological processes. Polyphenols have been noted for its antioxidant activity, also for taking part in mechanisms of plant defense. Organic acids are responsible for organoleptic quality, and they are evolved in diverse metabolic processes. Proteins do not contribute significantly to the nutritional value, but they are important variety markers to verify adulterations of wines. Rio Grande do Sul is responsible for most of the grapes produced in Brazil, and recently Vale do São Francisco has received attention because of the production of these fruits. In some regions of Southeast a different pruning handle has started to obtain grapes with good levels of ripeness and resistance in developing fungal diseases. Grapes cultured in Água Vermelha and Louveira, São Paulo State, were studied during ripening in relation to physical-chemical analysis, proteomic profile, by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the metabolomic profile of anthocyanins, non-anthocyanin polyphenols, organic acids and sugars by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques coupled to diode array and/or mass spectrometry detectors. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis and compared with those of mature grapes from South and Northeast regions. The data show clustering of green grapes due to higher acidity and clusters of mature grapes due to higher anthocyanin and sugars concentrations, and the profile of anthocyanins can be used as a varietal marker. Considering the proteomic profile, it was possible to group different varieties of grapes with a trend in relation to geographical origin being also observed. It was identified 74 proteins related, mainly, to defense and stress response, carbohydrate metabolism and energetic metabolism.
55

Planeamiento estratégico de la uva de mesa

Cárdenas Palomino, Raúl, Mallqui Alcócer, Marcos, Rossell Teves, Fabiola, Terrazas Acurio, Victor 01 June 2017 (has links)
xx, 164 p. : il. ; 30 cm / El presente trabajo aplicado al sector productor de uva de mesa en el Perú evalúa y plantea estrategias para conseguir el incremento de producción y poder llegar a ser el mayor productor de uva de mesa de Sudamérica. Se inicia el estudio con un análisis de la situación actual del sector en el Perú, seguido por la definición de la visión y la misión. Posteriormente se realiza la evaluación externa e interna para luego desarrollar el proceso estratégico utilizando las distintas matrices con el propósito de determinar las estrategias apropiadas que permitan alcanzar los objetivos planteados. Finalmente se detallan las conclusiones y recomendaciones donde se resalta la habilitación y aprovechamiento eficiente de los recursos existentes, la implementación de tecnología que permitan conseguir productos competitivos y de alta calidad para así conseguir el crecimiento sostenible del mercado interno y externo / This paper applied to the table grape sector in Peru evaluates and present strategies for accomplish to grow up the production and become the largest producer of table grapes from South America. It begins with an analysis of the present situation of that sector in Peru, folowed by definition of the vision and mission. Later it begins the external and internal evaluation and then the strategic process is developed using different matrices in order to determine appropriate strategies to achieve the objectives. Finally the conclusions and recommendations are detailed which highlights the habilitation efficient use of existing resources, the technology implementation that will achieve competitive and high quality products in order to obtain the sustainable growth of the internal and external market / Tesis
56

TLC Perú-China: un análisis de los factores no arancelarios que afectaron las exportaciones de uvas frescas a China durante los años 2009 y 2016

Carpio Gomez, Martha Olga, Sandoval Zegarra, Fernando Daniel 01 December 2017 (has links)
A partir de la década de los 90, el Perú adoptó un modelo económico neoliberal y entró en una etapa de apertura comercial, logrando un aumento significativo de sus exportaciones. En los últimos 20 años, nuestro país ha firmado más de 20 tratados de libre comercio con diversas economías, entre las cuales destacan Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y la República Popular China, siendo esta última hoy el principal destino de nuestras exportaciones. Considerando solo al sector no tradicional, las cifras indican que las exportaciones peruanas muestran una tendencia positiva, habiéndose duplicado en el 2016 el valor exportado del 2006. El sector que mostró un mayor crecimiento fue el sector agropecuario, el cual ha mantenido una tendencia de crecimiento positiva desde el año 2000 y ha duplicado en el 2016 el valor exportado del 2010. De los 10 principales mercados que reciben nuestras exportaciones en este sector, curiosamente la República Popular China, el principal destino de nuestras exportaciones totales, es el que muestra un mayor decrecimiento (35%) desde el 2014 al 2016. El valor exportado de este sector viene afrotando esta caída debido a que su producto más representativo, las uvas frescas (partida arancelaria 080610) viene mostrando el mismo patrón desde el 2014 a pesar de haber alcanzado un arancel de 0% en 2015 luego de una desgravación inciada en el 2010 gracias al TLC con la República Popular China. En la presente investigación abordaremos el dinamismo que viene afrontando las exportaciones de uvas frescas a la República Popular China desde el 2009 al 2016, el cual, al decrecer su valor y cantidad exportada luego de alcanzar un arancel de 0%, contradice la teoría de liberalización del comercio. Para este fin, se analizarán diferentes fuerzas externas no anticipadas que han podido causar este fenómeno. / At the beginning of the 90s, Peru adopted a neoliberal economic model and entered a stage of commercial opening, achieving a large increase of its exports. In the last 20 years, our country has signed more than 20 free trade agreements with various economies, including the United States, the European Union and China, the latter being the main destination for our exports. Considering only the non-traditional sector, the statistics indicate that Peruvian exports show a positive trend, having doubled in 2016 the value exported in 2006. The sector that showed the highest growth was the agricultural sector, which has maintained a positive growth trend since 2000 and has already doubled in 2016 the export value of 2010. Of the 10 main markets that receive our exports in this sector , curiously China, the main destination of our total exports, is the one that shows a greater decrease (35%) from 2014 to 2016. The exported value of this sector is facing this fall because its most representative product, fresh grapes (tariff number 080610) has been showing the same pattern since 2014, despite having reached a tariff of 0% in 2015 after a tariff reduction initiated in 2010 thanks to the FTA with China. In the present investigation we will approach the dynamism that has been facing the exports of fresh grapes to China from 2009 to 2016, which, when decreasing its value and quantity exported after reaching a tariff of 0%, contradicts the theory of trade liberalization. For this purpose, different unanticipated external forces that could have caused this phenomenon will be analyzed. / Tesis
57

Planeamiento estratégico de la uva sin pepa de la región Piura 2018-2022

Melquiades Reyes, Joel Fabián, Paredes Guillén, Gabriela Guiselle, Umeres Guitton, Vivian Eliana, Vilchez Juarez, Evelyn Janet 20 September 2018 (has links)
La producción de la uva sin pepa en Piura para exportación ha tenido un incremento del 66% en la campaña 2016/2017 con respecto a la del periodo 2015/2016, principalmente por las nuevas tendencias de preferencias de los consumidores y también debido a la política de apertura de mercados que gestiona el gobierno peruano, manteniendo vigentes tratados comerciales con diferentes países, lo que facilita la exportación de productos agroindustriales incluyendo a países como Estados Unidos y Holanda, siendo estos los principales destinos de las exportaciones de uva sin pepa producida en Piura. Otro factor que promueve esta industria es la calidad del producto obtenido, el cual cumple con las especificaciones sanitarias y calibre exigidos por los diferentes mercados internacionales, así como con contar con la preferencia del mercado en cuestión de sabor y aroma. Es por ello que el presente documento de Planeamiento Estratégico de la uva sin pepa de la Región Piura hasta el año 2022 plantea estrategias viables paras ser ejecutadas, a partir de la recopilación y evaluación de información del sector, propuesta de una visión y misión para el sector, análisis externo e interno, así como el desarrollo de matrices mediante el proceso estratégico, por las cuales Piura se podrá convertir en el principal productor exportador de uva sin pepa del Perú, logrando mantener su liderazgo a nivel Perú así como su reconocimiento a nivel internacional. / The production of the seedless grape in Piura for export had an increase of 66% in the 2016/2017 campaign compared to 2015/2016, mainly due to new trends in consumer preferences and also due to the policy of opening markets that manages the Peruvian government, keeping trade agreements with different countries, which make easier the export of agro industrial products including countries like United States and Netherlands, which are main destinations for seedless grape exports produced in Piura. Another factor that promotes this industry is the quality of the product, which complies with the sanitary specifications and caliber required by the different international markets, as well as having the preference of the market in terms of flavor and aroma. That is why the present document of Strategic Planning of the Seedless grape of Piura Region up to the year 2022 proposes viable strategies to be executed, from the collection and evaluation of information of the sector, proposal of a vision and mission for the sector, external and internal analysis, as well as the development of matrices through the strategic process, for which Piura will be able to become the main exporter of seedless grapes in Peru, maintaining its leadership in Peru as well as its international recognition. / Tesis
58

Estudo comparativo do perfil metabolômico e proteômico de uvas (Vitis vinifera) durante o processo de maturação utilizando ferramentas bioanalíticas / Comparative study of metabolomic and proteomic profiles of grapes (Vitis vinifera) during ripening using bioanalytical tools

Karina Fraige 13 July 2012 (has links)
A análise da composição química das uvas é de grande importância para avaliar a data da colheita e a produção de vinhos de qualidade. O estudo do metabolismo das uvas é essencial para definirem-se em quais etapas os metabólitos são produzidos, assim como as proteínas e genes que regulam esses processos. Açúcares, polifenóis e ácidos orgânicos são importantes classes de metabólitos relacionados com o desenvolvimento de uvas. Os açúcares são os compostos que primeiramente indicam a data de colheita, sendo substâncias-chave em diversos processos biológicos. Os polifenóis tem se destacado por sua atividade antioxidante, além de participarem dos mecanismos de defesa da planta. Os ácidos orgânicos são responsáveis pela qualidade organoléptica e estão envolvidos em vários processos metabólicos. As proteínas não contribuem de forma significativa para o valor nutricional, mas são importantes marcadores de variedade para verificar adulterações de vinhos. O Rio Grande do Sul é responsável por grande parte das uvas produzidas no país, e recentemente o Vale do São Francisco tem se destacado na produção destas frutas. Em regiões do Sudeste um manejo de podas diferenciado vem sendo feito para a obtenção de uvas com bons índices de maturação e resistência a doenças fúngicas. Uvas produzidas em Água Vermelha e Louveira, interior de São Paulo, foram estudadas durante a maturação com relação a análises físico-químicas, perfil proteômico, por eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massas, e perfil metabolômico de antocianinas, polifenóis não-antociânicos, ácidos orgânicos e açúcares por técnicas cromatográficas e eletroforéticas acopladas a detectores por arranjo de diodos e/ou espectrometria de massas. Os resultados foram analisados por ferramentas de análise multivariada e comparados com uvas maduras das regiões Sul e Nordeste. Foram observadas tendências de agrupamento das uvas verdes devido à maior acidez e das uvas maduras devido à maior concentração de antocianinas e açúcares, sendo que o perfil de antocianinas pode ser utilizado como marcador de origem varietal. Em termos do perfil proteômico foi possível estabelecer diferenças entre variedades de uvas, além de uma tendência com relação à origem geográfica. Foram identificadas 74 proteínas relacionadas principalmente, às funções de defesa e resposta a stress, metabolismo de carboidratos e metabolismo energético. / Analysis of the chemical composition of grapes is very important to evaluate harvest time and production of high quality wines. The study of grape metabolism is essential to define in which stages metabolites are produced, as well as proteins and genes that regulate these processes. Sugars, polyphenols and organic acids are important classes of metabolites related with grape development. Sugars are compounds that primarily indicate harvest time, and they are key substances in various biological processes. Polyphenols have been noted for its antioxidant activity, also for taking part in mechanisms of plant defense. Organic acids are responsible for organoleptic quality, and they are evolved in diverse metabolic processes. Proteins do not contribute significantly to the nutritional value, but they are important variety markers to verify adulterations of wines. Rio Grande do Sul is responsible for most of the grapes produced in Brazil, and recently Vale do São Francisco has received attention because of the production of these fruits. In some regions of Southeast a different pruning handle has started to obtain grapes with good levels of ripeness and resistance in developing fungal diseases. Grapes cultured in Água Vermelha and Louveira, São Paulo State, were studied during ripening in relation to physical-chemical analysis, proteomic profile, by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the metabolomic profile of anthocyanins, non-anthocyanin polyphenols, organic acids and sugars by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques coupled to diode array and/or mass spectrometry detectors. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis and compared with those of mature grapes from South and Northeast regions. The data show clustering of green grapes due to higher acidity and clusters of mature grapes due to higher anthocyanin and sugars concentrations, and the profile of anthocyanins can be used as a varietal marker. Considering the proteomic profile, it was possible to group different varieties of grapes with a trend in relation to geographical origin being also observed. It was identified 74 proteins related, mainly, to defense and stress response, carbohydrate metabolism and energetic metabolism.
59

Influencia del contenido de la instrucción en la eficiencia de labores de poda y ajuste de carga en uva de mesa

Ávila Valdivia, Carolina Andrea January 2013 (has links)
Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo y al Grado de Magister en Ciencias Agropecuarias Mención Producción Frutícola / Debido a la falta de trabajadores calificados para el desarrollo de las labores agrícolas, la baja productividad y el alto costo que representan para los productores, se realizaron dos estudios para evaluar el incremento productivo y eficiencia de la mano de obra en parronales. El primer estudio evaluó la calidad de las instrucciones de la labor de poda en la variedad Superior, en 5 predios en la comuna Alto de Carmen, Región de Atacama. El segundo estudio evaluó la realización de un ajuste de carga dirigido con tres ensayos en las variedades Thompson Seedless, Red Globe y Flame Seedless. La primera variedad ubicada en la Comuna de Doñihue, Región O‟Higgins, y las dos últimas variedades ubicadas en la Comuna del Alto del Carmen, Región de Atacama.
60

Evaluación de técnicas de conservación en ensalada bicolor de uva mínimamente procesada en fresco

Oyarzún Jara, Dennise Karina January 2014 (has links)
Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera Agrónoma y al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Producción Frutícola / La industria de frutas mínimamente procesadas, generalmente utiliza como desinfectante NaClO debido a su bajo costo y alta efectividad. Sin embargo, su aplicación podría generar residuos perjudiciales para el medio ambiente, siendo necesario evaluar alternativas al NaClO, destacando entre ellas el agua ozonizada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto desinfectante de agua ozonizada sobre la calidad físico-química, sensorial, microbiológica y funcional de bayas ‘Thompson Seedless’ y ‘Black Seedless’. Se realizaron lavados con agua ozonizada (2, 4, 6 y 8 mg·L-1) durante 4 min, luego las bayas se envasaron en bolsas de polietileno y se almacenaron en atmósfera modificada durante 21 días a 5 °C. Al término del almacenamiento se observó un aumento de la tasa respiratoria sin afectar los parámetros sensoriales o físico-químicos. Al mismo tiempo se observó una baja carga microbiana durante el almacenamiento, con recuentos similares al obtenido con NaClO. La aplicación de agua ozonizada aumentó el contenido de fenoles totales en ambas variedades. Los resultados indican que el uso de agua ozonizada es una alternativa factible para reemplazar el NaClO, manteniendo la calidad sensorial y microbiológica de una ensalada de uva de mesa, incrementando al mismo tiempo la calidad funcional del producto. / The minimally processed industry usually applies NaClO as a sanitizer due to its high effectiveness and low cost. However, NaClO could generate environmental undesirable residues that leads to the evaluation of alternative sanitizers, among them ozonated water. The objective of this research was the evaluation of the sanitizing effect of ozonated water on the physicochemical, sensory, microbiological and functional quality of ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Black Seedless’ table grapes. Berries were washed with ozonated water (2, 4, 6 and 8 mg·L-1) for 4 min, packed in polyethylene bags and stored under modified atmosphere for 21 days at 5 °C. It was observed an increasing respiratory rate at the end of the storage without a detrimental effect on the sensory or physicochemical parameters. It was found during all the storage period a low microbial load with similar counts compared to NaClO. The application of ozonated water increased the total phenolic content in both grape varieties. The results showed that ozonated water is a feasible alternative to replace NaClO, keeping the sensory and microbiological quality of minimally processed table grape while increasing the functional value of the product.

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