Nonmarital and marital fertility in the Czech Republic and from international perspective. Trends, patterns and attitudes. Abstract The aim of this master thesis is to describe the development trends of marital and nonmarital fertility in the Czech Republic and to analyze selected indicators of fertility. As tools are used to certain methods of demographic analysis. The first part addressis the basic concepts related to the issue of marital and nonmarital fertility, data sources and a description of the historical development of nonmartial fertility. The analytical part include basic analysis of fertility by age, marital status, education, birth order and the decomposition of the total fertility rate and proportion of childern born outsider marriage in the Czech Republic and Austria too. Keywords: marital fertility, nonmarital fertility, decomposition, total fertility rate, value orientation

This thesis deals with the topic of value and value orientations in the society. The first part of the thesis is the introduction to the issue of values from sociological perspective, and to issue of empirical measurement of values as well. Subsequently the thesis core is own empirical analysis of the data from Aktér surveys, which were carried out in the Czech Republic in 2005, 2007 and 2012. The research intention was to create typology of respondents on the basis of their various value orientations. For this purpose, a battery of questions was used, which was repeatedly asked in the questionnaires in the Aktér surveys. This set of items measured values and life strategies of respondents on the five-point scales. Multidimensional statistical techniques, such as explorative factor analysis and cluster analysis, were employed to the typology-making process. The outcome of this thesis is the presentation of created respondent types (clusters), their identification on the basis of sociodemographic variables and the indication of the typology transformation in the process of time.

Paskutiniais dešimtmečiais vyko žymūs pokyčiai visose socialinio gyvenimo sferose. Tai paskatino žmones orientuotis į naujas vertybes. Ypatingai daug galimybių pasirinkimui atsirado jaunai besivystančiai asmenybei. Sporto vieta visuomenės gyvenime užima vis reikšmingesnę vietą. Tai kartu kaip laisvalaikio praleidimo priemonė ar savo tikslų realizavimo forma. Aktyvia fizine veikla, kryptingu sportu, kai pradedama sistemingai siekti sportinių rezultatų, pradedama užsiėminėti paauglystės laikotarpiu, todėl susidomėjimą šiuo moksliniu tyrimu paskatino problema, kad fizinis aktyvumas nepakankamai išnaudojamas vertybių formavimuisi vyresniajame mokykliniame amžiuje. Tyrimo objektas – ryšys tarp fizinio aktyvumo ir vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus mokinių vertybinių orientacijų. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti fizinio aktyvumo poveikį vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus mokinių vertybinėms orientacijoms. Tyrimo uždaviniai:  Išskirti veiksnius, įtakojančius vertybinių orientacijų formavimąsi.  Nustatyti ryšį tarp fizinio aktyvumo ir vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus mokinių vertybinių orientacijų.  Išryškinti skirtingo fizinio aktyvumo mokinių vertybines orientacijas lyties skirtumų aspektu. Tyrimo metodai: teorinė analizė ir apibendrinimas (mokslinės literatūros šaltinių apžvalga), anketinė apklausa, matematinė statistika. Tyrimo hipotezės: 1) fizinis aktyvumas turi nevienodą poveikį skirtingos lyties mokinių vertybinėms orientacijoms; 2) fiziškai aktyvūs, t. y. sportuojantys mokiniai labiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Significant changes have being continuing in all social life spheres during latest decades. This has encouraged people to orient to new values. Especially lots of possibilities to choose appeared to the young developing person. Sport is covering over and over the more meaningful place in the life of society. Sport is both the way of leisure and the form of anyone’s ambitions realization. At the teenagers’ age it is started to go in for sports as in the active physical work, focused sport when it is started systematically to reach results in sport. Because of this the problem that physical activeness is used incompletely to values’ formation in senior school age induced the interest in this scientific inquiry. The object of this work is the connection between physical activeness and senior school age students’ values’ orientations. The aim of the survey is to disclose the impact of physical activeness on the senior students’ values’ orientations. The tasks are as follows:  To set apart factors which influence the formation of values’ orientations.  To establish the connection between physical activeness and senior students’ values’ orientations.  To distinguish the students’ of different physical activity values’ orientations from the sex differences’ aspect. The methods of survey: the theoretical analysis and conclusion finding (the survey of nonfiction), questionnaire, mathematical statistics. The hypotheses of the survey: 1) physical activeness has different impact... [to full text]

Habilitacijos procedūrai teikiamų mokslo darbų apžvalgoje nagrinėjami svarbiausi Danutos Diskienės atliktų 1997–2008 m. mokslinių tyrimų rezultatai. Autorės tyrimai yra susiję su vadovų vaidmens šiuolaikinėje organizacijoje pokyčiais bei verslo ir viešojo sektoriaus skirtingo lygio vadovų vadybinėmis nuostatomis, įgyvendinant valdymo funkcijas. Pagrindinis tyrimų tikslas - įvertinti vadovų vadybines kompetencijas pagal pagrindines valdymo funkcijas bei atskleisti kompetencijų pokyčių turinį ir kryptis, atsižvelgiant į besikeičiančios aplinkos iššūkius. Tikslui atskleisti buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: • atlikti, remiantis teoriniu vadovų kompetencijų modeliu, verslo ir viešojo sektorių skirtingo lygio vadovų kompetencijų lyginamąją analizę ir identifikuoti kritines pozicijas; • nustatyti, atsižvelgiant į kultūros orientacijos modelį, Lietuvos kultūros vertybių orientacijas ir atskleisti jų įtaką vadybinės elgsenos raiškai organizacijose; • išnagrinėti ir apibendrinti teorines valdymo funkcijų turinį atskleidžiančias koncepcijas vadovų kompetencijų ugdymo kontekste, pabrėžiant jų pritaikomumo lygį skirtinguose veiklos sektoriuose (verslo ir viešajame sektoriuje); • įvertinti skirtingo lygio vadovų vadybinių kompetencijų būklę, įgyvendinant pagrindines valdymo funkcijas ir atskleisti galimas kompetencijų pokyčių kryptis. Savo darbuose autorė remiasi teorinės minties ir vadybinės praktikos integravimu. Empiriniai iškeltų vadybinių problemų tyrimai buvo atliekami dviem etapais: I... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This overview of research work done by Danuta Diskiene includes the most important research issues and results obtained in the period of 1997–2008. The principal research points and issues are summarized below. Author’s research is related to the changes of leader’s role in the modern organization, as well as with different managerial attitudes of business and public sector leaders needed in the realization of managerial functions. The main aim of this research is to evaluate the managerial competencies of leaders according to the main managerial functions and to reveal the contents and directions of the competencies’ changes in respect to the challenges of the changing environment. The following tasks were formed to disclose the aim: • To perform a comparative analysis and indentify critical positions of the managers representing different levels in business and public sectors, invoking theoretical module of managerial competencies; • To determine Lithuanian cultural values and to reveal their influence on the managerial behavior in the organizations in consideration of cultural orientation model; • To analyze and summarize theoretical concepts which reveal the content of managerial functions in the context of managerial competencies’ cultivation, stressing their adaptability level for different sectors (business and public sector); • To evaluate the condition of leaders’ managerial competencies on different levels, through implementation of main managerial functions and to... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti profesionalių vairuotojų rizikingo vairavimo sąsajas su jų vertybinėmis orientacijomis ir įsipareigojimu organizacijai. Tyrime dalyvavo 160 profesionalių vairuotojų iš Kauno, Klaipėdos, Telšių, Pasvalio, Kaišiadorių, Tauragės, Šilutės, Zarasų, Šilalės ir Kretingos miestų. Rizikingas vairavimas buvo tiriamas „Vairavimo Elgesio Klausimynu“ (DBQ), vertybinės orientacijos - M. M. Rokičiaus „Vertybinių orientacijų tyrimo“ metodika (Rokeach, 1972), įsipareigojimas organizacijai „Organizacinio įsipareigojimo klausimynu“ (Yousef, 2003). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad profesionalių vairuotojų rizikingas vairavimas nepriklauso nuo jų amžiaus, vairavimo stažo, šeimyninės padėties. Tik nustatyta, kad profesionalūs vairuotojai, kurie turi aukštąjį išsilavinimą, vairuodami daro daugiau nedidelių apsirikimų kelyje. Profesionalių vairuotojų vertybinės orientacijos (tiek socialinės, tiek egocentrinės) yra susijusios su jų rizikingu vairavimo elgesiu. Kuo labiau profesionalus vairuotojas vertina socialines vertybes, tuo mažiau yra linkęs rizikingai vairuoti (daro mažiau vairavimo reikšmingų klaidų bei tyčinių pažeidimų). Taip pat kuo labiau profesionalus vairuotojas vertina egocentrines vertybes, tuo mažiau rizikingai vairuoja (daro mažiau nedidelių apsirikimų, vairavimo reikšmingų klaidų bei tyčinių pažeidimų). Profesionalių vairuotojų įsipareigojimas organizacijai nėra susijęs su sociodemografiniais veiksniais (amžiumi, išsilavinimu, šeimynine padėtimi, vairavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Purpose of the survey - to assess the professional drivers' risky driving links with their value orientation and commitment to the organization. The study included 160 professional drivers in Kaunas, Klaipėda, Telšiai, Pasvalys, Kaišiadoriai, Tauragė, Šilutė, Zarasai, Šilalė and Kretinga cities. Risky driving has been studied using Driving Conduct Questionnaire (DBQ), value orientations methodology of Value orientations study by M. M. Rokičius (Rokeach, 1972), commitment to the organization using Organizational commitment questionnaire (Yousef, 2003). The results showed that risky driving of professional drivers is irrespective of their age, driving experience and marital status. Only found that professional drivers who have higher education, they are doing more small oversights on the road than others. Professional drivers value orientations (both social and egocentric) are associated with their risky driving behaviour. The more professional driver maximizes the social values the less he is inclined to risky driving (makes less driving significant errors and intentional violations). The more also a professional driver maximizes the egocentric values, the less risky driving he makes (makes less minor oversights, driving significant errors and intentional violations). Professional drivers’ undertaking the organization is not related to socio-demographic factors (age, education, marital status, driving and seniority). However, the less the driver has committed to a... [to full text]

This master's thesis is focused on the value orientation of the adolescents attendingthe low-threshold club services in Strakonice and Blatná. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the time period of an adolescence and the changes that happen in the life. Then, it further analyses what the values and the value orientationare, how the value orientation is build up, what is its position in a matter of researching and what are the low-threshold services for children and youth. The practical part of the thesis is based on the research which is characterised by quantitative survey that was realized at the low-threshold club for children and youth CROSS in Strakonice and STATION 17 in Blatná. The aim of the realized survey was to find out what is the value orientation of the adolescents attending these both clubs. The ascertained opinions of the adolescents correspond, to some extent, with the theoretical assumptions.

This thesis focuses on the values preferred by senior citizens in old people's homes. Values are an integral part of every human life. The old age brings about a reorientation of values; there is a fixation on the family when senior citizens need to feel a sense of necessity and love. Accommodation of needs is a basis for the development of a value system where its value hierarchy is a structured system governed by importance. Old people feel a need for communication but this need is not very well saturated. With increasing age, feelings of loneliness occur and biological needs become accentuated. The empirical part of the thesis defines the objective to find out what life values are preferred by the senior citizens in the Old People's Nursing Home in Jindřichův Hradec. The method for data collection was a qualitative research, the method of case studies. The research group was selected using the method of quota purposive sampling. It consisted of six users of the OPNH; they were communicative men and women aged 65-85 years who received care allowance of the 2nd degree. The key technique used for data collection was an interview using a manual that was used with the six respondents at the OPNH in Jindřichův Hradec. A total of 15 users were interviewed who met the quota conditions but only six users were willing to participate in the research and to be interviewed. The last research question examined what their view of the life in the OPNH is. The research showed that the respondents were affected most by their stay at a triple room, which restricted their quality of sleep, privacy and adaptation. Retaining the dignity and communication with the staff is most important for the respondents. It is possible to comment answering the main research question What life values are preferred by the senior citizens in the Old People's Nursing Home in Jindřichův Hradec' by stating that the respondents feel as the most important their self-sufficiency and health, which undoubtedly affect the fulfilment of all the other needs, and the family that is the purpose of lives of the respondents, it is their driving force and they have something to live for. This thesis should highlight the importance of the issues preferred by users in the Old People's Nursing Home, the importance of cooperation with their families, how important is communication that helps the users to adapt to the new environment and then the creating of individual plans to maintain self-sufficiency of the senior citizens and, in the event they can no longer be self-sufficient and there is a need of help from another person, it is necessary to realize how important it is for the users to maintain their dignity. This thesis helps to justify the importance of the value system of senior citizens. It also expresses the efforts to improve the quality of life of senior citizens in residential social-service facilities while making social work more effective.

This study describes cultural values and communication patterns that are attributable to Ugandans and U.S. Americans in Kampala, Uganda. Value patterns are described within this paper, a mixture of self-attributed and ascripted based on survey and interview data. This information was examined to better understand degrees of variations of communication styles and value orientations and how they contribute to intercultural misunderstanding and potential conflict in a professional setting. The purpose of the study is not merely to contrast Ugandan and U.S. American culture, but to create knowledge to allow better adaption for cross-cultural encounters and add to the scant communication based literature within the African context.

No description available.

Résumé : Les orientations de valeur (OV) désignent « l’ensemble des principes du vrai ou du faux qui sont acceptés par un individu ou un groupe social » (Jewett et Bain, 1985, p. 14). Dans le domaine de l’éducation, elles guident les enseignants dans leurs choix didactiques et pédagogiques. En éducation physique et sportive (ÉPS), cinq OV ont été identifiées dans la littérature: la maîtrise de la discipline, le processus d’apprentissage, l’auto-actualisation, la responsabilisation sociale et l’intégration écologique. Notre analyse des travaux sur la mise en oeuvre des OV a permis de souligner le peu de connaissances produites sur le rôle des OV dans la pratique d’enseignement. Pour saisir la dynamique qui s’opère entre OV et pratique d’enseignement, nous avons élaboré un modèle d’action mobilisant à la fois le concept des OV et celui de pratique d’enseignement. Ce modèle part de la pratique d’enseignement dans le but d’identifier les OV sous-jacentes privilégiées par les enseignants à partir des caractéristiques de cette pratique. L'objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier les dimensions de la pratique d’enseignement d’un enseignant d’ÉPS susceptibles d’être influencées par ses OV privilégiées. Pour cela, nous cherchons à caractériser son modèle d’action. Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous avons conduit une recherche qualitative s’inscrivant dans une approche inductive. Elle se décline sous la forme de deux études de cas. La collecte des données a été conduite auprès de deux enseignantes d’ÉPS du secondaire sur un cycle d’enseignement à l’aide d’un questionnaire, d’entretiens et d’observations. Les données collectées ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives et d’analyses de contenu thématique. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’illustrer la mise en oeuvre singulière des OV de la maîtrise de la discipline (Coline) et de l’auto-actualisation (Sandrine). À partir de ces illustrations, nous avons dégagé la manière dont chacune des deux OV influençait les étapes pré-active, interactive et post-active de la pratique d’enseignement. Nous avons également montré que le profil d’OV de chacun de nos cas agissait comme une grille de lecture pour lire et interpréter leur environnement éducatif mais aussi pour orienter leur pratique effective d’enseignement en cohérence avec leurs OV privilégiées. Cette recherche alimente les travaux menés sur la mise en oeuvre des OV. Notre contribution a des retombées aux plans de la formation initiale et de la formation continue des enseignants d’ÉPS. // Abstract : Value orientations (VO) represent teachers’ educational beliefs. They are implemented through curricular decisions made by physical education (PE) teachers. In PE research literature, five VO have been identified: mastery of the discipline, learning process, self-actualization, social responsibility and ecological integration. We know little about how teachers’ VO influence their teaching process. Although teachers’ VO can be described, it’s still a challenge to explain how they play out in their daily decision-making and practices. In order to understand the influence of teachers’ VO in the teaching process, we designed a teaching model. This model integrates those perspectives on VO and teaching practices. It focuses on teaching practices in order to understand underneath teachers’ VO and how these VO affect teaching practices in return. The goal of this research is to underlined features of teaching practices influenced by teachers’ VO through a deep description of teaching model. We used a qualitative research design with inductive approach. This research was conducted with two experienced female high school PE teachers: Coline and Sandrine. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire, repeated interviews and deferred video observations. Informed consent was obtained prior to data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (questionnaire and video) and thematic content analysis (interviews). The analysis revealed that Coline’s mastery of the discipline and Sandrine’s selfactualization value orientations influence their teaching practices in pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention phases. We showed they used their own value orientation to select and understand their educational environment and also to define their teaching process. These results contribute to develop knowledge about the influence of value orientations in professional practices in PE teaching and PE teachers development.