Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2496359 bytes, checksum: 3acf1d82313dda08bea8e0ab625fe65e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Salmonella enterica is a foodborne pathogen able to enter in viable but nonculturable state (VNC) in response to adverse environmental conditions. S. enterica is capable to produce (p)ppGpp, a nucleotide responsible for controlling gene expression at the level of transcription and translation in nutritional stress conditions. Due to gene expression determined by the accumulation of (p)ppGpp, S. enterica supports various environmental conditions. The aims of this work were to quantify by real time PCR the expression of the genes mreB, related to the cytoskeleton, and rpoS, which codifies stress response genes, in single and double mutants of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 deficient in the synthesis of (p)ppGpp, due to the mutation on gene relA, which codifies a GTP pyrophosphokinase, and, or spoT, which codifies guanosine-3',5'-diphosphate 3'-pyrophosphohydrolase, submitted to nutritional stress and cold shock; to induce these strains to VNC state in Butterfield phosphate solution (BPS), in the absence or presence of sodium chloride at 4 ºC and to evaluate the morphology of these strains in logarithmic growth phase and in VNC state. The expression of gene mreB was reduced in both mutant strains (single and double) after 25 days in stress condition. However, the double mutant presented an increase in rpoS gene expression after 25 days in the same stress condition. Wild and mutant strains of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 entered in VNC state after incubation in BPS in the absence or presence of sodium chloride at 4 °C, in different periods of time. Single and double mutant strains of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 in logarithmic growth phase presented filamentous cells. On the other hand, VNC cells of single and double mutants showed a reduction in diameter, volume and length and also transition from bacillary to coccoid form. In conclusion, the expression of mreB and rpoS genes in single and double mutant strains of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 was different when compared to the wild strain. There was also alteration in the morphology of cells in log phase when compared to the VNC cells of mutant strains of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578. However, the (p)ppGpp molecule is not essential for induction and permanence of this bacterium in VNC state. / Salmonella enterica é um patógeno de origem alimentar capaz de entrar no estado viável não cultivável em resposta a condições ambientais adversas. S. enterica é capaz de produzir (p)ppGpp, um nucleotídeo responsável pelo controle da expressão gênica no nível da transcrição e da tradução, em condições de estresse nutricional. Em razão da expressão gênica determinada pelo acúmulo de (p)ppGpp, S. enterica suporta condições ambientais variadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: quantificar por PCR em tempo real a expressão dos genes mreB, relacionado ao citoesqueleto e, rpoS, que codifica genes de resposta ao estresse, de estirpes mutantes simples e duplo da Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 deficientes na síntese de (p)ppGpp, em razão de mutação no gene relA, que codifica uma GTP pirofosfoquinase, e,ou spoT, que codifica guanosina-3',5'-difosfato 3'-pirofosfohidrolase submetidas aos estresses nutricional e choque frio; induzir essas estirpes ao estado VNC em solução fosfato de Butterfield (BPS) acrescida ou não de cloreto de sódio a 4 ºC e avaliar a morfologia dessas estirpes em fase logarítmica de crescimento e no estado VNC. A expressão do gene mreB foi reduzida para ambas as estirpes mutantes (simples e duplo) após 25 dias em condição de estresse. No entanto, o mutante duplo apresentou um aumento na expressão do gene rpoS após 25 dias nesta mesma condição de estresse. As estirpes de Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 selvagem e mutantes entraram no estado VNC após incubação em BPS acrescido ou não de cloreto de sódio a 4 °C em diferentes tempos. Estirpes de Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 mutantes simples e duplo em fase logarítmica de crescimento apresentaram células filamentosas. Em vez disso, células VNC de mutantes simples e duplo mostraram redução no diâmetro, volume e comprimento e também transição da forma bacilar para a forma cocoide. Concluiu-se que a expressão dos genes mreB e rpoS das estirpes de Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 mutantes simples e duplo difere da estirpe selvagem. Houve também mudança da morfologia entre as células da fase log e células VNC das estirpes mutantes de Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578. No entanto, a molécula de (p)ppGpp não é importante para indução e permanência no estado VNC desta bactéria.

O trabalho apresenta um estudo com a finalidade de verificar a aplicabilidade do Modelo do Sistema Viável (VSM Viable System Model) no projeto de uma arquitetura robusta de um Sistema de Informação voltado à área naval nuclear. A ênfase do estudo está em avaliar uma modelagem alternativa para a especificação da arquitetura do Sistema de Informação, incorporando o conjunto de funcionalidades especificadas pelo VSM, com o objetivo de fortalecer esta arquitetura. A estratégia desta pesquisa baseia-se em uma revisão bibliográfica relacionada ao VSM, aos Sistemas de Informação e a sua arquitetura, e às influências destes elementos na sobrevivência das organizações diante das mudanças constantes no ambiente. É apresentado um estudo de caso onde são mostrados os elementos teóricos do VSM e da arquitetura de SI aplicados na elaboração da arquitetura de um SI. O Sistema escolhido para esta aplicação é o Sistema de informação de incidentes nucleares (SIN) nas instalações onde são feitas pesquisas e desenvolvimento de tecnologia nuclear a ser aplicada na propulsão de um submarino. / The present work presents a study aiming to verify the applicability of the Viable System Model (VSM) in a robust architecture for an Information System targeting nuclear naval area. The emphasis of the study is in assessing an alternative modeling for the Information System (IS) architecture specification, incorporating a set of functionalities defined by the VSM, with the purpose of strengthening this architecture. The strategy of this research is based on a bibliographic revision on VSM, Information System and its architecture, and the influence of those elements in the survival of the organizations in a ever changing environment. It is presented one case study where it is showed the theoretical elements of the VSM and IS architecture applied on the development of a IS architecture. The selected system for this application is the IS for nuclear incidents (SIN) on the installations dedicated to research and development on nuclear technology applied to submarine propulsion system.

Abstract The plant can be considered a superorganism that consists of the plant per se and numerous populations of pro- and eukaryotic microorganisms. The interactions between the plant and endophytic microorganisms colonizing plant internal tissues are typically commensalistic or mutualistic. However, information on the role of endophytes in plant defense is limited because pathways are only partly known and systemic responses are typically not seen. The aim of this thesis was to study the priming capacities of endophytic Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290 on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Priming of plants by non-pathogenic bacteria allows the host to save energy and to reduce time needed for development of defense reaction during a pathogen attack. Priming phenomenon was demonstrated for Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290 as an activation of salicylic acid and jasmonate/ethylene-dependent defense pathways after challenge inoculation with the pathogen. Moderate activation of plant antioxidant system may also contribute to resistance induction by the strain. The viable but nonculturable state is presumably a survival strategy observed for the majority of bacterial endophytes. Pathogen attack or environmental changes can activate these quiescent forms. Thus Methylobacterium+ sp. IMBG290 became cultivable upon plant inoculation by nonpathogenic bacteria. I observed that the composition of the endophyte community changed in response to Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290 inoculation in shoot tissues and correlated with potato disease resistance and growth promotion. Therefore, the activation of endophytic bacterial populations as a putative mechanism of plant disease resistance was proposed. Endophytes have a high agricultural potential. Growth- and resistance-promoting capacities of Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290 on potato were highly variable depending on the cultivar, pathogen, inoculum density, and environmental conditions. Context-dependent efficacy requires more attention when designing complex microbial inoculants capable influencing positively plant growth, resistance, and nutritional properties. / Tiivistelmä Kasvia voidaan pitää superorganismina, joka koostuu kasvista itsestään ja lukuisista pro-ja eukaryottisista mikrobipopulaatioista. Kasvin ja sen sisäosia asuttavien endofyyttisten mikro-organismien väliset vuorovaikutukset ovat yleensä kommensalistisia tai mutualistisia. Endofyyttien rooli kasvin puolustuksessa on kuitenkin huonosti tunnettu, koska reitit tiedetään vain osittain eikä järjestelmällisiä vasteita usein havaita. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena oli tutkia endofyyttisen Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290-kannan kykyä vahvistaa perunan (Solanum tuberosum L.) puolustusta. Tautia aiheuttamattomat bakteerit kykenevät vahvistamaan kasvien puolustusta, mikä auttaa isäntäkasvia säästämään energiaa ja nopeuttamaan puolustusreaktiota patogeenihyökkäyksen aikana. Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290-kannan vahvistuskyvyn osoitettiin perustuvan salisyylihappo- ja jasmonaatti/etyleeni-riippuvaisten puolustusreittien aktivoimiseen patogeeni-istutuksen jälkeen. Antioksidanttijärjestelmän lievä aktivoituminen voi myös vaikuttaa kannan aiheuttamaan vastustuskyvyn lisääntymiseen. Suurimmalle osalle bakteeriendofyyteistä ‘elävä mutta viljelemätön’-olotila on luultavasti selviytymisstrategia. Patogeenihyökkäys tai muutokset ympäristössä voivat aktivoida tällaiset hiljaiset olomuodot. Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290-kanta muuttui viljeltävissä olevaan muotoon kun kasviin istutettiin tautia aiheuttamaton bakteeri. Selvitin, että endofyytti-yhteisön koostumus muuttuu vasteena Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290-kannan istuttamiseen kasvin verson solukoissa, korreloiden lisääntyneen perunan vastustuskyvyn ja kasvun kanssa. Siksi endofyyttisten bakteeripopulaatioiden aktivoitumista esitettiin uutena kasvin puolustusmekanismina. Endofyyteillä on suuret mahdollisuudet maataloudessa. Methylobacterium sp. IMBG290-kannan kasvua ja vastustuskykyä lisäävät ominaisuudet perunalla vaihtelivat lajikkeen, patogeenin, lisätyn bakteeriympin ja ympäristöolosuhteiden mukaan. Suunniteltaessa monimutkaisia bakteeriymppejä kasvien kasvin, vastustuskyvyn ja ravintosisällön lisäämiseksi, täytyy tällainen tilanteesta riippuva tehokkuus ottaa enemmän huomioon.

A North American university is engaged in a large transformation project involving the wholeorganisation. Students, Lecturers, departments and additional questions from the shared leadership team are engaging in defining the services offered, in particular from the university library and its associated sub-services. It is an exciting time for the University as it seeks to not only define its services but also how these can be created and consumed.There are many aspects to this re-organisation and many items to be addressed. In this report,we look at the current situation at the University, as well as taking into account the aspirations of the stakeholders. We start by drawing out a Rich Picture, part of Soft System Methodology (SSM) (Checkland, 1981) which we use in order to spot opportunities that are available for further exploration. Much of the information that we use comes from material supplied by the University itself as well as interviews with the Head of Library services and Head of Library IT. We look indepth at how SSM assists in this process of evaluation through its focus on participation and how it may assist us to understand the many different perspectives collected in our research. SSM consequently assists in defining problems with solutions to any areas that have drawn our attention. Following the evaluation of collected data, discussions and our own observations, we identify that a digital wall that is being proposed for the redesigned library presents an opportunity to explore possibilities for exploitation of this technology. Further research on other digital walls such as Brisbane’s Cube (Abdi et al, 2014), and Auraria Library’s Discovery Wall(Burch, 2016) shows some of the uses that these walls have been put to and how the Institutions use them. We then use a number of models to evaluate the data that we collected on digital walls and from the North American University and analyse it in order to inform our thinking. These models can be used independently or collectively to evaluate data from different perspectives. As such we were able to look at problems and solutions from the perspective of many of the actors involved in shaping the future library services. These models and results are discussed in the report. Finally, we take our results and make a number of proposals for the North American University digital wall along with the relevant justifications at the end of this report. / <p>This is a report in the Informatics course 5IK501 during the school year of 2016/2017.</p>

Debido al avance tecnológico podemos acceder a una amplia gama de información, la cual debe ser revisada, seleccionada y estructurada de acuerdo con la necesidad de cada colaborador (personalizamos el desarrollo). Pensamos que las brechas existentes demandaran un programa de capacitación personalizado en la organización a través de desarrollo de actividades, talleres, cursos en línea, que validaremos con la evaluación de desempeño de cada colaborador. Nuestra propuesta incrementará la rentabilidad de las organizaciones al contar con jefes empoderados y dotados de herramientas que les permitirá desarrollar un liderazgo transformador de su propio crecimiento profesional y el de sus colaboradores. Este proceso se medirá a través de diversos instrumentos de evaluación como: evaluación de la autogestión, encuestas de satisfacción del cliente externo y medición del desempeño. Por lo antes expuesto, podemos concluir que es aplicable a diferentes organizaciones porque es una metodología accesible, práctica e innovadora que se puede aplicar a todos los niveles de la organización. Asimismo, es viable administrativa y económicamente. / Due to technological innovations we can now access a wide range of information, which has to be revised, selected and structured to suit the need of each employee. (We personalize the development by making a personal action plan) In our opinion, the existing gaps will demand a personalized Training Program in the organization which will consist of the development of different activities, workshops, online courses, which will be validated with the performance evaluation of each employee. Our proposal will increase the revenues of the organizations due to the fact that we will be able to have empowered leaders who will be able to manage different tools that will enable them to perform a type of leadership that will have as a result not only self-professional growth but that of the members of their teams. This process will be measured through different evaluation tools like self-evaluation, internal and external client satisfaction surveys and employee's performance evaluation. Thus, we can conclude that our proposal is relevant and can be applied to different organizations, bearing in mind that it is a very accessible methodology, as well as practical and innovative, which can be used in every level of the organization. Likewise, it can be easily proved that it is a feasible tool, both financially and administratively. / Tesis

[pt] Muitas startups e até mesmo empresas de software tradicionais adotaram o uso de MVPs (sigla em inglês para Produto Mínimo Viável) para permitir experimentar rapidamente possibilidades de solução. O conceito de MVP tem influenciado a forma como as equipes de desenvolvimento aplicam as práticas de Engenharia de Software (ES). Entretanto, o entendimento geral desta influência dos MVPs sobre as práticas de ES ainda é pobre. Nosso objetivo é caracterizar o panorama de publicações sobre práticas que têm sido utilizadas no contexto dos MVPs de software e reunir insights dos profissionais sobre as práticas identificadas. Conduzimos um estudo de mapeamento sistemático usando uma estratégia de busca híbrida que consiste em uma busca em banco de dados e um snowballing das referências, para frente e para trás, de forma paralela. Posteriormente, discutimos os resultados do mapeamento em duas sessões de grupos de foco envolvendo doze profissionais da indústria que utilizam amplamente os MVPs em seus projetos para capturar suas percepções sobre os resultados do mapeamento. Identificamos 33 artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2020. Observamos algumas tendências relacionadas às práticas de ideação e avaliação de MVPs. Por exemplo, com relação à ideação, encontramos seis abordagens diferentes (e.g., Design Thinking, Lean Inception) e principalmente práticas informais de envolvimento do usuário final (e.g., workshops, entrevistas). Com relação à avaliação, há uma ênfase nas validações do usuário final baseadas em práticas como testes de usabilidade, testes A/B, e análise dos dados de uso. Entretanto, ainda há pesquisas limitadas relacionadas à avaliação de viabilidade técnica do MVP e estimativa de esforço. Os praticantes das sessões do grupo de foco reforçaram a confiança em nossos resultados no que diz respeito às práticas de ideação e avaliação, estando cientes da maioria das práticas identificadas. Eles também relataram como lidam com as avaliações de viabilidade técnica (envolvendo desenvolvedores durante a ideação e conduzindo experimentos informais) e estimativa de esforço na prática (com base na opinião de especialistas e usando práticas comuns a metodologias ágeis, como o Planning Poker). Nossa análise sugere que há oportunidades para propostas de soluções e estudos de avaliação para tratar de lacunas na literatura relativas à avaliação de viabilidade técnica e estimativa de esforço. Em geral, é necessário investir mais esforço na avaliação empírica das práticas existentes relacionadas ao MVP. / [en] Many startup environments and even traditional software companies have embraced the use of MVPs (Minimum Viable Products) to allow quickly experimenting solution options. The MVP concept has influenced the way in which development teams apply Software Engineering (SE) practices. However, the overall understanding of this influence of MVPs on SE practices is still poor. Our goal is to characterize the publication landscape on practices that have been used in the context of software MVPs and to gather practitioner insights on the identified practices. We conducted a systematic mapping study using a hybrid search strategy that consists of a database search and parallel forward and backward snowballing. Thereafter, we discussed the mapping study results in two focus groups sessions involving twelve industry practitioners that extensively use MVPs in their projects to capture their perceptions on the findings of the mapping study. We identified 33 papers published between 2013 and 2020. We observed some trends related to MVP ideation and evaluation practices. For instance, regarding ideation, we found six different approaches (e.g., Design Thinking, Lean Inception) and mainly informal end-user involvement practices (e.g., workshops, interviews). Regarding evaluation, there is an emphasis on enduser validations based on practices such as usability tests, A/B testing, and usage data analysis. However, there is still limited research related to MVP technical feasibility assessment and effort estimation. Practitioners of the focus group sessions reinforced the confidence in our results regarding ideation and evaluation practices, being aware of most of the identified practices. They also reported how they deal with the technical feasibility assessments (involving developers during the ideation and conducting informal experiments) and effort estimation in practice (based on expert opinion and using practices common to agile methodologies, such as Planning Poker). Our analysis suggests that there are opportunities for solution proposals and evaluation studies to address literature gaps concerning technical feasibility assessment and effort estimation. Overall, more effort needs to be invested into empirically evaluating the existing MVP-related practices.

[pt] Do crescente uso da bicicleta em grandes cidades emerge a necessidade de projetos urbanísticos que promovam a integração entre o modal cicloviário e os demais meios de transporte urbano, enquanto processos mais eficientes de manutenção dos caminhos cicláveis enfrentam a descontinuidade na administração pública com suas mazelas como a interrupção de projetos e a ausência de dados históricos. Este trabalho apresenta o conceito de Ciclovia Viável para áreas urbanas de metrópoles considerando o uso de indicadores modelados nas dimensões social, técnica e ambiental. O indicador proposto pode mitigar a ausência de dados estruturados servindo como ferramenta para planos de integração entre os modais e de conservação dos caminhos cicláveis. O quadro teórico revisado aponta para quatorze critérios voltados à avaliação de níveis mínimos de serviços no atendimento a demandas de ciclistas e orientados ao monitoramento da qualidade de ciclovias. O modelo do Índice da Ciclovia Viável é testado empiricamente por meio de levantamentos de campo em três ciclovias mantidas pela gestão pública municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Os seguintes indicadores são registrados: Ciclovia do Flamengo (Índice da Dimensão Social = 0,31, Índice da Dimensão Técnica= 0,88, Índice da Dimensão Ambiental= 0,82); Leme-Copacabana (IDS= 0,30, IDT= 0,82, IDA= 0,88) e Barra da Tijuca (IDS= 0,16, IDT= 0,78, IDA= 0,88). Percebe-se que a dimensão social figura como a menos favorecida nas três avaliações, significando um alerta de insuficiência de ciclovias com acessibilidade às pessoas que residem em áreas subnormais. / [en] The practice of cycling has been following our civilization for over a century. In recent decades, the so-called developed or developing countries have come to consider the cycling mode in their public policies, especially in urban mobility plans. In recent decades, the application of urban mobility policies by bicycles has gained prominence in the Brazilian scenario, especially in Rio de Janeiro. The history of Rio s bicycle lanes began in 1991, when the first bicycle lanes were built from a program for the redevelopment of the city s waterfront known as the Rio Orla. The program built 23 km of cycle paths intended primarily for leisure. From 1993, after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development - ECO92, based in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the Municipal Secretariat of Environment of the Rio de Janeiro City Hall was created. In 2010, the city incorporated the Rio - Urban Capital of Bicycle Mobility project into the Urban Mobility Plan - PMU as a transportation alternative and as a modal element for short distances and for the purpose of integrating Bus Rapid Transport - BRT systems. trains and subway. In 2008, the Rio de Janeiro city cycling plan had the goal of expanding its 150 km network in 2009 to 450 km by the end of 2016. However, a cycling infrastructure is not only sustained by its length, but a set of socio-spatial criteria is required for its effectiveness. The Ministry of Cities, in its Bicycle Mobility Plan in Cities (Ministério das Cidades, 2007), states that linking with different transport systems is a key factor for bicycles to be adopted by the population while traveling and that urban infrastructure in cities must adapt to this mode. The observation of the use of bicycles in large cities, with varied and constantly changing technologies and organizations, was the starting point of the research that used a bibliographic review in search of concepts and methods of evaluation of the service level and the quality of the bicycle lanes and cycle tracks. There are several bicycle lane settings, depending on their applications. Similarly, the concepts of service level and the qualitative evaluation applied to these infrastructures also vary. For this research, these concepts follow those of large metropolises around the world with characteristics of planned cities and contribute to a new concept, built here, called Viable Bicycle Path Index (VBI). Once the new concept is defined, it is now feasible to develop a model capable of aggregating relevant information for the assessment of bicycle paths. Therefore, after surveying studies on national and international bicycle-related indexes, Brazilian technical standards and norms and urban elements necessary for the formation of a viable bicycle path, this research presents a methodological design with several elements (dependent and independent variables) that represent the landscape around bicycle paths in neighborhoods of the city capital.

Design Thinking (designtänkande) är ett kundfokuserat förhållningssätt som används för att stödja innovation. Sedan starten har designtänkandet utvecklats från ett rättframt sätt att lösa tekniska designproblem till en komplex paraplykonstruktion för innovation och förhållningssättet har genom åren blivit ett allmänt accepterat och målinriktat tillvägagångssätt för effektiv produktutveckling. Flera av de praktiska användningsfallen som finns tillgängliga om designtänkande i forskning hänvisar till ett enskilt fall för att lösa specifika problem eller dess tillämpning i business-tocustomer företag. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att kritiskt undersöka hur designtänkande kunde implementeras i ett business-to-business (B2B)-företag med välutvecklade produktutvecklingsprocesser för att balansera kundfokus med produkt strategi. För att förstå effekterna av designtänkande i sådana företag undersöktes hinder som förhindrar designtänkandets implementering och möjligheterna med att införa det med hjälp av en fallstudie på Mycronic AB-kontoret i Täby, Sverige. Materialet i studien samlades in genom interna och externa kvalitativa intervjuer. Resultaten från intervjuerna användes för att föreslå ett ramverk och ett pilotprogram för att stödja Mycronic att införa principer för designtänkande i sin befintliga PDP. Målet med ramverket är att skapa förutsättningar för ett B2B-företag att anpassa sin produktutvecklingsprocess till designprinciper för att bättre förstå slutkundernas explicita och outtalade behov och behoven hos interna intressenter samt för att öka förmågan att identifiera rätt initiativ i ett tidigt skede av ett projekt. / Design Thinking (DT) is a customer centric approach for managing innovation. Since its inception, design thinking has evolved from a straight forward approach to solve engineering design problems into a complex umbrella construct for innovation and has over the years been widely accepted as a goal-oriented approach for effective product development. Several of the practical use cases available in the existing design thinking discourse refer to oneoff case for solving specific problems or its application in a business-to-customer set-up. Thepurpose of this master thesis was to critically examine how design thinking could be implementedin a business to business (B2B) company with well-developed product development processes(PDP) to balance customer centricity with product strategy. To understand the impact of design thinking in such companies, barriers preventing design thinking's implementation and the opportunities enabling its implementation were explored using a single case study approach at Mycronic AB office at Täby, Sweden. The material for the case study was gathered through internal and external qualitative interviews. The results from these interviews were used to propose a framework and pilot programs that would facilitate Mycronic to introduce design thinking principles to its existing product development process. The goal of the framework is to empowera business-to-business company with well-developed product development processes to adapt design thinking principles so as to increase their understanding of end customers' spoken and unspoken needs, recognize the needs of internal stakeholders, and improve their ability to secure the right initiatives in the early phase of a project.

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-04-09T17:14:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaGiongoDireito.pdf: 1393721 bytes, checksum: e3c98423d409555d74661ce93c754798 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T17:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaGiongoDireito.pdf: 1393721 bytes, checksum: e3c98423d409555d74661ce93c754798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-14 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação vincula-se à linha de pesquisa Sociedade, Novos Direitos e Transnacionalização do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos ? UNISINOS, apresentando a temática da garantia do meio ambiente saudável, como um direito fundamental, através da (re)construção da racionalidade ética social contemporânea, fundada na categoria da alteridade. Como objetivos específicos procurou-se caracterizar a sociedade contemporânea como sociedade de risco e a promoção dos direitos fundamentais nesse contexto; e identificar a possibilidade de garantia do meio ambiente saudável como um direito fundamental, através da (re)construção da racionalidade ética social na categoria da alteridade, permitindo uma sociedade humana e ecologicamente viável. A pesquisa estruturou-se através do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, desenvolvendose a partir de dois aportes teóricos distintos que serviram a propósitos diferenciados: Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais, desenvolvida por Niklas Luhmann, para observar a sociedade contemporânea e ilustrá-la como produtora de riscos, e o meio ambiente saudável como direito fundamental nesse contexto; e Ética da Alteridade, criada por Emmanuel Levinas, para a proposta de (re)construção da racionalidade ética social contemporânea como fundamento de uma sociedade humana e ecologicamente viável e hipótese conciliadora ao problema apresentado. Aplicou-se a categoria da alteridade ao meio ambiente, uma vez que se pode interpretá-lo como débil (ou frágil) em relação ao homem. A presente interpretação torna-se cabível em decorrência das decisões humanas, que representam um espaço intersubjetivo assimétrico para com o meio ambiente, em razão da produção e distribuição de novas espécies de riscos, os quais, sem precedentes históricos, possibilitam a destruição de toda a vida no planeta. Pôde-se concluir que ao se considerar o meio ambiente degradado como sendo o Outro, somos chamados a dar uma ?resposta? ao atual questionamento inserido pela crise ambiental, possibilitando à sociedade a abertura de uma relação de responsabilidade, ou seja, a uma relação ética e equilibrada com o meio ambiental. / This work is linked to the research line Society, New Rights and Transnationalization of the Graduate Program in Law, of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS,featuring the theme of ensuring a healthy environment as a fundamental right, through the (re) construction of contemporary social ethical rationality, founded on the category of otherness. As specific objectives tried to characterize contemporary society as risk society and the promotion of fundamental rights in this context; and identify the possibility of ensuring a healthy environment as a fundamental right, through the (re) construction of rationality in the category of social ethics otherness, allowing a human society and ecologically viable. The research was structured by the method of hypothetical-deductive approach, developing from two distinct theoretical contributions that have served for different purposes: Theory of Social Systems, developed by Niklas Luhmann, to observe the contemporary society and illustrate it as producer risk, and healthy environment as a fundamental right in this contex; and Ethics of Alterity, created by Emmanuel Levinas, for the proposed (re) construction of rationality contemporary social ethics as the foundation of human society and ecologically viable and conciliatory to the hypothesis problem presented. The category of otherness to the environment was applied, since it may interpret it as weak (or fragile) in relation to man. This interpretation becomes appropriate as a result of human decisions, which represent an intersubjective space asymmetrical with the environment, due to the production and distribution of new kinds of risks, which, without historical precedent, allow for the destruction of all life on the planet. It was concluded that when considering the degraded environment as the Other, we are called to give an answer to the current environmental crisis by questioning inserted, enabling the society to open a relationship of responsibility, in other words, a relationship ethics and balanced with the surrounding environment.

L'état Viable Non Cultivable (VNC) a été observé et décrit chez de nombreuses espèces bactériennes. Mais cet état métabolique a également été suggéré chez certaines cellules eucaryotes, et notamment chez les levures du vin comme Brettanomyces. L'état VNC chez cette levure a donc été étudié afin d'en déterminer les conditions d'entrée et de sortie, ainsi que les modifications morphologiques et métaboliques associées à cet état VNC. Une addition de sulfite (0,8 mg/L de SO2 moléculaire) induit un état VNC chez Brettanomyces, et une inactivation de ce sulfite par modification du pH du milieu permet une sortie de l'état VNC de la levure par un regain de cultivabilité. Dans les conditions VNC, la taille moyenne des cellules de Brettanomyces a été déterminée comme diminuée de 22% comparée à leur taille en condition contrôle. Ensuite, la capacité des cellules à produire des phénols volatils, éléments de contamination des vins, est conservée même lorsque les cellules sont en état Viable Non Cultivable. De plus, l'étude comparative des protéomes entre cellules de Brettanomyces témoin et cellules en état VNC montre une modification du métabolisme avec une diminution de la synthèse d'ATP compensée par une augmentation des protéines impliquées dans d'autres voies métaboliques de production d'énergie. Cette étude met donc en évidence pour la première fois l'existence de l'état VNC chez une espèce eucaryote et montre des points communs avec l'état VNC chez les cellules procaryotes. L'existence de cet état VNC chez Brettanomyces peut également engendrer des erreurs de détection. Un nouvel outil de détection par hybridation in situ et lecture par cytométrie en flux a donc été mis en place. Cette méthode permet ainsi la mise en évidence des cellules de Brettanomyces présentes en vin de façon efficace et rapide.