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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Estudo sobre características genéticas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolados de pacientes com e sem lesões cavitárias

Vinhas, Solange Alves 30 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange Alves Vinhas.pdf: 4494197 bytes, checksum: c05b3a06ae983246a835977f36eb32e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Background: Based on the hypothesis that genetic variability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) could influence virulence and immunopathology we analyzed genetic profiles of different MTB strains in order to detect relatedness between genetic diversity and presence of cavity (disease severity). Methods: We conducted a retrospective molecular study in Vitória ES, based on TB strains (2003 to 2006, n = 214) from patients with pulmonary cavitary and non-cavitary TB using IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR methodologies. RESULTS: Initially, we compared the association of the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with the presence of cavities. After logistic regression the variables that most contributed to explain the model of the disease were smear positive (ORajust = 5.96; IC= 2.58-13.73) and sputum production (ORajust = 4.55; IC= 1.28-16.12), there was no statistically significant association with the remaining variables. The LAM family was the most frequent within the samples of the two groups analyzed, representing 65 (62%) of the isolates in the cavitary group and 40 isolates (38%) of the non-cavitary. After comparing the proportions of LAM and other spoligotyping families there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.17). In relation to deletions RDRio (p=0.65) and RD174 (p=0.65) there were no statistically significant difference between the groups. Amongst the 205 isolates analyzed, 25 (12%) belonging to the non-cavitary group and 43 (21%) belonging to the cavitary group, were grouped in clusters. The statistical analysis of the association of the occurence of clusters with the presence of cavity showed no statistically significant difference between the quantity of clusters and the groups that were analyzed, (p= 0.4). Conclusion: The genotipic profile for the isolates from patients with cavitary and non-cavitary disease was determined. Our data showed that LAM9 was the most frequent among the strains between cavitary and noncavitary groups, corroborating findings that this family is the most frequent in Brasil. There were no statistical differences that could show association among the variables analyzed related to presence of cavity or disease severity / Introdução: Baseado na hipótese de que a variabilidade genética de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) pode influenciar a virulência e a gravidade da doença os perfis genéticos de isolados clínicos de MTB foram avaliados para detectar associação entre diversidade genética e gravidade da doença. Objetivos: Analisar características genéticas de isolados de MTB e verificar sua possível associação com a gravidade da TB pulmonar. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, caso controle, conduzido em Vitória-ES, utilizando isolados de MTB (2003 a 2006, n=214) de pacientes com TB pulmonar, cavitária (127) e não cavitária (87). Realizou-se genotipagem por meio de RFLP-IS6110, Spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR 24 loci, e a análise de deleções e inserções, como RDRio, RD174 utilizando PCR multiplex, bem como a detecção do Ag85C103. Realizou-se análise estatística, para verificação dos padrões de distribuição das variáveis, seguida de análises bivariadas para verificação de associações entre elas, empregando-se os teste exato de Fisher ou Chi-quadrado, ambos com 95% de intervalo de confiança e nível de significância (&#61554;) < 0,05. Resultados: Após a regressão logística, as variáveis que contribuíram no modelo explicativo da doença foram baciloscopia (ORajust = 5,96; IC= 2,58-13,73) e produção de escarro (ORajust = 4,55; IC= 1,28- 16,12). Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa com o restante das variáveis.A família LAM foi a mais frequente entre os dois grupos analisados, representando 65 (62%) dos isolados no grupo cavitário e 40 isolados (38%) do grupo não cavitário. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos em relação à deleção RDRio (p=0,65) e com relação à deleção RD174 (p=0,65). Dentre os 205 isolados analisados, 25 (12%) isolados do grupo não cavitário e 43 (21%) do grupo cavitário, estavam em cluster. não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a quantidade de clusters e os grupos analisados (p= 0,4). Conclusões: Foi determinado o perfil genotípico dos isolados de pacientes com doença pulmonar, cavitária e não cavitária. Não houve associação entre a presença de cavidade e os genótipos encontrados. Não houve associação do genótipo com nenhum dos marcadores moleculares avaliados
32

Associação do polimorfismo INS-VNTR com a susceptibilidade ao diabetes mellitus tipo 1, tipo 2 e gestacional na população urbana brasileira / Association of the INS-VNTR polymorphism with susceptibility to type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus in the urban brazilian population

Flávia Porto Pelá 19 October 2012 (has links)
O diabetes mellitus (DM) é definido como doença metabólica, caracterizado pela hiperglicemia, causada pela disfunção da secreção de insulina, atividade da insulina ou ambas. É classificado em quatro classes clínicas i) diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), ii) diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), iii) diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG), iv) outros tipos específicos. Dentre os genes conhecidos por influenciarem o mecanismo de produção e liberação de insulina no organismo humano, o gene da insulina (INS) é o mais bem caracterizado nas classes clínicas do DM. A região promotora do gene INS tem sido alvo de estudo em diversas amostras populacionais do mundo, devido a sua capacidade de modular os níveis de expressão de insulina no timo e no pâncreas, de acordo, com a classe alélica que compõe o genótipo do indivíduo. Localizada a 596pb acima do sítio de transcrição do gene da insulina, é estruturada em alelos minissatélites distribuídos in tandem (ACAGGGGTGTGGGG). O alelo classe I (30 - 60 repetições) tem sido associado com predisposição ao DM1, enquanto o alelo classe III (120 - 170 repetições) tem efeito de proteção ao DM1, no entanto, esse alelo tem apresentado correlação ao DM2, à obesidade em crianças e jovens e, aumento de riscos cardiovasculares. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o polimorfismo da região promotora do gene da insulina sobre os fenótipos do DM e a possível influência desse em características demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais desses pacientes. Foram analisados 189 pacientes com DM1, 116 pacientes com DM2, 68 pacientes com DMG e 339 indivíduos controle da região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. O DNA genômico foi extraído por salting-out, seguido da amplificação e digestão enzimática do fragmento referente a região promotora do gene INS, o qual contém na sequência downstream, o polimorfismo -23HphI, cujo desequilíbrio de ligação (r2 1) com o polimorfismo INSVNTR, permite inferir os genótipos por intermédio da análise do polimorfismo -23HphI. Observamos que o alelo classe I e o genótipo classe I : classe I estão relacionados à predisposição ao DM1, enquanto o alelo classe III, predominantemente em homozigose, está associado à proteção ao DM1. Em relação ao DM2, o genótipo classe I : classe III foi associado à susceptibilidade a doença e, nenhum genótipo foi correlacionado ao DMG. De acordo com os dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais, variáveis como gênero e pigmentação da pele têm influenciado na frequência do polimorfismo INSVNTR em pacientes com DM1, como por exemplo, a maior frequência de homens com genótipo classe I : classe I no conjunto DM1. Em contrapartida, nesse mesmo grupo de pacientes, o genótipo classe III : classe III evidenciou maior susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de retinopatia (p=0,0020; OR= 0,05333; 95% I.C. 0,007839 - 0,3629). Em pacientes com DM2, a comparação entre gêneros evidenciou maior frequência do genótipo classe III : classe III em mulheres. E, em relação ao DMG, os genótipos de classe I : classe I e classe I : classe III estavam associados ao menor nível de glicose no plasma sanguíneo em relação as pacientes que exibiam o genótipo classe III : classe III. Esse é o primeiro estudo de associação do polimorfismo INS-VNTR comparando as três principais classes clínicas de DM oriundas de uma mesma amostra geográfica, sendo evidenciado um perfil genotípico padrão de susceptibilidade de acordo com o tipo de DM. / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin activity or both. It is classified into four clinical classes i) type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), ii) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), iii) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), iv) other specific types. Among the genes known to influence the mechanism of production and release of insulin, the insulin gene (INS) has been well characterized in disease susceptibility. The INS promoter has been studied in different worldwide populations due to its ability to modulate expression levels of insulin in the thymus and pancreas, in accordance with the type of diabetes. The major polymorphic site is located 596bp upstream from the translation initiation site of the INS gene and it is structured into minisatellite alleles (ACAGGGGTGTGGGG). The shorter class I alleles (30 60 repeats) confers predisposition to DM1 and the longer class III (120 170 repeats) confers protection to DM1; however, the latter allele has also shown to be correlated with DM2, obesity in children and juvenile individuals, and increased cardiovascular risks. This study aims to analyze the association of a polymorphic site at promoter region of the INS gene with diabetes phenotypes, with the purpose of evaluating this region as a possible genetic marker of the disease, and the possible influence on demographic, clinical and laboratory features in a sample of the urban Brazilian population. We analyzed 189 T1DM patients, 116 T2DM patients, 68 GDM patients and 339 healthy individuals from the region of Ribeirão Preto, SP. DNA extraction was performed using a salting-out procedure, followed by amplification and restriction enzyme digestion of the fragment relating to INS gene promoter, which contains another polymorphism, -23HphI, which is in perfect linkage disequilibrium (r2 1) with the INS-VNTR, making it an useful genetic marker. We observed that the class I allele and class I : class I genotype are associated with predisposition to T1DM, whereas, class III allele, predominantly in homozygosity, is associated to T1DM protection. In relation to T2DM, the class I : class III genotype has been associated with susceptibility to disease. Finally, no genotype was correlated with GDM. Data stratification according to demographical, clinical and laboratory variables, indicated that gender, skin color seemed to influence the frequency of the INS-VNTR polymorphism; i. e., the class I : class I genotype was more frequent in male T1DM patients. On the other hand, the presence of the class III : class III genotype was associated with susceptibility the development of retinopathy (p=0,0020; OR= 0,05333; 95% I.C. 0,007839 - 0,3629). In T2DM patients, a trend association was observed between the class III : class III genotype with female diabetic patients. In relation to GDM, the genotypes class I : class I and class I : class III were associated with decreased glucose levels in relation to patients exhibiting the class III : class III genotype. This is the first study of the INS-VNTR polymorphism encompassing the major types if DM patients from the same geographical region, which showed a differential pattern of susceptibility according to the underlying type of DM.
33

Φαρμακογονιδιωματική μελέτη της ανταπόκρισης ασθενών με λευχαιμία στη θεραπεία με 6-μερκαπτοπουρίνη

Κασσελά, Αικατερίνη 11 October 2013 (has links)
Η μεθυλοτρανσφεράση της θειοπουρίνης (TPMT) είναι ένα ένζυμο του κυτταροπλάσματος, που καταλύει τη μεθυλίωση των θειοπουρινικών φαρμάκων, όπως η 6-μερκαπτοπουρίνη (6-MP), η οποία έχει καθιερωθεί στη θεραπεία συντήρησης παιδιών με ΟΛΛ. Ένα πολυμορφικό στοιχείο (VNTR) στον υποκινητή του γονιδίου ΤΡΜΤ, φαίνεται να επηρεάζει τα επίπεδα δραστικότητας του ενζύμου που παράγεται. Πρόκειται για διαδοχικές επαναλήψεις τριών διαφορετικών αλληλουχιών (A, B και C), ο αριθμός των οποίων κυμαίνεται από τρεις έως εννέα. Η περιοχή VNTR είναι πλούσια σε επαναλήψεις των βάσεων GC, οι οποίες αποτελούν πιθανές θέσεις πρόσδεσης μεταγραφικών παραγόντων. Μερικοί ασθενείς, οι οποίοι ακολουθούν θεραπεία με 6-ΜΡ, δεν είναι ανθεκτικοί στην καθιερωμένη δόση του φαρμάκου και παρουσιάζουν μυελοτοξικότητα ως αποτέλεσμα της ανεπάρκειας του ενζύμου TPMT. Στην παρούσα εργασία πραγματοποιήθηκε μία εκτεταμένη μελέτη της περιοχής VNTR, με απώτερο σκοπό την αξιολόγησή της ως πιθανό φαρμακογονιδιωματικό δείκτη, που να σχετίζεται με την πρόβλεψη ανεπιθύμητων παρενεργειών σε ασθενείς με ΟΛΛ, οι οποίοι λαμβάνουν 6-ΜΡ. Αρχικά, προσδιορίστηκε η συχνότητα των διαφορετικών VNTR αλληλομόρφων στον ελληνικό πληθυσμό, σε ένα σύνολο υγιών ατόμων, με σκοπό να αντιπαραβάλλουμε τις συχνότητες αυτές με δεδομένα από άλλες πληθυσμιακές ομάδες. Τα αποτελέσματά που προέκυψαν συμφωνούν με τα αντίστοιχα στοιχεία που υπάρχουν για άλλους πληθυσμούς. Οι μέθοδοι γονοτύπησης που εφαρμόσθηκαν περιλαμβάνουν την αντίδραση της PCR και τον προσδιορισμό αλληλουχίας κατά Sanger. Στη συνέχεια μελετήθηκε η επίδραση συγκεκριμένων μοτίβων VNTR στον υποκινητή του γονιδίου υγιών ατόμων, στη μεταγραφή του γονιδίου, καθώς και στην έκφραση του ενζύμου ΤΡΜΤ. Η ικανότητα μεταγραφής εκτιμήθηκε με τη μέθοδο της ποσοτικής Real Time PCR, ενώ τα επίπεδα έκφρασης του ενζύμου προσδιορίστηκαν μέσω της αντίδρασης χημειοφωταύγειας, με χρήση κατάλληλων αντισωμάτων. Ο μικρός αριθμός δειγμάτων δεν επέτρεψε την εξαγωγή ασφαλών συμπερασμάτων για το ρόλο της VNTR περιοχής, στην μεταγραφή του γονιδίου ΤΡΜΤ. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματά μας, διακρίνεται μία τάση συσχέτισης, η οποία όμως απαιτεί περαιτέρω διερεύνηση. / Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes S-methylation of thiopurine drugs, such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), which is typically used as maintenance therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) within the TPMT promoter has been reported to “modulate” levels of this enzyme activity. The VNTR region architecture is defined by three types of repeats (A, B and C) rang¬ing from three to nine (VNTR*3 to VNTR*9). These repeats are GC rich, and are putative binding sites of various transcription factors. Some patients do not tolerate standard doses of 6-MP and develop myelotoxicity as a consequence of inherited TPMT deficiency. In this study, we performed an extensive analysis of VNTR region, in order to evaluate it as a putative pharmacogenomic marker to predict 6-MP toxicity, in ALL patients. The frequency of TPMT alleles bearing different VNTR architectures was investigated in the Hellenic population. The results of this study were consistent with data, already existed, from other populations. The number and type of tandem repeats were determined by PCR amplification followed by direct re-sequencing. Moreover, we explored the influence of specific VNTR motifs, within the TPMT promoter of healthy individuals, on transcription and expression of TPMT gene. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed in order to investigate the influence of VNTR architecture on TPMT gene transcription. The expression levels of TPMT enzyme were estimated by chemiluminescence reaction, using appropriate antibodies. The role of VNTR region on TPMT gene transcription was not clarified through this study, owing to small cohort of samples included. A statistical trend of association has been observed, requiring, however, further investigation.
34

Expression du récepteur FcRn et pharmacocinétique des anticorps thérapeutiques / Expression of FcRn receptor and pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies

Passot, Christophe 30 June 2014 (has links)
Le FcRn est le récepteur responsable du recyclage des IgG ainsi que de leur transcytose. Ainsi cette protéine a un rôle majeur dans la pharmacocinétique des anticorps thérapeutiques. Nous nous sommes intéressés à différents aspects de l'expression du FcRn. Premièrement nous avons évalué l'influence sur la pharmacocinétique du cétuximab de 2 polymorphismes génétiques influençant l'expression du FcRn. Nous avons montré qu'un Variable Number Tandem Repeat influence la distribution du cétuximab. Nous avons établi que le gène est rarement soumis à des variations de son nombre de copies. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré par une approche de RT-PCR en multiplex l'absence du transcrit FcRn dans les plaquettes humaines. Enfin, l'analyse du niveau de transcrits de FcRn dans un modèle d'activation cellulaire indique qu'il existe une régulation: ce niveau diminue lorsque des monocytes sont différenciés en cellules dendritiques immatures ainsi que lors de l'évolution en cellules dendritiques matures. Les résultats de cette thèse démontrent l'importance de l'étude de l'expression du FcRn dans la variabilité pharmacocinétique des anticorps thérapeutiques. / The FcRn is the receptor responsible for the recycling of IgG and their transcytosis. Thus, this protein has a major role in the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic antibodies. We focused on different aspects of FcRn expression. First, we evaluated the influence on the pharmacokinetics of cetuximab of 2 genetic polymorphisms influencing FcRn expression. We showed that a Variable Number Tandem Repeat influences the distribution of the cetuximab. We determined that the gene is rarely affected by Copy Number Variations. Furthermore, we showed by an RT-PCR approach that the FcRn transcript is absent in human platelets. Finally, the analysis of FcRn transcript level in a model of cellular activation indicates that a regulation occurs : the level decreases when monocytes differenciate into immature dendritic cells as well as during evolution into mature dendritic cells. Results of this thesis demonstrate the importance of the study of FcRn expression in pharmokinetic variability of therapeutic antibodies.
35

Epidemiologia molecular das cepas de Yersinia pestis isoladas no Nordeste do Brasil pela análise do número variável de repetições em Tandem (MLVA) / Molecular epidemiology from Yersinia pestis strains isolated in Brazil for multiple locus variable analisys (MLVA)

Nepomuceno, Mirele Regina de Araújo January 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T13:43:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 833.pdf: 2723781 bytes, checksum: a830784ddefc542106be74ce8aa431fa (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T22:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 833.pdf.txt: 159741 bytes, checksum: 9e6065c4897ceb926534eb7e10453293 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 833.pdf: 2723781 bytes, checksum: a830784ddefc542106be74ce8aa431fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil / A Yersinia pestis é o agente etiológico da peste, uma doença primária de roedores, transmitida por pulgas infectadas e que pode infectar o homem e outros mamíferos. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar a tipagem de 63 cepas de Y. pestis de três focos de peste do PE. As cepas foram isoladas de diferentes fontes e períodos. Das 63 cepas, 20 foram isoladas de um epizootia, em agosto de 1967, na Chapada do Araripe-PE. Também foram estudadas oito cepas de Y. pestis isoladas em outros países, cinco cepas de Y. pseudotuberculosis e nove de Y. enterocolitica. Foram utilizados onze VNTRs pela técnica do MLVA. Dos onze VNTRs para as cepas da epizootia apenas um revelou-se polimórfico apresentando diferentes alelos. Os demais VNTRs revelaram-se monomórficos. Entre os onze VNTRs analisados para as 51 cepas de Y. pestis (43 brasileiras e 8 estrageiras) dois se revelaram monomórficos gerando amplicons com 7 e 2 unidades repetitivas (UR). Os outros nove VNTRs analisados revelaram-se polimórficos gerando dois a oito alelos. As cepas de Y. pseudotuberculosis apresentaram-se polimórficas para 10 VNTRs gerando amplicons de tamanhos diversos, o VNTR ms09 foi o único monomórfico gerando um amplicon de 700 pb com 28 UR. Das nove cepas de Y. enterocolitica analisadas com os onze locos, sete apresentaram-se monomórficos com amplicons de 700, 250, 270, 690, 231 e 379 pb. Os outros quatro VNTRs analisados apresentaram um padrão de amplificação polimórfico com amplicons de tamanhos diferentes para o mesmo loco. O padrão de amplificação gerado com as cepas de Y. pestis possibilitou distribui-las em 35 perfis genotípicos. A análise das cepas pelo dendrograma permitiu agrupá-las em cinco clados, onde no clado I ficaram agrupadas a maioria das cepas brasileiras de Y. pestis, as cepas estrangeiras de Y. pestis ficaram agrupadas nos clados II e IV, enquanto que Y. enterocolitica e Y. pseudotuberculosis ficaram nos clados III e V respectivamente. Diante dissso pode-se considerar que o MLVA mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil em estudos filogenéticos e epidemiológicos das cepas brasileiras de Y. pestis, além de estudos intraespecíficos com as espécies de Y. enterocolitica e Y. pseudotuberculosis. As análises revelaram diversidade genética entre as cepas de Y. pestis isoladas de diferentes fontes e períodos e sua continuação poderá gerar dados importantes para estabelecer relações filogenéticas entre as cepas, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento da disseminação e transmissão do agente etiológico da peste na natureza e a dinâmica da epidemiologia no Brasil
36

Genética da espiritualidade: análise genética de Médiuns espíritas

Scalia, Luana Araújo Macedo 31 August 2017 (has links)
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introdução: A religiosidade e espiritualidade (R/E) são aspectos importantes na vida e cultura de grande parte da população. Embora as práticas religiosas sejam universais e evidências demostrem sua importância clínica, as bases biológicas desse comportamento são pouco investigadas, particularmente a níveis genéticos. Objetivos: Verificar a associação dos polimorfismos 5-HTTLPR, SNP na região UTR 3’ (rs3813034) do gene 5-HTT, Val66Met do gene BDNF e repetições do éxon III do gene DRD4 com mediunidade e religiosidade/espiritualidade; além disso verificar a relação entre os polimorfismos gênicos de médiuns espíritas e grupo controle e traços de personalidade. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 130 voluntários, sendo 75 médiuns espíritas e 55 voluntários não médiuns do grupo controle. Foi distinguido os genótipos dos polimorfismos 5-HTTLPR, SNP rs3813034 do gene 5-HTT, Val66Met do gene BDNF e repetições do éxon III do gene DRD4. Os voluntários responderam questionários de Religiosidade P-DUREL, Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter de Cloninger (ITC) e Self-Report screening questionnaire (SRQ). Resultados: Amostras de médiuns espíritas tem alta religiosidade pela P-DUREL e altas pontuações nas dimensões de caráter do ITC comparadas ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa entre SRQ+ de médiuns (20%) e grupo controle (26,8%). Não foi encontrado associação entre genótipos e mediunidade ou religiosidade pela P-DUREL. Houve associação entre os genótipos 5-HTTLPR, o SNP rs3813034 e repetições do gene DRD4 e subescalas da dimensão Autotranscendência (AT) de Cloninger. A subescala Identificação transpessoal se associou exclusivamente a genótipos de médiuns espíritas. Conclusão: Médiuns espíritas possuem personalidade associada a boa saúde mental e baixa prevalência de transtornos mentais. De acordo com os resultados obtidos há indicativo de que polimorfismos 5- HTTLPR, rs3813034 do gene 5-HTT e do DRD4 de médiuns afeta a dimensão de caráter autotranscendência da TCI. / Introduction: Religion and spirituality (R / E) are important aspects in the life and culture of a large part of the population. Although religious practices are universal and evidence demonstrates their clinical importance, the biological basis of such behavior is poorly investigated, particularly at genetic levels. Objectives: To verify the association of 5- HTTLPR, SNP polymorphisms in the 3 'UTR region (rs3813034) of the 5-HTT gene, Val66Met of the BDNF gene, and 48 bp repeats on exon III of the DRD4 gene with mediumship and religiosity / spirituality; In addition to verify the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of spiritist mediums and control group and personality traits. Methods: The study included 130 volunteers, 75 Spiritist mediums and 55 non-medium volunteers from the control group. Genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms, rs3813034 SNPs of the 5- HTT gene, Val66Met of the BDNF gene and exons of the exon III of the DRD4 gene were distinguished. The volunteers answered the following questionnaires: P-DUREL, Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (ITC) and Self-Report screening questionnaire (SRQ). Results: Spiritist mediums scored high religiosity in P-DUREL and high scores on the ITC’s character dimensions compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between SRQ + of mediums (20%) and control group (26.8%). There was no association between genotypes and mediumship or religiosity by P-DUREL. There was an association between the 5-HTTLPR genotypes, the rs3813034 SNP and DRD4 gene repetition and Cloninger's Autotranscendence (AT) subscales. The subscale Transpersonal Identification was exclusively associated with genotypes of spiritist mediums. Conclusion: Spiritist mediums have personality traits associated with good mental health and low prevalence of mental disorders. According to the results, there are indications that 5-HTTLPR and rs3813034 polymorphisms of the 5-HTT gene and the DRD4 can affect the character dimension of self-transcendence of the TCI when mediumship is present. / Tese (Doutorado)
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De l'usage du polymorphisme de répétitions en tandem pour l'étude des populations bactériennes : mise au point et validation d'un système de génotypage automatisé utilisant la technique de MLVA

Sobral, Daniel 02 May 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Les espèces bactériennes exhibent plusieurs états de structure de populations pouvant varier de clonale à panmictique selon l'importance des transferts horizontaux et la nature de leur écosystème. Dans mon travail de thèse, je me suis intéressé à trois espèces bactériennes, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila et Pseudomonas aeruginosa qui reflètent trois situations différentes. Afin de pouvoir décrire de façon rapide de grandes collections de souches, j'ai utilisé comme marqueurs de diversité le polymorphisme de séquences répétées en tandem appelées VNTRs, pour Variable Number Tandem Repeat. La méthode MLVA, ou Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis, est une méthode de typage moléculaire qui s'appuie sur l'étude concomitante du polymorphisme de plusieurs loci VNTRs. Dans un premier temps, j'ai conçu des protocoles de typage automatisés pour les trois espèces considérées, puis j'ai appliqué ces outils pour traiter de questions d'épidémiologie. S. aureus, espèce à structure clonale, est un pathogène majeur responsable notamment de toxi-infections alimentaires collectives (TIAC). Les travaux réalisés ont permis de démontrer la spécificité d'hôte de certains complexes clonaux et l'origine humaine des cas de TIAC. L. pneumophila est un pathogène de l'environnement dont la structure de population est atypique : présumée panmictique dans la nature, la bactérie semble connaitre une évolution clonale lorsque son écosystème est restreint, dans un milieu anthropique par exemple. L'étude épidémiologique menée sur la population de L. pneumophila dans la ville de Rennes a mis en évidence la présence d'un écotype, non impliqué dans les cas cliniques épidémiques, particulièrement adapté aux réseaux d'eau. P. aeruginosa, modèle de bactérie panmictique, colonise les bronches de patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Le suivi longitudinal de patients indique que les souches installées sont persistantes et quasi-exclusive de la niche qu'elles occupent. L'exploration de cette diversité du monde bactérien est un préalable à l'investigation épidémiologique des maladies infectieuses. Avec un même outil moléculaire de première intention, cette thèse retrace l'épidémiologie et la structure de trois espèces bactériennes très différentes. L'adaptation à un nouvel environnement (hôte animal, niche écologique, organe) est l'occasion d'expansions clonales.

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