Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 teresa_felismina_souza.pdf: 1262547 bytes, checksum: d3217512011536f72f5756fc6c075a6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-28 / This dissertation deals with issues related to religious education in the public schools of Boa Vista, as an epistemological contribution to the training of citizens and citizenship, on their acceptance or denial within the school environment. Religious Education is a discipline still undervalued in schools, but its importance needs to be understood more eloquently, for everyone to have the knowledge on its base and that values and principles can bring to people's lives. The vision of society on the role of religious education for students is something that needs to be changed; it needs to be recognized by all the other knowledge areas such as of equal value and knowledge. Understanding the importance of the worked content in this discipline enables both teachers and students and the society, to deepen each time covered in this process. Knowing that such discipline is not meant to catechize students or instruct them to follow particular religion, it is not intended to indoctrinate anyone. The research takes as empirical reference, two schools of Boa Vista - RR. At first, In-depth study, "Religious Education in Theoretical contexts, Methodological and Religious Education Topics in Brazil"; in a second phase, will be analyzed "The State of Roraima and Religious Education", so that we can know how the work with this course has been developed over time. A third moment will be addressed and studied "The relationship between teachers and students in relation to Religious Education Discipline". For the research, they were initially made bibliographical studies so that they could know how the Religious Education arrived in Brazil and what its foundations and guidelines in the National educational context. Later it was researched which the first religious educational manifestations in the state of Roraima and then conducted a case study in two public schools of the capital, on what is the opinion of teachers and students on how this discipline has been worked, what their prospects questions and notes that each researched expressed. / Esta Dissertação aborda as questões relacionadas ao Ensino Religioso nas escolas públicas em Boa Vista, como uma contribuição epistemológica para a formação do cidadão e da cidadania, sobre a sua aceitação ou negação dentro do ambiente escolar. O Ensino Religioso é uma disciplina pouco valorizada ainda nas escolas, porém a sua importância precisa ser compreendida de maneira mais eloquente, para que todos tenham conhecimento sobre a sua base e que valores e princípios podem trazer para a vida do cidadão. A visão da sociedade sobre o papel do Ensino Religioso para os alunos é algo que necessita ser mudado, é preciso seu reconhecimento perante o conjunto de outras áreas de conhecimento de tal igual valor enquanto um saber. Compreender a importância dos conteúdos trabalhados nesta disciplina possibilitará tanto os professores, como alunos e sociedade aprofundarem-se em relação a cada momento abordado neste processo. Saber que a referida disciplina não tem o intuito de catequizar os alunos ou instruí-los a seguir determinada religião, não é seu objetivo doutrinar qualquer pessoa. A pesquisa toma como referência empírica, duas escolas de Boa Vista RR. O estudo aprofundará, no primeiro momento, O Ensino Religioso nos contextos Teórico, Metodológico e Tópicos do Ensino Religioso no Brasil. No segundo momento, será analisado O Estado de Roraima e o Ensino Religioso , para que se possa conhecer como o trabalho com esta disciplina tem sido desenvolvido ao longo do tempo. E no terceiro momento, será abordada e estudada A relação entre professores e alunos com relação à Disciplina de Ensino Religioso . Para a pesquisa, inicialmente foram feitos estudos bibliográficos para que se pudesse conhecer como o Ensino Religioso chegou ao Brasil e quais seus fundamentos e diretrizes no contexto educacional Nacional. Posteriormente pesquisaram quais as primeiras manifestações educacionais religiosas no Estado de Roraima e depois se realizou um estudo de caso em duas escolas pública da capital, sobre qual a opinião de professores e alunos sobre a forma como esta disciplina vem sendo trabalhada, quais suas perspectivas, questionamentos e apontamentos que cada pesquisado expressa.

Partint de la qüestió de la crisi de la modernitat, es proposa una reflexió sobre alguns dels camins de l’art contemporani, utilitzant com a clau de lectura de l’experiència artística l’expressió del temps i de la temporalitat. La pregunta a la qual s’intenta donar una resposta és sobre les dimensions en què s’expressa i a les quals dóna forma l’art del nostre temps. Per a això, en la primera part s’analitzen quatre lectures de la qüestió de la modernitat: La barbàrie d’Henry, La crisi de les ciències europees de Husserl, la Dialèctica de la il·lustració de Horkheimer i Adorno, i La fi de la modernitat de Vattimo. Unes lectures que busquen oferir altres sentits, a partir de diferents enfocaments històrics i filosòfics, a l’època de la ‘postmodernitat’. A partir d’aquí, el discurs es centra en la manifestació de la crisi en l’art, seguint també algunes reflexions desenvolupades per Adorno en la Teoria estètica. Després de considerar les revolucions artístiques de la primera meitat del segle XX —en particular l’abstractisme de Kandinsky i de Malèvitx i la música ‘atonal’ de Schönberg—, així com alguns dels moviments d’avantguarda que van protagonitzar una explosió estètica en les dècades dels 50 i els 60, s’arriba així a una anàlisi de l’obra de l’escultor Richard Serra i del compositor Arvo Pärt, l’elecció dels quals, no obstant això, no implica certament la possibilitat de definir una direcció unívoca en l’expressió artística del nostre temps. / Partiendo de la cuestión de la crisis de la modernidad, se propone una reflexión sobre algunos de los caminos del arte contemporáneo, utilizando como clave de lectura de la experiencia artística la expresión del tiempo y de la temporalidad. La pregunta a la cual se intenta ofrecer una respuesta es sobre las dimensiones en que se expresa y a las cuales da forma el arte de nuestro tiempo. Para ello, en la primera parte se analizan cuatro lecturas de la cuestión de la modernidad: La barbarie de Henry, La crisis de las ciencias europeas de Husserl, la Dialéctica de la ilustración de Horkheimer y Adorno, y El fin de la modernidad de Vattimo. Unas lecturas que buscan ofrecer otros sentidos, a partir de diferentes enfoques históricos y filosóficos, a la época de la ‘posmodernidad’. A partir de ahí, el discurso se centra en la manifestación de la crisis en el arte, siguiendo también algunas reflexiones desarrolladas por Adorno en la Teoría estética. Después de considerar las revoluciones artísticas de la primera mitad del siglo XX —en particular el abstractismo de Kandinsky y de Malévich y la música ‘atonal’ de Schönberg—, así como algunos de los movimientos de vanguardia que protagonizaron una explosión estética en las décadas de los 50 y los 60, se llega así a un análisis de la obra del escultor Richard Serra y del compositor Arvo Pärt, cuya elección, sin embargo, no implica ciertamente la posibilidad de definir una dirección unívoca en la expresión artística de nuestro tiempo. / Starting from the crisis of modernity, I propose a reflection on some of the paths of contemporary art, considering the expression of time and temporality an interpretative key for the artistic experience. The question I attempt to answer is on the dimensions in which the art of our time expresses itself, and which it tries to shape. To do this, in the first part four readings of modernity are analyzed: Barbarism by Henry, The Crisis of European Sciences by Husserl, the Dialectic of Enlightenment by Horkheimer and Adorno, and The End of Modernity by Vattimo. Readings that attempt to offer, from different historical and philosophical approaches, other meanings of the age of ‘postmodernity’. Thereafter, the discourse focuses on the manifestation of the crisis in art, following some thoughts developed by Adorno in Aesthetic Theory. After considering the artistic revolutions of the early twentieth century —in particular, the abstractionism of Kandinsky and Malevich and the ‘atonal’ music of Schoenberg—, as well as some of the avant-garde movements who staged an aesthetic explosion in the 50 and 60, I finally analyze the work of the sculptor Richard Serra and the composer Arvo Pärt, whose choice, however, certainly does not imply the possibility of defining a unique path in the artistic expression of our time. / Partendo dalla questione della crisi della modernità, si propone una riflessione su alcuni dei percorsi dell’arte contemporanea, utilizzando come chiave di lettura dell’esperienza artistica l’espressione del tempo e della temporalità. La domanda alla quale si cerca di offrire una risposta è sulle dimensioni nelle quali si esprime e alle quali dà forma l’arte del nostro tempo. In questa direzione, nella prima parte si analizzano quattro letture della questione della modernità: La barbarie di Henry, La crisi delle scienze europee di Husserl, la Dialettica dell’illuminismo di Horkheimer y Adorno, e La fine della modernità di Vattimo. Delle letture che intentano offrire altri significati, a partire da diversi approcci storici e filosofici, all’epoca della ‘postmodernità’. Di qui, il discorso si incentra sulla manifestazione della crisi nell’arte, seguendo alcune riflessioni sviluppate de Adorno nella Teoría estetica. Dopo aver considerato le rivoluzioni artistiche della prima metà del ventesimo secolo —in particulare l’astrattismo di Kandinsky e di Malevič e la musica ‘atonale’ di Schönberg—, così come alcuni dei movimenti di avanguardia che hanno protagonizato una esplosione estetica negli anni 50 e 60, si arriva così ad un’analisi dell’opera dello scultore Richard Serra e del compositore Arvo Pärt, la cui scelta, tuttavia, non implica certamente la possibilità di definire una direzione univoca nell’espressione artistica del nostro tempo.

Este trabajo de investigación ha tenido como guía los siguientes objetivos: en primer lugar se ha intentado demostrar que solamente en los Estados democráticos se puede hablar de la desobediencia civil como forma principal de disidencia. También se ha pretendido indagar sobre el origen y la idea de ciudadano, como sujeto de derechos, en las teorías políticas de la modernidad. Se ha procurado analizar el concepto de desobediencia civil en las principales teorías de autores actuales como Rawls, Habermas y Dworkin. Y así, partiendo de estas, tratar sobre la justificación de la desobediencia civil en el ámbito moral, jurídico y político. Finalmente el estudio de los casos prácticos, sin pretensiones de exhaustividad, se ha abordado con la intención de aclarar algunos errores sobre el fenómeno de la desobediencia civil y mostrar la diversidad de la acción, insertada en un contexto histórico determinado. La metodología empleada para un primer acercamiento al tema de la desobediencia civil se ha basado en la lectura de textos originales de los autores: libros, artículos, entrevistas etc. Con esto se ha pretendido obtener una primera opinión libre de prejuicios. Una vez anotadas las reflexiones sobre estas lecturas, se ha pasado a ampliar ideas a partir de textos relacionados con la temática en otros autores, intentando analizar, tanto aquellos que pudieran apoyar los objetivos propuestos, como otros que defienden opiniones contrarias. Debemos señalar que la gran mayoría de los textos consultados, aun no habiendo sido citados, han sido de gran utilidad para obtener una visión más amplia sobre el tema y que, en ocasiones, han servido para modificar la primera opinión que se tenía sobre el mismo, encauzando el curso de la investigación. Son varias las conclusiones a las que hemos llegado; la primera, basándonos tanto en las teoría como en la práctica, sería que la desobediencia civil es una forma de protesta propia de los Estados democráticos ya que los presupuestos que definen la propia acción coinciden con los de dichos Estados. La segunda es que, solamente cuando los hombres se consideran parte del sistema de poder, se encuentran en situación de actuar para conseguir un presente mejor. La tercera incide sobre la dificultad e inconveniencia de justificar la desobediencia en el ámbito jurídico, en tanto que, en el moral y el político son frecuentes los argumentos a favor de tal justificación. La cuarta y última pasa por aceptar que la sinergia entre las teorías sobre la desobediencia civil y la práctica de la misma enriquecen a ambos ámbitos, a la vez que generan nuevas formas de acción política. / This research has been firstly aimed at proving that only in democratic states civil disobedience can be considered as the main form of dissidence. Furthermore, we have tried to investigate about the origin and the idea of the citizen, as subject of rights, through modern political theories. The concept of civil disobedience has been analyzed within the main theories by current authors such as Rawls, Habermas and Dworkin. Thus, from these premises, we will deal with the justification of civil disobedience in the moral, legal and political field. Finally, the study of practical cases, without claiming completeness, has been raised aiming at clarifying some mistakes about the phenomenon of civil disobedience, and at showing the diversity of actions inserted in a certain historical context. The methodology used for a first introduction to the topic of civil disobedience has been based on the reading of original sources: books, articles, interviews. In doing so, our attempt has been to elicit an initial opinion free of prejudices. Once notes of the reflections about these readings have been taken, we have broadened the ideas from other authors’ texts also related to the topic by means of analyzing not only those who could support the established targets but also others who defend views to the contrary. It must be pointed out that most of the texts consulted, not having yet been quoted, have been very valuable for the achievement of a wider vision about the topic and, occasionally, have been used to alter the initial opinion about it, guiding the research . We have reached several conclusions. Firstly, based on both theory and practice, civil disobedience is a form of protest found in democratic States since the presuppositions that define the action itself coincide with the ones in the States previously mentioned. Secondly, only when men consider themselves as part of the power system, they are able to act so that they can achieve a better present situation. Thirdly, the difficulty and inconvenience of justifying disobedience in legal fields, bearing in mind that arguments in favour of such a justification are frequently found. Fourthly, it is accepted that the synergy between the theories on civil disobedience and the practice of it enrich both fields, and at the same time new forms of political action are created.

Esta tesis, titulada “El impacto del realismo tomista en la fenomenología de Edith Stein”, es un proyecto un tanto ambicioso, ya que en ella confluyen sistemas filosóficos muy dispares en el tiempo y en su contenido, como son el realismo tomista y la fenomenología, los cuales en un principio no guardan ninguna clase de relación. Para comprender la filosofía de Edith Stein y la labor filosófica que realiza esta discípula de Edmund Husserl, hay que tener presente todas sus etapas filosóficas y saber desde cuándo hasta dónde abarcan. Teniendo claro el amplio abanico de su producción intelectual, hay que situar el realismo tras su etapa fenomenológica inicial y ver en qué medida afecta a sus posiciones filosóficas iniciales y a sus derivaciones hasta sus últimos escritos; por ello es totalmente determinante para la demostración de la hipótesis el haber atravesado todas las etapas intelectuales de la autora con un profundo seguimiento de la línea del estudio. Para no perderse en un mar de confusión de conceptos clásicos y modernos, hay que tener en cuenta la producción filosófica steiniana al completo y así llegar a una resolución clara en los puntos centrales que nos ocupan. Para eso se han tenido en cuenta las obras completas en alemán y en castellano y se ha revisado la biografía y el epistolario de forma exhaustiva, haciendo mucho hincapié en lo que la autora dice sobre sus propias obras, ya que en la Segunda Guerra Mundial hubo una masiva destrucción material y la producción intelectual steiniana se resintió de algunas pérdidas y destrucciones, otras obras quedaron a medias y muchas de ellas salvaguardadas, pero en diferentes lugares geográficos y con diferentes dueños. Para realizar esta tesis he tenido que seguir el proceso de la fuerte labor por parte de los editores y traductores para que las obras completas de la autora salgan a la luz. Éstas son muy cercanas en el tiempo y, por eso, aún no están lo suficientemente estudiadas, a la vez que son de una actualidad e interés grande. Uno de los orígenes de esta tesis es realizar una aportación real al mundo de la filosofía acerca de un tema cuyo estudio se está demandando. Aunque todo lo que Edith Stein realizó no se conserva, queda más que suficiente para que sea una filósofa de reconocimiento europeo e intercontinental. En la metodología también ha resultado necesaria revisar la biografía para extraer datos filosóficos que ayuden a entender el porqué de su filosofía y no otro tipo de actividad en el clima de la Primera y Segunda Guerras Mundiales. Aclarada la situación espacio-temporal, la motivación y su importante relación con la producción filosófica, entonces es cuando presentamos sus relaciones intelectuales con otros filósofos e iluminamos en qué medida esto le afecta respecto de sus posiciones iniciales. Poco a poco, a lo largo de la biografía y las influencias, se va viendo cada vez más claramente como Edith Stein hace confluir nociones clave del Círculo fenomenológico de Göttingen con el tomismo. Este es el engranaje en el que Stein gesta y comienza a producir un itinerario fenomenológico que resultará único, abriendo ella el paso desde el mundo fenomenológico subjetivo del yo puro de la conciencia hacia lo real, pasando por el tomismo. Se plasman nociones filosóficas como el yo, la persona, el conocimiento, etc., manifestando y concluyendo cómo la producción filosófica de Edith Stein resulta totalmente novedosa en la Historia de la Filosofía. / The present paper, entitled The Impact of Thomistic Realism on the Phenomenology of Edith Stein, is a rather ambitious project, since it can be seen the convergence of very unalike philosophical systems in time and content. Some examples are the thomistic realism and the phenomenology, both not having an obviuos relation between them at all. In order to understand Edith Stein's philosophy and the philosophical work that this disciple of Edmund Husserl makes, it must be taken into account all her philosophical periods and the knowledge of them regarding their beginning and end. Having a clear idea of the wide range of her mental production, realism must be placed after her initial phenomenological period and see in which way it affects her first philosophical positions and their repercussions until her last works. Thus, it is completely determining for the demonstration of the hypothesis to have gone through all the mental periods of the authoress with a deep monitoring of the line of the study. If anyone does not like to get confused between classical and modern concepts, Stein's production must be fully considered to reach a clear resolution of the main points that are included here. Concerning this point, her complete works in German and Spanish have been taken into account. Her biography and collected letters have been deeply revised with a special attention to what the authoress says about her own works; due to the fact that during the Second World War there was a massive material destruction and Stein's mental production was one of the many lost and destroyed works. Some of them were halfly damaged and many of her works were safeguarded, although in different geographical locations and with different owners. In order to make this dissertation, the process of the hard work of editors and translators has been followed to make possible that the complete works of the authoress could come to light. They are quite close in time, for that reason, they are not enough studied, being at the same time current and of great interest. This is one of the origins of the present dissertation, to offer a real contribution to the world of philosophy about an issue whose study is being demanded. Even though not all of Edith Stein's work is preserved, there is more than enough remaining in order to be an acknowledged philosopher in Europe as well as in an intercontinental level. In the methodology, has also been necessary to revise her biography to deduce philosophical data which help understand the reason of her philosophy and no other kind of activity in the times of the First and Second World Wars. Once the space-time situation has been clarified, the motivation and their important relation with the philosophical production, then, it is when their mental relations with other philosophers are presented and there is light in which way that affects regarding their initial positions. Little by little, throughout the biography and the influences, it can be seen more clearly in an increasing way how Edith Stein makes key notions of the Göttingen Philosophical Society converge with thomism. This is the gears where Stein develops and starts producing a phenomenological itinerary which will be one-of-a-kind. This way, it is her the one who opens the way from the phenomenological subjective world of the pure I of the conscience to what is real, going through thomism. Notions such as the I, the person, the knowledge, etc. are expressed, stating and concluding how Edith Stein's philosophical production is totally novel in the History of Philosophy.

La presente tesis doctoral trata sobre las problemáticas epistemológicas y ontológicas del ejercicio de la etnografía contemporánea, en particular de aquella focalizada en el análisis de los procesos de subjetivación. La primera parte refiere a la experiencia del extrañamiento, su transversalidad entre el pensamiento y el conocimiento. La segunda, se centra en la caja de herramientas del etnógrafo moderno y del contemporáneo, en las mezclas de operaciones explicativas, comprensivas e interpretativas, históricamente provenientes de corrientes y modelos de las ciencias humanas y sociales, conjugadas desde una perspectiva ecléctica. En tercer lugar, se caracterizan las etnografías como cartografías, donde operan diferentes concepciones de la verdad, y se analizan los componentes científicos, filosóficos y artísticos que se combinan en la creación de conocimiento. La cuarta parte recoge los capítulos dedicados a los horizontes epistemológicos y las líneas de fuga de esta formulación gnoseológica. El paso de los productos a los procesos, y la revisión del contexto experimental contemporáneo, da paso a la descripción de tres direcciones de desarrollo: las etnografías de la comunicación, la ciencia y la tecnología, y las provenientes de las llamadas antropologías del mundo. Por último, las conclusiones buscan poner en evidencia el rol de la etnografía en el desplazamiento general de las tradiciones filosó-ficas y científicas desde el ser al hacer, desde el sujeto hacia la subjetividad. / La present tesi doctoral tracta sobre les problemàtiques epistemològiques i ontològiques de l'exercici de l'etnografia contemporània, en particular d'aquella focalitzada en l'anàlisi dels processos de subjectivació. La primera part fa a l'experiència de l'estranyament, la seva trans-versalitat entre el pensament i el coneixement. La segona, se centra en la caixa d'eines del etnògraf modern i del contemporani, en les barreges d'operacions explicatives, comprensives i interpretatives, històricament provinents de corrents i models de les ciències humanes i socials, conjugades des d'una perspectiva eclèctica. En tercer lloc, es caracteritzen les etnografies com cartografies, on operen diferents concepcions de la veritat, i s'analitzen els components científics, filosòfics i artístics que es combinen en la creació de coneixement. La quarta part recull els capítols dedicats als horitzons epistemológicos i les línies de fuga d'aquesta formulació gnoseològica. El pas dels productes als processos, i la revisió del context experimental contemporani, dóna pas a la descripció de tres direccions de desenvolupament: les etnografies de la comunicació, la ciència i la tecnologia, i les provinents de les anomenades antropologies del món. Finalment, les conclusions busquen posar en evidència el rol de l'etnografia en el desplaçament general de les tradicions filosòfiques i científiques des del ser al fer, des del subjecte cap a la subjectivitat. / This doctoral thesis is about the epistemological and ontological problematic of contemporary ethnography exercise, particularly focused on the analysis of processes of subjectification. The first part refers to experience of estrangement, its transversality between thought and knowledge. The second focuses on the modern and contemporary ethnographer´s toolbox, in mixtures of explicative, comprehensive and interpretative operations, historically came from the currents and models of humanities and social sciences, conjugate from an eclectic perspective. Thirdly, ethnography is characterized like a cartography, where operate different conceptions of truth, and is analyzed the scientific, philosophic and artistic components. The fourth part contains chapters on epistemological horizons and lines of flight of this gnoseological formulation. The step from the products to the processes, and revision of contemporary experimental context, give way to the description of three directions of development: ethnography of communication, science and technology, and from the called world anthropologies. Finally, conclusions seek to highlight the role of ethnography on the general displacement of the philosophic and scientific traditions from the being to doing, from the subject to the subjectivity.

D.Phil. / The restructuring of the South African Higher Education landscape in postapartheid era has been the scene of vast organisational change as numerous mergers between Higher Education Institutions have typified this transformation. One such a merger is the merger between the Technikon Witwatersrand, the Rand Afrikaans University and two campuses of Vista University (namely the East Rand and Soweto Campuses) into the University of Johannesburg. Announced on 31 May 2002 and intended to be effective as of 1 January 2005, this merger represents the birth of the largest residential university in South Africa and presents the opportunity of studying the effects of all-encompassing change on employees first hand. In terms of organisational change – with mergers representing a specific type of organisational change – it is apparent that the effect of change on staff members is not only a widely overlooked matter in practice, but also in organisational change literature (and in mergers and acquisitions literature in particular). This study explores the merger experiences of academic staff at the University of Johannesburg and also examines the role leadership has played in these experiences. Using an Interpretive, case study design, 40 academic staff members were interviewed. These research subjects were selected on a purposive basis from all faculties across all campuses. Using the Strauss and Corbin application of Grounded Theory, the collected data was analysed to construct the reality of academic staffs’ merger experiences and perceptions of the merger at the University of Johannesburg. In terms of the University of Johannesburg, findings indicate that institutional predisposition is a major contributor to shaping research subjects’ initial attitude toward the pending merger. Furthermore, the interim phase that the University found itself in directly after merger the date, was a cause of great discontent amongst academic staff and was seen as the greatest debilitating factor to the successful roll-out of the merger. The study indicates that academic staff relay their experiences and perceptions of the merger in three discernable time frames, or perspectives, each with its own unique dynamic. Collectively, these three perspectives constitute the Reflective Experience of Mergers (REM) theory, which examines how the merger experiences of academic staff shape their perceptions of and attitudes toward the merger over time. The REM-theory reiterates the temporal nature of change; it is a phenomenon that evolves over time in discernable stages. Furthermore the REM-theory also underscores the effect change has on the emotional and psychological well being of individuals over time. The REM-theory also highlights the important role leadership plays in a merger as, in the case of the University of Johannesburg, research subjects tended to be far more critical of deficiencies in leadership as opposed to deficiencies in management.

Thesis advisor: James M. O'Toole / This dissertation examines the development of youth volunteer service in the United States through a constellation of religious, private, and government programs. It explores how this larger impulse, which includes “service trips,” service–learning courses, and postgraduate programs like the Peace Corps, became a normative and ubiquitous opportunity for middle class, and consequently largely white, Americans. This study weaves together multiple programs, and a rich array of ideas and events such as social gospel concerns, pacifism, William James’ arguments for a “moral alternative to war,” gender and class anxieties, Great Depression and Cold War–specific exigencies, the Catholic Lay Apostolate, 1960s student activism, and the War on Poverty. The dissertation further demonstrates the religious roots of this phenomenon, as seen through Protestant and Catholic programs in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Further, it shows that this paradigm of volunteer has always been twofold in its aim; it has focused both on the growth and education of the volunteer as they served others. It also shows that impulse has always been a limited agent for large–scale social change. Service programs were by their nature short–term projects meant to expose and educate volunteers to more entrenched social problems. Finally, while adult organizers often made service opportunities a possibility, it was the desire of many young women and men to “do more” with their time and abilities outside of traditional educational or professional options was the engine that truly drove and grew this movement. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

Orientador: Roberto Braga / Banca: Antônio Cezar Leal / Banca: Andrea Aparecida Zacharias / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado teve como objetivo analisar as inundações que ocorrem anualmente na cidade de São João da Boa Vista/SP, mais especificamente na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego São João. Essa análise buscou compreender quais os aspectos geográficos presentes no espaço urbano da cidade tem influência na constante ocorrência de inundações, que são um problema para a população local. A pesquisa busca mostrar esses aspectos através do levantamento das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego São João, em relação aos tipos de uso e ocupação do solo e a composição da paisagem, e também através de uma comparação entre as áreas com maior índice de ocorrência de inundações no município de São João da Boa Vista e a distribuição da malha urbana inserida na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego São João, além da identificação das áreas impermeáveis. A metodologia da pesquisa foi dividida em quatro pilares: revisão bibliográfica, cartografia, trabalhos de campo e questionários. A pesquisa traz uma discussão a respeito dos rios urbanos, e como as alterações provocadas pelo homem aumentam o risco a determinadas situações, como as inundações. A análise abarca essa temática especificamente na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego São João, através do levantamento histórico de ocupação do espaço geográfico em questão, trazendo o também o histórico de inundações, as características físicas da área de estudo e quais aspectos geográficos influenciam diretamente na constante oco... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This dissertation aimed to analyze the floods occurring annually in the city of São João da Boa Vista/SP, more specifically in the Corrego São João‟s hydrographic basin. This analysis sought to understand which geographical aspects present in the urban space of the city has influence in the constant occurrence of floods, which are a problem for the local population. The research seeks to show these aspects through the survey of the Permanent Preservation Areas of the Corrego São João‟s basin, in relation to the types of land use and occupation and the composition of the landscape, and also through a comparison between the areas with the highest index of flood occurrence in the municipality of São João da Boa Vista and the distribution of the urban network inserted in the catchment area of Corrego São João, besides the identification of the impermeable areas. The methodology of the research was divided into four pillars: bibliographic review, cartography, fieldwork and questionnaires. The research brings a discussion about urban rivers, and how the changes caused by man increase the risk to certain situations, such as floods. The analysis covers this theme specifically in the São João stream basin, through the historical survey of occupation of the geographic space in question, bringing also the history of floods, the physical characteristics of the study area and which geographic aspects directly influence the constant occurrence of floods. The actions carried out by the publ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A câmera subjetiva abrange o ponto de vista, em suas múltiplas implicações narrativas, enunciativas, audiovisuais. À sua crescente presença no audiovisual contemporâneo correspondem expansões de seus sentidos comumente relacionados à linguagem clássica narrativa cinematográfica e a uma normatividade que restringe seu uso sistemático. Novos usos da câmera subjetiva associam novos fatores e novas funções dentro do cinema, relacionando técnicas e tecnologias com resultados estéticos. Esta pesquisa investiga a câmera subjetiva como recurso de linguagem e de estilo audiovisual que movimenta variáveis entre a espectatorialidade e o filme. / Subjective camera embraces point of view, in several narrative, enunciative and audiovisual implications. The sense commonly related to classical cinema narrative language becomes expanded with new approaches of subjective camera in contemporary works, breaking the rules that restrain its systematic utilization. New usage of subjective camera links new functions and new elements inside cinema, connecting technologies and technics with aesthetics results. This research examines subjective camera as an audiovisual stylistic feature that crosses film language and spectatorship.

A presente pesquisa investiga como os elementos visuais ao dispor dos cineastas podem contribuir para a representação de estados alterados de percepção no cinema, de modo a ampliar a discussão sobre a expressividade do trabalho de direção de fotografia. Por meio da análise e interpretação de três filmes brasileiros que apresentam personagens fora de si e construções visuais contundentes - Estorvo (2000), de Ruy Guerra, Filme de Amor (2003), de Júlio Bressane e A Concepção (2005), de José Eduardo Belmonte -, a pesquisa discute de que maneira as características da imagem podem contribuir para a criação de pontos de vista, atmosferas e sentidos, que permitem a apreensão do filme para além de sua compreensão intelectual. Partindo do reconhecimento da ligação entre narrador e personagens, a análise se volta à força expressiva das imagens usadas ao longo dos filmes, tomando como referência reflexões sobre o expressionismo na pintura e no cinema. Essa discussão serve de base para a identificação de um imaginário sobre os estados alterados de percepção e suas relações com a sociedade presente na cinematografia brasileira dos anos 2000. / The present research investigates how the visual elements available to the filmmakers can contribute to the representation of altered states of perception in the cinema, in order to broaden the discussion about the expressiveness of the cinematography work. Through the analysis and interpretation of three Brazilian films that present characters out of their minds and rich visual constructions - Estorvo (2000), by Ruy Guerra, Filme de Amor (2003), by Júlio Bressane and A Concepção (2005), by José Eduardo Belmonte -, the research discusses how the characteristics of image can contribute to the creation of points of view, moods and senses, which in turn make possible the apprehension of the film beyond its intellectual understanding. Acknowledging the connection between narrator and characters, the analysis focus on the expressive force of the images used throughout the films, taking as reference reflections on Expressionism in painting and in cinema. This discussion serves as basis for the identification of a position regarding altered states of perception and their relations with society in Brazilian cinematography of the 2000s.