This research discusses the impacts of oil and gas extraction in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria on the right to health and the right to a healthy environment of the Niger Delta people. It highlights the importance of FDI in oil and gas sector development and the responsibility of multinational corporations towards human rights and environmental rights protection in developing host States where national laws and regulations may not be properly developed and adequate in protecting the people’s human rights. The work argues that BITs should rightly be employed in efforts to protect the right to health and a healthy environment against the excesses of oil and gas multinational corporations. The Niger Delta is used as a case study.

There are right to healthy environment and right to sustainable development analized in regard of climate change and degradation of Earth ecosystem as a whole in this paper. The aim of this issue is to identify at what level the nexus between two of the third generation human rights – the right to healthy and sound environment and right to sustainable development – is established in the framework of United Nations. The paper is structurized into three parts, where the typology of three generation human rights, so specific for United Nations, is discussed. There are also jurisprudence of main United Nations conventional human rights bodies overviewed in a prospective of the right to healthy environment and coordinative activity of the United Nations in accordance to sustainable development analized here.

L’objet de cette étude porte exclusivement sur le droit à un environnement sain en droit européen tel qu’il est décliné par les deux grands ordres juridiques européens, constitutifs de ce droit, à savoir celui du Conseil de l’Europe et celui de l’Union européenne. Il apparait fondamental de comprendre comment ces deux ordres juridiques à la fois complémentaires mais aussi concurrents peuvent se saisir de manière similaire ou au contraire sensiblement différente du grand enjeu que constitue le droit à un environnement sain. Le choix d’étudier le droit à un environnement dans un contexte européen est justifié par l’approche inédite offerte par le droit européen en tant que champ d’analyse. En effet, les deux organisations et leurs ordres juridiques respectifs, l’Union européenne et le Conseil de l’Europe, sont deux systèmes qui œuvrent différemment, qui sont animées par des objectifs singuliers mais qui n’excluent pas pour autant certains rapprochements. Ainsi le droit à un environnement sain en Europe est le plus souvent appréhendé sous deux angles distincts. D’un côté, l’angle « droit de l’hommiste » très privilégié par le Conseil de l’Europe qui revendique son rôle de pionnier dans la protection des droits de l’homme, de la démocratie et de l’État de droit. D’un autre côté, l’Union européenne, conçue d’abord comme une Union économique et qui est une organisation qui reste fondamentalement animée par des objectifs économiques. Certes, l’UE défend et protège aussi les droits de l’homme. Mais l’environnement sain ou le niveau de protection élevé de l’environnement qui constitue son corolaire est plus fréquemment confronté aux libertés fondamentales garanties par l’UE, en particulier la libre circulation dans le cadre du marché intérieur. Cette balance entre approche droit de l’homme et approche marché intérieur est très spécifique au droit de l’Union. Le droit européen sera étudié dans une approche systémique, c’est-à-dire en tant que processus de production des normes. Cette singularité du droit européen à l’environnement sain et sa dynamique méritent d’être appréhendées tant du point de vue de la reconnaissance de droit que de sa mise en œuvre, dont on verra qu’elle est animée par des ressorts propres à chacune des grandes organisations, mais qui ne sont pas forcément exclusifs les uns des autres. / The subject of this study focuses exclusively on the right to a healthy environment in European law as it is defined by the two major European legal systems which constitute this right: Council of Europe and European Union. It seems fundamental to understand how these two complementary but also competing legal orders can be seized in a similar way or, on the contrary, significantly different from the great challenge of the right to a healthy environment. The choice to study the right to an environment in a European context is justified by the special approach offered by European law as a field of analysis. Indeed, the two organizations and their respective legal orders, the European Union and the Council of Europe, are two systems that work differently, which are driven by singular objectives but which do not exclude certain reconciliations. Thus the right to a healthy environment in Europe is most often apprehended from two different approaches. On the one hand, the "droit de l’hommiste" angle, very much favored by the Council of Europe, which claims its pioneering role in the protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law . On the other hand, the European Union, first conceived as an Economic Union and an organization that remains fundamentally driven by economic objectives. Of course, the EU also defends and protects human rights. But the healthy environment or the high level of environmental protection that is its corollary is more frequently confronted with fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the EU, in particular freedom of movement within the framework of the internal market. This balance between the human right approach and the internal market approach is very specific to EU law. European law will be studied in a systemic approach: process of norm production. This specificity of European law to the healthy environment and its dynamics deserve to be apprehended both from the point of view of the recognition of right and its implementation, which we will see that it is animated by springs specific to each of organizations, but which are not necessarily exclusive of each other.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanaldoSSJ.pdf: 1689543 bytes, checksum: f639e03fbb6c1d5cf779099616f0de68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / The Article 225 of Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil in its main body, stipulates that everyone is entitled to ecologically balanced environment and the use of common people and essential to the healthy quality of life, should be imposed on public authorities and the community the duty to defend it and preserve it for present and future generations. Following a universal trend, the letter raised the Brazilian environment the category of one of those values ideals of social order, dedicating it, along with a constitution of rules sparse, a chapter, itself, which definitely, institutionalized the right to healthy environment as a fundamental right of the individual. The national public policies and state should be in line with modern theories of Sustainable Development, outlined within the international society, and certainly instruments that should be made effective through the mobilization of civil society as a whole. The implementation of Human Rights, in fact, depends on a strong political action and not just a legal problem. Thus, this work of theoretical-descriptive nature we will address various dimensions of sustainable development, such as environmental education, water, sanitation, health and sustainable development plans, evaluating its current stage in our state / O art. 225 da Constitui??o da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil de 1988, em seu caput, prev? que todos t?m direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, bem de uso comum do povo e essencial ? sadia qualidade de vida, devendo ser imposto ao poder p?blico e ? coletividade o dever de defend?-lo e preserv?-lo para as presentes e futuras gera??es. Seguindo uma tend?ncia universal, a Carta brasileira erigiu o meio ambiente ? categoria de um daqueles valores ideais da ordem social, dedicando-lhe, a par de uma Constitui??o de regras esparsas, um cap?tulo, pr?prio, que definitivamente, institucionalizou o direito ao ambiente sadio como um direito fundamental do indiv?duo. As pol?ticas p?blicas nacionais e estaduais devem ficar em conson?ncia com as modernas teorias acerca do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel, delineadas no seio da sociedade internacional, sendo indubitavelmente instrumentos que dever?o ser tornados eficazes mediante a mobiliza??o da sociedade civil como um todo. A concretiza??o dos Direitos Humanos, de fato, depende de uma forte atua??o pol?tica, n?o sendo apenas um problema jur?dico. Desta forma, nesta disserta??o de natureza te?rica-descritiva iremos abordar diversas dimens?es do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel, como Educa??o Ambiental, recursos h?dricos, saneamento b?sico, sa?de e planos de desenvolvimentos sustent?veis, avaliando o seu atual est?gio no nosso estado

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis, description and usage of sensor data from an intelligent home system. This term also describes the intelligent system BeeeOn, which provides a sensor data and the possibility of extending this system to automation tasks. This is followed by the analysis of all the measured physical quantities, their properties and their influence on humans. The results from the measured data were used to create a classifier based on deep neural networks to detect current events at home. Detected events can be used for the following automation system to help improve living conditions. At the end of this thesis are discussed the results and options to continue with this project.

Title: Healthy lifestyle in curriculum of preschool-age Goal: The aim of this thesis was to determinate an extent of attention to healthy lifestyle in curriculum of preschool-age children. Futhermore the thesis monitored an attitude of selected kindergarten towards issues of healthy lifestyle of children. Research: A quantitative (non-standardized questionnaire) and a qualitative (interview) method as the research method was used. Results: In conclusion, selected kindergarten pay sufficient attention to various parts of healthy lifestyle of preschool-age children. We discovered differences by Montessori kindergarten among the others. Keywords: kindergarten, curriculum of preschool education, healthy lifestyle, physical activity, healthy diet, mental peace, healthy environment

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-04-09T17:14:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaGiongoDireito.pdf: 1393721 bytes, checksum: e3c98423d409555d74661ce93c754798 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T17:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaGiongoDireito.pdf: 1393721 bytes, checksum: e3c98423d409555d74661ce93c754798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-14 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação vincula-se à linha de pesquisa Sociedade, Novos Direitos e Transnacionalização do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos ? UNISINOS, apresentando a temática da garantia do meio ambiente saudável, como um direito fundamental, através da (re)construção da racionalidade ética social contemporânea, fundada na categoria da alteridade. Como objetivos específicos procurou-se caracterizar a sociedade contemporânea como sociedade de risco e a promoção dos direitos fundamentais nesse contexto; e identificar a possibilidade de garantia do meio ambiente saudável como um direito fundamental, através da (re)construção da racionalidade ética social na categoria da alteridade, permitindo uma sociedade humana e ecologicamente viável. A pesquisa estruturou-se através do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, desenvolvendose a partir de dois aportes teóricos distintos que serviram a propósitos diferenciados: Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais, desenvolvida por Niklas Luhmann, para observar a sociedade contemporânea e ilustrá-la como produtora de riscos, e o meio ambiente saudável como direito fundamental nesse contexto; e Ética da Alteridade, criada por Emmanuel Levinas, para a proposta de (re)construção da racionalidade ética social contemporânea como fundamento de uma sociedade humana e ecologicamente viável e hipótese conciliadora ao problema apresentado. Aplicou-se a categoria da alteridade ao meio ambiente, uma vez que se pode interpretá-lo como débil (ou frágil) em relação ao homem. A presente interpretação torna-se cabível em decorrência das decisões humanas, que representam um espaço intersubjetivo assimétrico para com o meio ambiente, em razão da produção e distribuição de novas espécies de riscos, os quais, sem precedentes históricos, possibilitam a destruição de toda a vida no planeta. Pôde-se concluir que ao se considerar o meio ambiente degradado como sendo o Outro, somos chamados a dar uma ?resposta? ao atual questionamento inserido pela crise ambiental, possibilitando à sociedade a abertura de uma relação de responsabilidade, ou seja, a uma relação ética e equilibrada com o meio ambiental. / This work is linked to the research line Society, New Rights and Transnationalization of the Graduate Program in Law, of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS,featuring the theme of ensuring a healthy environment as a fundamental right, through the (re) construction of contemporary social ethical rationality, founded on the category of otherness. As specific objectives tried to characterize contemporary society as risk society and the promotion of fundamental rights in this context; and identify the possibility of ensuring a healthy environment as a fundamental right, through the (re) construction of rationality in the category of social ethics otherness, allowing a human society and ecologically viable. The research was structured by the method of hypothetical-deductive approach, developing from two distinct theoretical contributions that have served for different purposes: Theory of Social Systems, developed by Niklas Luhmann, to observe the contemporary society and illustrate it as producer risk, and healthy environment as a fundamental right in this contex; and Ethics of Alterity, created by Emmanuel Levinas, for the proposed (re) construction of rationality contemporary social ethics as the foundation of human society and ecologically viable and conciliatory to the hypothesis problem presented. The category of otherness to the environment was applied, since it may interpret it as weak (or fragile) in relation to man. This interpretation becomes appropriate as a result of human decisions, which represent an intersubjective space asymmetrical with the environment, due to the production and distribution of new kinds of risks, which, without historical precedent, allow for the destruction of all life on the planet. It was concluded that when considering the degraded environment as the Other, we are called to give an answer to the current environmental crisis by questioning inserted, enabling the society to open a relationship of responsibility, in other words, a relationship ethics and balanced with the surrounding environment.

Cette thèse interroge le statut juridique de la nature à travers une analyse théorique. Réfléchir sur le statut de la nature revient à questionner la singularité du lien qui lie l’homme à la nature : s’agit-il d’une mise en rapport induisant une échelle de valeur avec la hiérarchie qui l’accompagne, ou plutôt d’une mise en relation sans hiérarchie mais avec des liens d’interdépendance ? Finalement l’idée est de sortir d’une logique dualiste séparant l’homme de la nature. La nature est réifiée par le droit. Objet du droit, défini par et pour l’homme, elle est qualifiée de chose, de bien ou encore de patrimoine. Mais cette thèse est avant tout le constat d’une évolution du statut de la nature, qui ne peut plus être considérée aujourd’hui seulement comme un objet. L’évolution socio-politique accompagne un mouvement tendant à sa subjectivisation progressive. S’opère alors un rééquilibrage « désacralisant » l’homme quand il persiste à se couper du reste de la nature / This thesis questions the legal status of nature through a theoretical analysis. Reflecting on the status of nature is tantamount to questioning the singularity of the link between man and nature: is it a relationship that induces a scale of value with a subsequent hierarchy, or rather a relationship without hierarchy but with links of interdependence? Eventually, the idea is the idea is to escape from a dualistic logic separating man from nature. Nature is first reified by law. Object of law, defined by and for men, nature is considered as a thing, a good or an heritage. But this thesis is above all the observation of an evolution of the status of nature which can no longer be considered today only as an object. The socio-political evolution accompanies a movement aiming at the progressive subjectivization of nature. A rebalancing then occurs, "desacralizing" man as he persists in cutting himself from the rest of nature

De plus en plus, le bruit est considéré comme une véritable pollution. dans le passé, les carrioles, les sabots des chevaux sur les pavés causaient déjà des nuisances aux habitants des villes. dès le xixe siècle, l'évolution de l'industrialisation entraîna une augmentation de la machinerie, qui ne fit qu'augmenter les nuisances sonores. aujourd'hui, le bruit est la cause de nombreuses plaintes. en conséquence, réduire la pollution sonore est devenu une question majeure du fait de ses effets sur la santé humaine. le bruit peut affecter le sommeil, le système cardiovasculaire, le système cérébral, particulièrement le développement cérébral des enfants. il peut causer des déficiences mentales, des problèmes de concentration et des pertes de mémoire. c'est un problème de santé publique. mais le bruit peut aussi entraîner la commission de crimes ou de suicides ! c'est aussi une question d'ordre public.en france, il existe certains dispositifs juridiques de contrôle des émissions sonores et de lutte contre les nuisances, particulièrement depuis la loi « bruit » de 1992. diverses dispositions ont été codifiées dans le code de l'environnement, les classant en fonction des différentes sources de bruit, mais aussi dans d'autres codes, notamment le code de l'urbanisme. il existe une police environnementale du bruit dont le maire et le préfet sont les deux autorités compétentes. tous ces moyens permettent de pallier les problèmes dûs au bruit à court ou à moyen terme.cependant, aujourd'hui, au regard de la préoccupation de développement durable, il convient de penser aux générations futures et de mettre en place des nouveaux moyens de régulation de la pollution sonore, à long terme. le droit de l'urbanisme apparaît comme le moyen privilégié d'atteindre ce but. le bruit pourrait être régulé par une utilisation plus rationnelle des sols… le but de ma recherche est d'analyser quel type de relation existe entre droit du bruit et droit de l'urbanisme et de mettre en évidence vers quelle forme d'urbanisme la société évolue sous l'influence combinée de l'écologie et de la question sonore, notamment à travers les objectifs posés par le grenelle de l'environnement et les lois adoptées en conséquence. / Noise is considered as a real pollution for the quality of life. Law has been requested to respond the multi-form cases of noise pollution. The matter is firstly the concern of environmental law. It is especially treated in a sectorial way. Town planning law also seizes the question, in a diffuse way, as environmental issue, or in a specific way when noise pollutions are directly caused by the use of grounds.However, under the influence of more and more pervasive environmental law, and further to the new legislation resulting from the Grenelle of the environment, town planning law underwent a deep transformation. It has been rewritten on the basis of new environmental objectives and of sustainable development. Town planning law also absorbs many other juridical sectors. Therefore it appears as a global space law and living environment law, allowing to improve the sound context.The perception of noise has changed, as well as its consideration into town planning law. Town planning law can be considered as a favorable measure to develop a more global and unified approach of the very composite legal system against noise pollution.The study of the relationship between noise and town planning highlights new manners to consider noise into space and living environment, differently from the classic approach imposed by environmental law.