Darbo objektas: 11-12 klasių vaikinų ir merginų fizinio aktyvumo vertybinės orientacijos. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti ir palyginti 11-12 klasių vaikinų ir merginų fizinio aktyvumo vertybinės orientacijas. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti 11-12 klasių merginų fizinio aktyvumo vertybines orientacijas. 2. Nustatyti 11-12 klasių vaikinų fizinio aktyvumo vertybines orientacijas. 3. Palyginti 11-12 klasių vaikinų ir merginų fizinio aktyvumo vertybines orientacijas. Hipotezė – vaikinų ir merginų fizinio aktyvumo vertybines orientacijos yra skirtingos. Pagrindiniai rezultatai: Lyginant merginas (62 proc.) ir vaikinus (49 proc.) atsakė, kad svarbiausias dalykas gyvenime yra geras išsilavinimas (p<0,05). Pasiekus išsilavinimo ir materialinės gerovės reikia galvoti apie fizinį aktyvumą 60 proc. merginų, 49 proc. vaikinų nepritarė (p<0,05). 87 proc. merginų ir 51 proc. vaikinų pritarė, kad fizinis aktyvumas yra vertybė (p<0,05) Išvados: 1. Vilkaviškio miesto vyresnių klasių merginos pritaria, kad fizinis aktyvumas yra vertybė. Gyvenime joms svarbiausia geras išsilavinimas, tačiau jos linkusios pritarti, kad siekiant išsilavinimo bei karjeros – svarbus ir fizinis aktyvumas. 2. Vilkaviškio miesto vyresnių klasių vaikinai, pritaria, kad fizinis aktyvumas yra kaip vertybė. Tačiau vaikinai savo gyvenime jiems svarbus geras išsilavinimas bei draugystės ryšiai, o siekiant karjeros ir išsilavinimo daugumai svarbu ir fizinis aktyvumas. 3. Palyginus vaikinų ir merginų pasirinkimus į pateiktus klausymus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object: of 11-12 boys and girls in physical activity value orientation. Study objective: To identify and compare the 11-12 boys and girls in physical activity value orientation . Study tasks: 1. Set the 11-12 girls physical activity value orientations. 2. Set the 11-12 boys physical activity value orientations. 3. Compare 11-12 boys and girls in physical activity value orientations. Hypothesis - boys and girls physical activity value orientations are different. Main results: Comparing girls (62 proc.) and boys (49proc.) responded that the most important thing in life is a good education (p<0.05). Once the material walfare of education and need to think about physical activity, 60 proc.of girls, 49 proc. were male (p<0.05). Conclusions: 1. We found that Vilkaviškio city, high school girls agree that physical activity is a virtue. In life, they key to a good education, but they tend to agree that access to education and career importance and physical activity. 2. Vilkaviškio city, high school guys agree that physical activity is as a value. But the guys in your life important to them a good education, and friendship ties, but in order to work and most important education and physical activity. 3. A comparison of male and female options to the hearings responses significantly different guys importantly a good education, friendship, relationships, girls, it is important to have a good education. However, both guys and girls agree that physical activity is a virtue.

This study focuses on the identification of didactic guidelines for presenting values education in secondary schools. The studied literature sends a clear message that values education is of cardinal importance in education, teaching and training. In 2000 the National Department of Education of South Africa assembled a task team to identify a set of values in particular relevant to education and training. In the report Manifesto on Values Education and Democracy (DOE, 2001) six core values are singled out as of primary importance to the new dispensation in South Africa: equality, equal rights, tolerance, multilingualism, transparency, accountability, and social responsibility. The Report focuses only on national, political and social values, however. From research performed by Rens (2005), Hattingh (1999) en Bagarette (1995), it is clear that an individual needs to be educated as a holistic being and all life values thus need to be addressed integratively . A literature study was undertaken to clarify the concepts values, value orientation and values education, and also to determine how adolescents experience values education. Consequently, different values education programmes currently implemented in foreign countries were analysed . It was found that the 'Cornerstone-waardes" programme of John Heenan, applied in New Zealand, could reasonably easily be adapted for the South African context. From the discussion of the curriculating process as applicable to values education, didactic guidelines could be formulated for values education in South African schools. To identify the current orientation to values as manifested by learners, teachers and school principals in South Africa, the values questionnaire compiled by Vreken and Rens (2001) for research on the values orientation of university learners, was adapted and completed by the population involved in this study. Principals were subjected to partly-structured interviews to gain their opinions on values education in schools. Interviews on possible guidelines for values education in South Africa were also conducted by e-mail with international experts. Since the primary aim of the study was to determine the values orientation of secondary school learners and to recommend didactic guidelines for values education, the aim was mainly attained by means of the empirical study. Noteworthy is, however, that there is no symmetry between learners' views on important values and those that the Department of Education finds it necessary to be promoted. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The focus of this study is to suggest guidelines for the implementation of a character education program in high schools. It has become clearly evident, from the literature that character education is of cardinal importance for instruction and education. The breakdown of values in South Africa is leading to an increase in crime in the country, which will have far-reaching consequences if learner crime is not addressed. Character education could offer a possible solution and make learners realise the difference between "right" and "wrong" as well as to say "no" to drugs, alcohol, sex, gangs and other social problems. A literature study was done to highlight the nature and scope of behaviour problems in overseas schools as well as South African schools. There was also looked at the impact of violence on the culture of instruction and learning as well as the external and internal factors that can play a role in violence within schools. Furthermore, the concept of character education was investigated as well as character education as possible solution to behavioural problems in high schools. There was also looked at whether character education does indeed produce positive results. Different character education programs that have already been implemented successfully abroad were investigated. Smart & Good High Schools seem suitable for the South African situation and could easily be adapted to the circumstances of individual schools. This program ascribes to the view that the best high schools have two main objectives in common, namely: to help learners to become smart - in the multi-dimensional sense of intelligence - and to help them become good - in the multi-dimensional sense of moral maturity. It is, therefore, about excellence and ethics. Lickona and Davidson (2005) mention schools that are committed to both these objectives, Smart & Good High Schools. Guidelines for the implementation of a character education program arose from discussing the program. In order to determine in what areas character education are needed with learners; how parents evaluate the character education of the learners of the school; what teachers are presently doing to promote character education; and how the learners' values changed within the scope of six months, questionnaire surveys were used. Questionnaires were given to learners wherein they had to judge their own values and that of their fellow learners. Questionnaires were given to parents asking their opinions on the values currently displayed by learners of the relevant school; what parents would like see with the learners; the character traits of the learners; and which traits the school should promote. Questionnaires were also distributed to the teachers of the school to determine to what extent particular promising practices are being pursued to promote character education with learners. A test sample of Grade 8 to 12 learners also filled out a revised questionnaire to determine to what extent these practices were indeed being applied in the classroom. The primary objective of the survey was to determine the character education practices of a particular high school in the North-West Province and to suggest guidelines for the implementation of a character education program. The empirical survey aided in achieving this objective. Findings of some concern, within the scope of six months, related to the general deterioration in the behaviour/habits of the learners at the school, inter alia the number of learners who smoke, drink, are aware of those who use drugs as well an increase in learners who tested positive for HIV/AIDS. In addition, almost half the learners indicated that they find it difficult to say "no" to negative peer pressure. It has been concluded that character education in schools offer a definite solution and that such a program can be integrated effectively into the existing curriculum. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Inom psykologin har det länge varit intressant att studera personligheter för att förklara individers beteenden. Ett välstuderat beteendemönster är om personer är prosociala eller inte. Prosociala är generösa mot andra och icke-prosociala ser till sin egen vinning. Tidigare studier har visat att personlighetsegenskaper som Big Five och socioekonomisk status kan påverka en persons generositet och förmodligen predicera prosocialitet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka personlighetsegenskaper som predicerar att en person är prosocial. Social önskvärdhet kontrolleras för att se om personer som beter sig socialt önskvärt även var prosociala. Social Value Orientation, ett ekonomiskt spel, användes i studien för att mäta om en person var prosocial. Resultatet baserades på 131 undersökningsdeltagares svar på en enkät. En multipel regressionsanalys visade att ingen prediktor förutom socioekonomisk status var relaterad till om en person var prosocial. Dock gick samtliga variabler i förutspådd riktning vilket är värt att lyfta fram.

A presente tese tem por objetivo analisar as decisões dos agricultores familiares de Frederico Westphalen/RS com relação à sucessão geracional nas suas propriedades, sob a ótica da teoria da decisão e orientações de valor, elencando os diferentes fatores que influenciam sucessores e sucedidos nesse processo. Para alcançar este propósito, além de análises bibliográficas e documentais acerca do tema e suas nuances, teorias balizadoras e elaboração de uma construção histórica dos sistemas agrários do campo empírico, considerando o papel de pessoas e instituições nessa construção, foi aplicado um questionário a 50 potenciais sucessores e a 50 sucedidos, buscando compreender os direcionamentos decisórios destes atores sobre sucessão. Os dados coletados a campo, entre os meses de julho e setembro de 2015, foram tabulados com o suporte estatístico do programa Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), gerando cruzamentos e informações relevantes acerca do tema e suas relações com o futuro das propriedades rurais familiares. O estudo mostra que a abertura de possibilidades e alternativas de aprimoramento acadêmico dos potenciais sucessores, mesmo em áreas agrícolas, tem oportunizado uma gama de escolhas profissionais que contribui para o constante desinteresse pela sucessão. A postura dos pais nessas situações também é condicionante para que o filho desperte ou não o interesse pela propriedade e tenha uma preparação adequada para assumi-la, sendo o incentivo dos sucedidos visto como um condicionador importante nas decisões dos potenciais sucessores O estudo aponta também para uma necessidade de pensar a sucessão geracional como um processo e não como uma decisão pontual. A participação dos filhos nas decisões cotidianas da propriedade, bem como na divisão dos resultados financeiros e das responsabilidades, mostram-se fatores determinantes para que esse processo aconteça. Além de delinear e analisar fatores influenciadores das decisões dos atores, o estudo classifica potenciais sucessores e sucedidos dentro das orientações de valor de Ruth Gasson (1973) – instrumental, social, expressiva e intrínseca. Comparando as orientações de pais e filhos, tem-se uma importante diferença de percepção. Assim, tem-se nas variáveis que influenciam o processo decisório dos atores e suas percepções e orientações de valor, atreladas à importância da agricultura familiar, como base de sustentação econômica e social local, a justificativa para que se estruturem alternativas viáveis em prol da manutenção do jovem no campo. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze the decisions of family farmers of Frederico Westphalen / RS regarding the generational succession in their properties, from the point of view of decision theory and value orientations, listing the different factors that influence successors and successors in this process. In order to achieve this purpose, besides bibliographical and documentary analyzes about the theme and its nuances, beacon theories and elaboration of a historical construction of the agrarian systems of the empirical field, considering the role of people and institutions in this construction, a questionnaire was applied to 50 potential successors and 50 family farmers, seeking to understand the decision making process direction of these actors over succession. The data collected in the field between July and September 2015 were tabulated with statistical support from the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), generating crosses and relevant information about the theme and its relations with the future of the properties rural areas. The study shows that the opening of possibilities and alternatives for academic improvement of potential successors, even in agricultural areas, has provided a range of professional choices that contributes to the constant lack of interest in succession. The parents attitude in these situations is also a condition for the child to arouse or not the interest for the property and to have adequate preparation to assume it, being the incentive of the successes seen as an important conditioner in the decisions of the potential successors The study also points to a need to think of generational succession as a process and not as a one off decision. The participation of the children in the daily decisions of the property, as well as in the division of the financial results and the responsibilities, are determining factors for this process to happen. In addition to outlining and analyzing factors influencing actors' decisions, the study ranks potential successors and succeeded within Ruth Gasson (1973) value orientations - instrumental, social, expressive, and intrinsic. Comparing the orientations of parents and children, one has an important difference of perception. Thus, the variables influencing the decision-making process of the actors and their perceptions and value orientations, linked to the importance of family agriculture, as a basis for local economic and social support, are the justification for structuring viable alternatives for maintenance the young man in the field.

A presente tese tem por objetivo analisar as decisões dos agricultores familiares de Frederico Westphalen/RS com relação à sucessão geracional nas suas propriedades, sob a ótica da teoria da decisão e orientações de valor, elencando os diferentes fatores que influenciam sucessores e sucedidos nesse processo. Para alcançar este propósito, além de análises bibliográficas e documentais acerca do tema e suas nuances, teorias balizadoras e elaboração de uma construção histórica dos sistemas agrários do campo empírico, considerando o papel de pessoas e instituições nessa construção, foi aplicado um questionário a 50 potenciais sucessores e a 50 sucedidos, buscando compreender os direcionamentos decisórios destes atores sobre sucessão. Os dados coletados a campo, entre os meses de julho e setembro de 2015, foram tabulados com o suporte estatístico do programa Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), gerando cruzamentos e informações relevantes acerca do tema e suas relações com o futuro das propriedades rurais familiares. O estudo mostra que a abertura de possibilidades e alternativas de aprimoramento acadêmico dos potenciais sucessores, mesmo em áreas agrícolas, tem oportunizado uma gama de escolhas profissionais que contribui para o constante desinteresse pela sucessão. A postura dos pais nessas situações também é condicionante para que o filho desperte ou não o interesse pela propriedade e tenha uma preparação adequada para assumi-la, sendo o incentivo dos sucedidos visto como um condicionador importante nas decisões dos potenciais sucessores O estudo aponta também para uma necessidade de pensar a sucessão geracional como um processo e não como uma decisão pontual. A participação dos filhos nas decisões cotidianas da propriedade, bem como na divisão dos resultados financeiros e das responsabilidades, mostram-se fatores determinantes para que esse processo aconteça. Além de delinear e analisar fatores influenciadores das decisões dos atores, o estudo classifica potenciais sucessores e sucedidos dentro das orientações de valor de Ruth Gasson (1973) – instrumental, social, expressiva e intrínseca. Comparando as orientações de pais e filhos, tem-se uma importante diferença de percepção. Assim, tem-se nas variáveis que influenciam o processo decisório dos atores e suas percepções e orientações de valor, atreladas à importância da agricultura familiar, como base de sustentação econômica e social local, a justificativa para que se estruturem alternativas viáveis em prol da manutenção do jovem no campo. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze the decisions of family farmers of Frederico Westphalen / RS regarding the generational succession in their properties, from the point of view of decision theory and value orientations, listing the different factors that influence successors and successors in this process. In order to achieve this purpose, besides bibliographical and documentary analyzes about the theme and its nuances, beacon theories and elaboration of a historical construction of the agrarian systems of the empirical field, considering the role of people and institutions in this construction, a questionnaire was applied to 50 potential successors and 50 family farmers, seeking to understand the decision making process direction of these actors over succession. The data collected in the field between July and September 2015 were tabulated with statistical support from the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), generating crosses and relevant information about the theme and its relations with the future of the properties rural areas. The study shows that the opening of possibilities and alternatives for academic improvement of potential successors, even in agricultural areas, has provided a range of professional choices that contributes to the constant lack of interest in succession. The parents attitude in these situations is also a condition for the child to arouse or not the interest for the property and to have adequate preparation to assume it, being the incentive of the successes seen as an important conditioner in the decisions of the potential successors The study also points to a need to think of generational succession as a process and not as a one off decision. The participation of the children in the daily decisions of the property, as well as in the division of the financial results and the responsibilities, are determining factors for this process to happen. In addition to outlining and analyzing factors influencing actors' decisions, the study ranks potential successors and succeeded within Ruth Gasson (1973) value orientations - instrumental, social, expressive, and intrinsic. Comparing the orientations of parents and children, one has an important difference of perception. Thus, the variables influencing the decision-making process of the actors and their perceptions and value orientations, linked to the importance of family agriculture, as a basis for local economic and social support, are the justification for structuring viable alternatives for maintenance the young man in the field.

Diploma work is sight on problems value orientation near contemporary pubescents. Work is partition into two parts: 1. In first, theoretic parts, they are explication basic concepts, that are in work mostly exploitation. More closely is explication period of pubescence, bodily and mental evolution. Further they are described values and determinants of development personalities. 2. Second, practical part, is sight on research, that is found on make-up ladders values and on questionnaire method. Practical part investigate with position laid values near contemporary pubescents.

Research into various human values is of great social significance, and that is why it is receiving increasing attention. In the past, we were confronted with a too narrow definition of the subject of social psychology as a science on attitudes. Today, we can consider values and the evaluation process as one of the main themes of social psychology. Values condition the behaviour of social groups and individuals, therefore it is expected that, in the near future, empirical research and theoretical processing of values will become one of the most essential tasks of social sciences. Applicability of values and the whole value system depends on social goals; goals, which a society sets, change with the change of social order and so does the system of values. Therefore, every change of the social order brings about also a reassessment of values. However, even within a given social structure changes in values occur in relation to the following social development and changing social needs. Research into values is associated with major methodological as well as methodical difficulties; a number of psychological methods applied in international studies are based on different socio-economic conditions. The optimum solution can be seen in the selection of the most common method (the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey test) in the Czech modification, which was applied, as the main research method, in a research into the values of university students in Ostrava. The method, despite its shortcomings, is appropriate for determining the basic trends in the value orientation of university students. In today{\crq}s hyped time, the issues of life values of young people are much discussed and written about. This diploma paper deals with the value orientation of students at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice and it also examines the factors that influence their directions of life. The theoretical part deals with the issue of philosophical, sociological and psychological concepts of values, culture and value system, value classifications and value orientation itself, the needs and attitudes related to the issue of values, the issues of values in various types of research studies focusing on the values of the youth, and the methods of studying values. At the end of the theoretical part, the value research results of other authors are presented. The practical part is dedicated to the research into value orientation that took place at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in the students specializing in the field called ``Specialist in Public Health Protection{\crq}q. The research examined the relations and attitudes of the students to emotional, social and material values. The method of questionnaire survey was used for data collection.

This thesis examines the values and value orientations of contemporary adolescents aged 18 and 19 years. Its character is theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on a brief description of adolescence in terms of developmental psychology. It also involves the specific issue of current adolescent theory and discusses the concepts of values, value orientation, typology and hierarchy of life values. The empirical part describes the implementation of the survey, processing the collected data and presents the results obtained. The aim is to compare, describe and evaluate the value systems of final grade students of fine different secondary school and also give a brief look at their life values and attitudes.

Ce travail repose sur le constat que l’introduction de nouveaux programmes affecte peu les pratiques enseignantes. Quatre facteurs de résistances ont été identifiés par la littérature : la logique de conception du document officiel, son mode d’introduction auprès des enseignants, la structure du texte et les conceptions éducatives à partir desquelles les enseignants définissent leur pratique. Pour traiter cette question du changement, nous nous plaçons en amont des pratiques enseignantes, au niveau du système de valeurs que mobilise l’enseignant pour aborder son métier. Nous formulons l’hypothèse qu’il est possible, dans le cadre particulier de l’éducation physique et sportive, d’affecter le système de valeurs des enseignants en déclinant concrètement la notion du développement personnel de l’élève dans un curriculum d’enseignement qu’ils mettront en oeuvre dans leur classe. Pour caractériser les systèmes de valeurs et mesurer les changements induits par l’introduction du curriculum, nous utilisons le modèle des orientations de valeurs (OV). Les résultats obtenus confirment en partie de l’hypothèse car une modification des systèmes de valeurs est constatée. Cette expérience confirme l’effet des éléments prélevés dans la littérature pour concevoir le curriculum et l’existence d’un lien entre l’évolution du profil d’OV et sa structure initiale. Cependant deux contradictions majeures questionnent la pertinence d’une approche strictement quantitative. Les profils initiaux des enseignants sont composés d’OV incompatibles entre elles et l’évolution des différentes OV durant l’expérience n’est pas conforme à celle identifiée par la littérature / This work lies on the analysis that the introduction of new programs only slightly affects teachers' practices. Four resisting factors have been identified by the literature: the conception logic of official documents, the way they are introduced to teachers, the structure of the text and finally, the educative conceptions from which teachers define their own practices. In order to deal with this issue of change, it was key to start upstream from teachers' practices, where lies the system ofvalues mobilized by the teacher to carry out his task. We will express the hypothesis according to which it is possible, under the particular frame of physical education (PE), to affect teachers' system of values in presenting the range of the notion of pupils' personal-development in a teaching curriculum during their PE lessons. In order to characterize the systems of values and measure the changes induced by the introduction of the curriculum, we use the values-orientation (VO) model.The obtained results partly confirm this hypothesis as a modification of the systems of values is noticed. This experience concurs with the effect of the elements picked up in the literature to conceive the curriculum and the existence of a link between the evolution of the VO profile and its original structure. However, two major contradictions raise questions on the relevance of a strictly quantitative approach. The teachers' original profiles are composed of incompatible VOs amongthemselves and the evolution of the different VOs during the experience disagrees with those coined by the literature