Submitted by Vitor Dias (vitor.dias@gvmail.br) on 2011-12-20T18:34:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Martins Dias - Dissertação Bancos Públicos e Desenvolvimento - Depósito Final.pdf: 1335280 bytes, checksum: 46e01f00f67716b186c7fe2002d7fe7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-12-21T10:09:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Martins Dias - Dissertação Bancos Públicos e Desenvolvimento - Depósito Final.pdf: 1335280 bytes, checksum: 46e01f00f67716b186c7fe2002d7fe7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-21T11:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Martins Dias - Dissertação Bancos Públicos e Desenvolvimento - Depósito Final.pdf: 1335280 bytes, checksum: 46e01f00f67716b186c7fe2002d7fe7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-29 / Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de estudar, entre diferentes modelos de organização econômica, aspectos da feição do arranjo financeiro brasileiro, com ênfase sobre os bancos públicos agentes de mercado no Brasil. A pesquisa está divida em uma etapa eminentemente jurídica, de sistematização e análise de normas e decisões judiciais; e uma leitura de economia política do contexto em que essas variáveis jurídicas estão inseridas. As normas pesquisadas analisam a constituição e o funcionamento do arranjo financeiro brasileiro, identificando elementos que constituem um maior protagonismo dos bancos oficiais no Sistema Financeiro Nacional, como, por exemplo, as funções de política econômica e mecanismos de poupança e depósito compulsórios. Entre outras normas, merecem destaque a Lei 4.595/64 e a Constituição Federal de 1988. A pesquisa de decisões judiciais, por sua vez, estuda o contexto e os principais argumentos de ações que envolveram um aspecto sensível na coexistência de bancos públicos e privados: a possibilidade de bancos oficiais depositarem e gerirem recursos em caráter de exclusividade. A leitura de economia política feita no segundo capítulo consiste em ampliar a lente de análise sobre o arranjo financeiro baseado em bancos públicos. Para tanto, serão analisados alguns modelos de organização econômica, divididos pela literatura de variedades de capitalismo em economias de mercado liberais e coordenadas. Ao interpretar esses modelos para o contexto econômico brasileiro, nota-se que o Brasil se valeu de mecanismos de coordenação distintos dos demais apresentados na literatura: uma coordenação pública da economia de mercado, enquanto alternativa para superar gargalos específicos do desenvolvimento econômico nacional. O Brasil, portanto, valendo-se de mecanismos de coordenação próprios, desenha o seu arranjo financeiro a partir de uma singularidade institucional: a possibilidade dos bancos oficiais poderem operar, exclusivamente, determinados recursos mesmo em uma economia de mercado; conta com mecanismos de coordenação eminentemente públicos, mas, ao mesmo tempo, deixando claro que existem mecanismos de mercado e concorrenciais estabelecidos e que devem ser observados. Essa dicotomia, entre bancos oficiais e privados, com um maior protagonismo dos bancos públicos em uma economia de mercado é que constitui, principalmente, essa singularidade institucional. / This thesis aims to study some institutional arrangements of the Brazilian financial sector, with focus on the role played by Brazilian public banks within the Brazilian economy. I start analyzing relevant norms and judicial opinions related to public banks. About former, I present the normative organization of the Brazilian financial system, and as for the latter I discuss different judicial opinions that decided upon the issue on whether public banks were permitted to monopolize some financial assets or not. Afterwards, I attempt to make a political economy reading about structuralism and varieties of capitalism and what this literature can tell about the context in which the norms, judicial opinions, and Brazilian public banks are embedded in order to understand how these institutions and organizations have changed during different political and economic regimes in Brazil. On the one hand, the norms and judicial opinions are relevant to understand the organization of the Brazilian financial system, which has opted to strengthen the role of government banks, e.g., by determining that they shall receive funds from compulsory saving mechanisms because they are relevant players for implementing economic policy in Brazil. Moreover, the judicial opinions provide relevant information on whether Brazilian public banks may maintain monopoly of assets in a market economy. On the other hand, the political economy analysis presented in the second chapter provides another layer to the study the maintenance of public banks in a market economy in Brazil. Whether Brazil lives a variety of capitalism or is path dependent on its public banks is a matter that needs a discussion, and the judiciary has an important role in this context. Therefore, I will analyze different models of economic organization regarding financial systems, using the varieties of capitalism literature for this purpose. Different from the countries studied by this literature, it is noted that Brazil has different coordination mechanisms, i.e., a public coordination of the market economy, which has been structured as an alternative to overcome specific problems of the Brazilian economic development. What has led to this institutional arrangement, how it has been structured, and what is the role of the judiciary in this process is what will be studied in this thesis.

The main argument of this thesis is that research has to take the institutional character of education seriously. Educational institutions carry considerable weight for outcomes of education and their design is a matter of intense political debate. This work focuses in particular on the institution of tracking that has wide-reaching consequences for the structure of education. The thesis consists of an introductory essay, together with three empirical essays. The empirical essays all acknowledge the main argument but study different outcomes and relationships connected to education. Essay I studies how the institutions of political economy and education together affect equality of income and equality of educational opportunity. This essay contributes to the literature by distinguishing the effects of the different institutions of political economy and education, as well as how they interact to affect the two contrasting conceptions of equality. The results reveal that tracking hinders equality of educational opportunity but is also related to better incomes for vocational education graduates in certain institutional settings. Wage bargaining coordination reinforces the more equal educational opportunities of weakly tracked contexts and improves the relative income of vocational graduates in these contexts. Essay II explores how education and tracking affect social trust. It makes two contributions. First, the empirical approach provides strong support for causal inference. Second, it is the first study to consider how tracking affects social trust. The empirical evidence finds no general effect of educational attainment on social trust, but decreasing tracking has a positive effect on social trust for individuals who come from weakly educated backgrounds. Essay III aims to explain cross-country differences in tracking by focusing on the impact of government partisanship. The study contributes to the literature by being the first comparative study to explore how partisan politics may explain differences in tracking and being one of few comparative studies there are on the topic at all. The results show that tracking is strongly related to a dominance of Christian democratic governments, whereas detracking reforms have mainly been carried out by social democratic governments.

Im Zentrum der Studie stehen erfolgreiche betriebliche Anpassungsprozesse im Prozess der ostdeutschen Industrietransformation. Trotz einer breiten Forschung zur ostdeutschen Transformation ist dieses Phänomen bislang weitgehend ununtersucht. Während die Transformationsforschung in weiten Teilen vor allem von der Erwartung einer Angleichung der ostdeutschen an die westdeutschen Strukturen geprägt ist, folgen die realen Anpassungsprozesse im Zuge der ostdeutschen Industrietransformation einer eigenen, durch die spezifischen ostdeutschen Problemlagen bestimmten Logik. Auf der Mikroebene der Unternehmen entwickelte sich so eine Unternehmenslandschaft mit spezifischen Strukturmerkmalen und Eigenheiten der von den Unternehmen verfolgten Geschäftsmodelle. Auf der Makroebene sind die Unternehmen mit aus Westdeutschland transferierten Institutionen konfrontiert, die im ostdeutschen Kontext teils nur schwach institutionalisiert und begrenzt funktionsfähig sind, auch wenn der Institutionentransfer formal als gelungen gilt. Dies gilt insbesondere für die industriellen Beziehungen und die duale Berufsausbildung als Kerninstitutionen des (west-) deutschen Kapitalismusmodells. Die Studie untersucht anhand von zwölf Unternehmensfallstudien die Entwicklung und Ausprägung erfolgreicher betrieblicher Anpassungsstrategien sowie die institutionelle Einbettung der von den Unternehmen verfolgten Geschäftsmodelle. Die Arbeit stellt dabei die ostdeutschen Akteure und ihr strategisches Handeln ins Zentrum der Forschungsperspektive. Sie vertritt die These, dass die besonderen ostdeutschen Rahmenbedingungen das Handeln der ostdeutschen Akteure wesentlich stärker prägen, als dies von der Transformationsforschung wahrgenommen wird. Auf der Mikroebene müssen Unternehmen und Betriebe sich mit eigenen Strategien insbesondere auch gegen westdeutsche Wettbewerber durchsetzen. Bei der Entwicklung von Wettbewerbsstärken sind sie vor allem auf vorhandene, zu DDR-Zeiten herausgebildete industrielle Kompetenzen verwiesen, die die Transformationsforschung überhaupt nicht als betriebliche Ressource anerkennt. Auf der Makroebene müssen sie mit Institutionen umgehen, die zwar dem westdeutschem Vorbild nachgebildet wurden, aber in Ostdeutschland nicht dieselbe Funktionalität entfalten. Trotzdem unterfüttert die institutionelle Einbettung ihrer Geschäftsmodelle die von den Unternehmen verfolgten Strategien. Abschließend diskutiert die Arbeit, inwiefern das komplementäre Zusammenspiel originärer Geschäftsmodelle und spezifischer Formen der Institutionalisierung für Ostdeutschland einen eigenen sozioökonomischen Entwicklungspfad begründet.