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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Domácí násilí ve společnosti / Domestic violence in society

Trnková, Martina January 2012 (has links)
English abstract Domestic violence in society This thesis is divided into two parts to reflect the definition of domestic violence as a very broad social (gender) and legal term. The opening chapter provides an introduction to the theory of domestic violence along with en explanation of its elementary features and concepts. The chapter describes domestic violence as a societal problem which - in the light of statistically proven (and surprisingly frequent) occurrence and presumptive high latency - cannot be put aside as a marginal pathological phenomenon. Such (erroneous) conclusion, however, is tempting since there are many myths around intimate violence, as is a general misapprehension that both victims of domestic violence as well as persons abusing their close relatives can be unmistakably identified. The author of this work aspires to refute such conclusions by pointing to criminological as well as victimological specifics of a person that is the victim or perpetrator of domestic violence. The second chapter explores the factors of feminization of domestic violence, including the aspects of gender, gender socialization and its dynamics, discrimination and violence against women. Worldwide, domestic violence is still considered a subcategory of violence against women, despite the facts that anyone can...
72

Amicus curiae participation, gender equality and the South African Constitutional Court

Spies, Amanda 14 August 2014 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Law, 2014 / This study is interested in questions of law and social change, with a particular focus on how litigation can be used strategically to change the law to benefit women. Given law’s patriarchal nature, feminist litigators have often asked questions about whether, and how the law can be used to reflect women’s experience and to improve women’s lives. In this sense, the feminist project in law considers how feminist theory and methodology can be used in constructing legal arguments that seek the improvement of women’s rights and gender equality. The focal point of this study is amicus curiae participation and how this participation is employed by means of feminist litigation strategy so that it enhances rights-claiming and advances gender equality for women within the court system. I examine the way in which amicus curiae participation promotes litigation from a feminist and gendered viewpoint and validates the employment of feminist method to create effective arguments. The main body of the dissertation is dedicated to a case analysis of the Constitutional Court’s core gender jurisprudence and the amici curiae that have participated in these matters. The case discussions are divided into three categories: violence against women, women as part of cultural communities, and specific areas of vulnerability including prostitution and domestic partnerships (between heterosexual couples). The purpose of this analysis is to establish whether the amici curiae that have participated in these matters were able to influence judicial decisions, and how the amici used litigation to communicate a feminist and gendered viewpoint. The study concludes that, whether the relevant amici curiae participation had a direct or indirect impact on judicial decisions or not, its importance lies in engaging the law from a feminist and gendered viewpoint to create awareness of gender inequality, how this inequality is entrenched in the legal system and how it might be remedied.
73

Tingsrätt eller genuskorsett? : En kvalitativ studie om framställningen av kvinnor och män i Sveriges Tingsrätt / Court system or gender corset? : A qualitive thesis about the portrayal of women and men in the Swedish court system

Persmo, Elin January 2019 (has links)
This sociological thesis has focus om men´s violence against women, both general and domestic. My aim is to examine how the Swedish court system portrays women as victims and men as offenders in cases with men´s violence against women. I also have a special focus on the perspective of the construction of gender. I executed the thesis by using two qualitive methods; thematic content analysis and observations. The empirical material consisted mainly of court case documents but also of the field notes I took during the observations of two court hearings. My theoretical framework consists of the gender system by Yvonne Hirdman (2003) which mainly describes the different societal positions of power men and women possess and what consequences it has. I’ve also used a victim discourse which examines how victims are expected to act, and react, in connection to be a victim of crime. The thesis showed that the court system in my material maintains stereotypical gender norms regarding the theory of the gender system. It showed considerations based on men´s superior positions and women´s subordinate positions according to the same system. It also showed that the female victims are expected to react according to what the court system see suitable; which in my analyzed cases meant a display of the correct feelings. If the correct feelings were not present, it could affect the outcome of the trial.
74

Percepções de médicos e enfermeiros acerca da violência contra a mulher: uma análise comparativa / Doctors and nurses\' perceptions of violence against women: a comparative analysis

Hasse, Mariana 30 August 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido como subprojeto integrante da pesquisa A Interface Entre a Ocorrência e o Atendimento de Violência de Gênero Entre Mulheres Usuárias dos Serviços de Saúde da Rede Pública de Ribeirão Preto. A violência contra a mulher é uma das expressões mais perversas da subordinação feminina e gera graves conseqüências para as pessoas que vivenciam o seu ciclo. Mulheres nessa situação buscam frequentemente os serviços de saúde, que possuem um alto poder de detecção da violência. Porém, há uma série de dificuldades por parte dos profissionais, médicos e enfermeiros, em identificar e prestar assistência adequada a essas mulheres. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar comparativamente as percepções de médicos e enfermeiros que atuam na rede de saúde de Ribeirão Preto acerca da violência contra a mulher buscando formas de aprimorar a assistência prestada. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando um banco de dados de 14 entrevistas com médicos e 10 com enfermeiros, realizadas por meio de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Por meio de análise de conteúdo temático foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: 1) Percepções sobre gênero; 2) Percepções sobre a violência contra a mulher; 3) Sobre atuação profissional; e 4) Sobre a rede de proteção. Tais categorias foram divididas em diversas subcategorias que foram analisadas a partir do referencial de gênero. Os resultados mostraram que há muitas semelhanças nas percepções relativas às questões de gênero, que são ainda bastante tradicionais. Os profissionais entendem que a violência contra a mulher ocorre devido às desigualdades perpetuadas pelo sistema social e que acabam por justificar a violência. Eles reconhecem os tipos de violência existentes e estão aptos a identificar e acolher as mulheres nos serviços de saúde, reconhecendo tais ações como suas responsabilidades. Porém, muitas vezes não o fazem por barreiras como a própria estrutura dos serviços, a falta de capacitação e aspectos emocionais, que dificultam o acolhimento e a orientação adequados. Também identificamos que a rede de apoio existente ainda é desconhecida por muitos dos profissionais e, diversas vezes, está estruturada de forma inadequada para atender às demandas existentes. Assim, é fundamental o desenvolvimento de capacitações para os profissionais da área de saúde com o objetivo de prepara-los para uma melhor assistência às mulheres em situação de violência e para o conhecimento da rede de proteção existente. Além disso, é urgente que a estrutura dos serviços seja repensada em diversos aspectos para que os princípios do SUS e as ações de humanização possam, de fato, ser colocadas em prática. / This study was conducted as part of the larger research project \"The interface between the occurrence and treatment of gender violence among women who are users of public health care in Ribeirão Preto. Violence against women is one of the most perverse forms of female subordination and leads to serious consequences to those affected by it. Women in such conditions frequently seek health care services, which are highly capable of detecting violence. However, there are a number of obstacles faced by professionals, doctors and nurses, in order to identify and provide proper assistance to these women. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze how doctors and nurses who work in the public health care system in Ribeirão Preto perceive violence against women with a view to improving the quality of services. To attain this goal, this qualitative study made use of a database of 14 interviews with doctors and 10 with nurses following a semistructured script. Following thematic content analysis, the following categories have been established: 1) Perceptions about gender; 2) Perceptions about violence against women; 3) About the jobs; and 4) About the protection network. These categories were further divided into subcategories that were analyzed by taking gender as a reference. The findings show that there are many similarities across perceptions concerning gender issues, which are still quite traditional. Professionals believe that violence against women occurs as a result of inequalities that have been perpetuated by the social system and that ultimately justify such violence. They recognize the existing types of violence and are ready and able to identify women and offer them assistance within the health care system, which they regard to be part of their responsibilities. However, they frequently cannot do that due to barriers such as how the services are structured, lack of training, and emotional aspects, which make both reception and counseling difficult. It has also been found that the existing support network is still unknown to many professionals and, very often, that it is inadequately organized to meet current demands. Thus, it is essential to develop the skills of health care professionals in order to prepare them both to provide better assistance to women who have been affected violence and to know about the existing protection network. In addition, there is the urgent need to rethink the organization of services at various levels so that the principles of SUS - the universal health care system - and humanization actions can actually be put into practice.
75

Violência institucional em maternidades públicas: hostilidade ao invés de acolhimento como uma questão de gênero / Institutional Violence in State-run Maternity Facilities: hostility instead of care as a gender question

Aguiar, Janaina Marques de 14 May 2010 (has links)
A violência institucional em maternidades é tema de estudo em diversos países. Pesquisas demonstram que além das dificuldades econômicas e estruturais, freqüentes nos serviços públicos, encontram-se, subjacentes aos maus tratos vividos pelas pacientes, aspectos sócio-culturais relacionados a uma prática discriminatória quanto a gênero, classe social e etnia. A hipótese deste trabalho é a de que a violência institucional em maternidades é, fundamentalmente, uma violência de gênero que, pautada por significados culturais estereotipados de desvalorização e submissão da mulher, a discrimina por sua condição de gênero e a toma como objeto das ações de outrem. Essa violência se expressa, de forma particular, no contexto da crise de confiança que a medicina tecnológica contemporânea engendra, com a fragilização dos vínculos e interações entre profissionais e paciente. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar como e porque a violência institucional acontece nas maternidades públicas no contexto brasileiro. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de corte qualitativo com 21 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com puérperas atendidas em maternidades públicas do município de São Paulo e 18 entrevistas com profissionais de saúde que atuam em diferentes maternidades, do mesmo município e adjacentes. A análise do material buscou relatos de violência institucional nos depoimentos e os valores e opiniões associados. Os dados revelaram que tanto as puérperas quanto os profissionais entrevistados reconhecem práticas discriminatórias e tratamento grosseiro no âmbito da assistência em maternidades públicas com tal frequência que se torna muitas vezes esperado pelas pacientes que sofram algum tipo de maltrato. Dificuldades estruturais, a formação pessoal e profissional, e a própria impunidade desses atos foram apontados como causas para a violência institucional. Os relatos também demonstraram uma banalização da violência institucional através de jargões de cunho moralista e discriminatório, usados como brincadeiras pelos profissionais; no uso de ameaças como forma de persuadir a paciente e na naturalização da dor do parto como preço a ser pago para se tornar mãe. Consideramos que a banalização da violência aponta para a banalização da injustiça e do sofrimento alheio como um fenômeno social que atinge a toda sociedade; para a fragilização dos vínculos de interação pessoal entre profissionais e pacientes e para a cristalização de estereótipos de classe e gênero que se refletem na assistência a essas pacientes, além de contribuir para a invisibilidade da violência como tema de reflexão e controle institucional / Institutional violence in maternity facilities is the subject of study in several countries. Researches show that besides economic and structural difficulties, which are frequent in state-run facilities, there are, underlying the abuse experienced by patients, socio-cultural aspects related to a discriminatory practice towards gender, social class and ethnicity. The hypothesis of this work is that institutional violence in maternity facilities is essentially a gender-based violence which, guided by stereotypical cultural meanings of devaluation and subjugation of woman, discriminates her by her gender condition and takes her as object of others actions. This violence is expressed particularly in the context of the confidence crisis that contemporaneous medical technology engenders, with the weakening of bonds and interactions between professionals and patient. The objective of this study was to investigate how and why the institutional violence occurs in state-run maternity facilities in the Brazilian context. The work was carried out through qualitative research with 21 semi-structured interviews with birthing women treated at state-run maternity facilities in city of São Paulo and 18 interviews with health professionals working in different facilities in São Paulo and adjacent cities. The analysis of the material sought reports of institutional violence in the statements of the people interviewed and the values and opinions associated to them. The data showed that both birthing women and professionals interviewed acknowledge discriminatory practices and rude treatment in the state-run maternity facilities to such a degree that it is often expected by patients to suffer some kind of mistreatment. Structural difficulties, personal and professional education, and even the impunity of such acts were identified as causes of institutional violence. The reports also showed a trivialization of institutional violence through the use of moralistic and discriminatory jargon, used in jokes by professionals; through the use of threats as a way to persuade the patient and through the idea of naturalization of labor pain as the price to be paid to become a mother. We believe that the trivialization of violence points to the trivialization of injustice and suffering of others as a social phenomenon that affects the whole society, to the weakening of the ties of personal interaction between professionals and patients and for the crystallization of stereotypes of class and gender that reflect in the care for these patients, besides contributing to the invisibility of violence as a theme for reflection and institutional control
76

O conhecimento dos profissionais médicos e enfermeiros das unidades básicas distritais de saúde de Ribeirão Preto - SP acerca da violência contra a mulher cometida por parceiro íntimo / The knowledge of nurses and physicians from primary health care of Ribeirão Preto- São Paulo, concerning violence against women

Baraldi, Ana Cyntia Paulin 02 October 2009 (has links)
A violência contra a mulher é um problema de grande prevalência no Brasil e no mundo, sendo responsável por alto índice de morbimortalidade feminina e gerando sérias conseqüências para a sociedade. Médicos e enfermeiros, por serem os primeiros contatos dessas mulheres nos serviços de saúde, ocupam um lugar privilegiado na detecção da violência de gênero e devem possuir conhecimentos suficientes para o atendimento adequado das vítimas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e comparar o conhecimento, a percepção e a atitude de médicos e enfermeiros que atuam na rede básica de saúde de Ribeirão Preto-SP, acerca da violência de gênero. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, comparativo, do tipo survey, realizado nas unidades distritais básicas de saúde (UBDS) do município. Foram incluídos todos os profissionais que atendem nas cinco UBDS de Ribeirão Preto, totalizando 170 médicos e 51 enfermeiros. O questionário utilizado abordava o conhecimento, o manejo dos casos e atitudes dos profissionais frente à violência de gênero, sendo aplicado por pesquisadoras treinadas. Os dados foram processados e analisados, utilizando o pacote estatístico STATA 9.0, sendo realizada distribuição simples de freqüência, Teste Qui Quadrado (X2) ou Teste exato de Fisher, para verificar associação entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostraram que um percentual significativamente maior de médicos foi capacitado para o atendimento da violência de gênero durante a graduação (p = 0,013), enquanto mais enfermeiros foram treinados nos serviços de saúde (p = 0,000). Os médicos mostraram-se mais à vontade do que os enfermeiros em discutir assuntos como a vida sexual da cliente (p = 0,048) e o uso de drogas ilícitas pela mesma (p = 0,01). Ambos tendem a infantilizar a vítima, referiram se sentir à vontade em inquirir a paciente sobre situações violentas, e concordaram que a violência pode ser causada por fatores externos, como abuso de álcool, drogas e desemprego, e por problemas psicológicos do agressor. Médicos (85,3%) e enfermeiros (78%) demonstraram alto conhecimento sobre a definição de violência, têm consciência de que investigá-la é seu papel profissional e sabem reconhecer seus sinais e sintomas. No entanto, demonstraram muito baixo conhecimento sobre sua epidemiologia, sendo o conhecimento dos enfermeiros nesse quesito menor do que o dos médicos (p = 0,035). Um percentual significativamente maior de enfermeiros obteve boa pontuação sobre as condutas que facilitam a revelação da violência (p = 0,041). Ambos demonstraram alto conhecimento do manejo dos casos confirmados de violência de gênero, e bom conhecimento dos casos em que há suspeita da mesma; um percentual significativamente maior de médicos apresentou baixo conhecimento nesses últimos (p = 0,038). Os enfermeiros acertaram mais questões relacionadas à tomada de condutas administrativas e de integração com outros serviços do que os médicos. Portanto, o estudo demonstrou que os profissionais possuem boa formação acadêmica, bom conhecimento sobre definição, diagnóstico e manejo da violência de gênero, desconhecendo sua epidemiologia. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na formação, no conhecimento e percepção dos profissionais, em relação à violência de gênero, sendo recomendado individualizar as intervenções de acordo com as peculiaridades de cada categoria profissional. / Violence against women is a very prevalent problem in Brazil and in the whole world, and responds to an increase in morbidity and mortality of female population, carrying out serious problems for society. Physicians and nurses, who firstly make contact to the victim, are in a front position to detect the violence against women; therefore, they should have enough knowledge and skills to provide them an adequate assistance. This study aimed to assess and to compare knowledge, perception and attitude of physicians and nurses from primary health care of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, concerning with violence against women. A survey quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative study was carried out in five basic units of district health. The sample consisted of 170 physicians and 51 nurses. The instrument used for data collection was applied by previously trained interviewers. Data were processed and analysed in Statistical Package for the STATA 9.0. The analysis involved simple frequency distribution, the Chi-Square Test (X2) or Fisher´s Exact Test to check the association between variables. It was observed that the percentage of physicians who received orientation about the problem of domestic violence during graduation was significantly higher than the observed for nurses (p=0,013); however, training at workplace was markedly more frequent than the observed for physicians (p=0,000). Doctors presented less discomfort than nurses to inquire the patient about her sexual life (p=0,048), and the use of illicit drugs (p=0,01). Both tend to play the same role in spousal assault as in child abuse; they feel comfortable on asking the patient about violence situations and both believed that alcohol or drug abuse, unemployment and husband´s psychological problems are causes of wife battering., Physicians (85,3%) and nurses (78%) demonstrated high knowledge concerning the definition of violence; they perceived their role in its investigation and both know to recognize the signs and symptoms of the problem. However, they demonstrated very low knowledge about the epidemiology of violence, and nurses seemed to know less than physicians in this item (p=0,035). A significant higher percentage of nurses obtained good scores concerning the conduct that helps the disclosure of the violence (p=0,041). Both groups demonstrated high knowledge in the management of confirmed cases of violence, and demonstrated good knowledge in the cases that violence is not confirmed. A significant higher percentage of physicians demonstrated low knowledge for suspection of violence cases (p=0,038). Nurses obtained higher scores than physicians on questions about administrative conducts and those that depend on the integration with other services. Therefore, this study demonstrated that professionals have good knowledge about definition, diagnosis and management of gender violence, but they unknown its epidemiology. We found significant differences on training skills, on knowledge and perception of health professionals concerning gender violence and recommend individualized actions to improve assistance.
77

Violência doméstica e aspectos cognitivos do agressor: análise quantitativa / Intimate partner violence and cognitive aspects of the perpetrator: quantitative analysis

Reis, Leonardo Naves dos 21 October 2016 (has links)
A violência contra mulher, cometida por parceiro íntimo, constitui grave problema de saúde pública, entretanto, a maioria das produções acadêmicas contam somente com a participação de vítimas mulheres, ignorando importantes informações que deveriam ser obtidas a partir de agressores. Em âmbito internacional tem-se investigado a relação entre violência por parceiro íntimo e aspectos cognitivos de agressores. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo incluiu a participação dos dois parceiros com o objetivo de investigar quais seriam as táticas de resolução de conflitos empregadas por ambos; quais as diferenças entre as táticas utilizadas por homens e mulheres; e quais as diferenças entre as táticas utilizadas por casais em que se observa violência quando comparados a casais que possuem uma relação harmoniosa. Para tanto, utilizou-se do instrumento Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Em relação aos aspectos cognitivos dos parceiros masculinos, investigou-se, por meio do instrumento Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), determinados fatores como, por exemplo, as funções verbal e executiva. Foram comparados os resultados do teste cognitivo de homens que cometeram violência contra suas parceiras com os resultados daqueles que não cometeram. Foram obtidas também informações referentes às características sociodemográficas dos casais. A amostra foi composta por 31 casais cuja esposa constava em registro policial como vítima de violência cometida pelo parceiro (grupo 1); e 31 casais que, de acordo com suas próprias percepções, afirmavam manter relação conjugal harmoniosa (grupo 2). A análise dos dados se deu de duas formas: Na primeira efetuou-se comparações entre os grupos 1 e 2, referentes às variáveis coletadas. Esta análise se deu de forma meramente descritiva e permitiu observar que, mesmo entre casais que julgam viver uma relação pacífica, são detectados comportamentos violentos. Já a segunda forma de análise desconsiderou a divisão por grupos, e utilizou para efeitos de comparação, o fato de o indivíduo ter ou não adotado condutas violentas, apuradas pelo instrumento CTS2. Esta etapa da análise dos dados empregou métodos estatísticos com a finalidade de verificar associações e correlações entre violência e determinadas variáveis. Em relação às variáveis contínuas, como por exemplo os escores obtidos no teste cognitivo, buscou-se apurar diferenças entre médias daqueles que cometeram ou não atos agressivos contra suas parceiras. Além disso por meio da análise de regressão logística, objetivou-se explorar fatores de risco e proteção à violência contra mulher por parceiro íntimo. Entre os resultados, o principal achado sugere que aspectos cognitivos, especialmente aqueles ligados às habilidades verbais e de controle dos impulsos, possivelmente exerceriam alguma influência para um desfecho violento ou não entre parceiros íntimos. Por fim, ao considerar a possível influência de aspectos cognitivos do agressor para que ocorra ou não a violência contra a mulher, o estudo conclui principalmente, que a redução dos índices de agressões contra mulheres, cometidas por seus parceiros, só poderiam reduzir de forma consistente, por meio de ações de longo prazo, especialmente aquelas dirigidas à educação inicial, uma vez que, esta constitui o caminho adequado para mudanças culturais e também para o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais e cognitivas satisfatórias do sujeito / Violence against women, committed by an intimate partner, is a serious public health problem, however, most academic productions rely solely on the participation of women victims, ignoring important information that should be obtained from aggressors. On a international scope it has been researched the relation between intimate partner violence and cognitive aspects of aggressors. In that sense, this study included the participation of both partners in order to investigate what are the tactics of conflict resolution employed by both; what are the differences between the tactics used by couples where there is violence when compared to couples who have a harmonious relationship. Therefore, we used the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). About the cognitive aspects of male partners, was investigated by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, (WAIS-III), certain factors such as, verbal and executive functions. We compared the results of cognitive testing of men who have committed violence against their partners with the results of those who did not commit. It were also obtained information about the sociodemographic characteristics of couples. The sample consisted of 31 couples whose wife contained in police reports as a victim of violence committed by her partner (group 1); and 31 couples who, according to their own perceptions, said to maintain harmonious marital relationship (group 2). The analysis of data was done in two ways: At first it performed comparisons between groups 1 and 2, referring to the collected variables. This analysis was merely descriptive and it allowed us to observe that even among couples who judge to be in a peaceful relationship, violent behaviors are detected. The second form of analysis disregarded the division by groups, and used for comparison purposes, the fact that the individual has or has not adopted violent behaviors, determined by CTS2. This step of data analysis used statistical methods in order to verify associations and correlations between violence and certain variables. About the continuous variables, such as the scores on cognitive testing, we sought to determine differences between average scores of those who committed or not aggressive acts against their partners. Moreover by logistic regression analysis aimed to explore risk and protection factors against violence to women by intimate partner. Among the results, the main finding suggests that cognitive aspects, especially those related to verbal skills and impulse control, possibly exert some influence to violent or not outcome among intimate partner. Finally, when considering the possible influence of cognitive aspects of the perpetrator to occur or not violence against women, the study concludes primarily that reducing levels of aggression against women committed by their partners, could only reduce consistently through long-term actions, especially those aimed at early education, since this is the appropriate way to culturaly change and to develop satisfactory social and cognitive skills of the individual
78

Violência doméstica psicológica sob a perspectiva da mulher idosa: um enfoque na fenomenologia social / Psychological domestic violence from the perspective of older adult women: a focus on social phenomenology

Souto, Rafaella Queiroga 16 December 2014 (has links)
Introdução: A violência doméstica psicológica perpetrada pelo familiar contra a mulher idosa é uma importante e pouco pesquisada questão de saúde pública global. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência da mulher idosa que vivencia violência doméstica psicológica. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa ancorada pela fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, realizada com onze mulheres idosas identificadas nos registros de dois serviços localizados no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba e um serviço localizado no município de São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre novembro de 2012 e fevereiro de 2013 por meio de entrevista aberta, norteada pelas questões: conte-me o seu dia a dia em relação à situação de violência doméstica? O que a senhora faz em relação a isso? O que a senhora pretende com essa ação? A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os passos adotados por pesquisadores da fenomenologia social. Resultados: O contexto vivencial da mulher idosa é marcado pela ameaça, agressões verbais, situações humilhantes, desrespeito, descaso, exploração, sentimentos negativos que impactam a sua saúde, como tristeza, raiva, sofrimento e medo. Ela manifesta compaixão pelo agressor e necessita de apoio para conviver com a violência ou tentar enfrentá-la. Quando recebe o apoio solicitado, tenta enfrentar a situação de violência, no entanto, sente-se impotente e apega-se a Deus. Sua expectativa refere-se à mudança de atitude do agressor e à possibilidade de afastar-se da situação de violência. Considerações finais: A compreensão da experiência da mulher idosa que vivencia violência doméstica psicológica pode ser utilizada pelos profissionais de saúde durante o atendimento de rotina, favorecendo a identificação de novos casos e tratando do assunto de acordo com a expectativa do sujeito envolvido. Ações voltadas para o acolhimento das vítimas e tratamento dos agressores, envolvendo profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros, psicólogos e assistentes sociais), pesquisadores e poder público precisam ser consolidadas. / Introduction: Psychological domestic violence against older adult woman by a family member is an important and under-researched global public health issue. Aim: To understand the experience of older adult woman who live with psychological domestic violence. Method: This is a qualitative research supported by Alfred Schützs social phenomenology. It was conducted with eleven older adult women identified in the database of two services located at Campina Grande, Paraiba and one located at Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo. Data collection was between November 2012 and February 2013 by open interview, using the following questions: tell me about your day-to-day related to your domestic violence situation experience? What do/did you do about that? What do you want/hope with this action? Data analysis was conducted following social phenomenological researchers` steps. Results: The older adult woman`s lived context is marked by threatening, verbal abuse, humiliating situations, disrespect, neglect, and financial abuse. Negative feelings such as sadness, anger, suffering, and fear impact her health. She manifests compassion for the aggressor, and needs help to live with the violent situation or try to face it. When she gets the needed help, she tries to face the situation but she feels powerless and ask God`s help. Her expectation is related to changing the aggressor`s behavior and the possibility of running away from the violent situation. Final considerations: Health professionals can use the understanding of the experience of the older adult woman who lives with psychological domestic violence during their regular appointments, helping with the screening and facing the subject, according to the involved subject`s expectation. Actions focused on the victims` welcome/refuge and on the aggressors` treatment, which involves professionals (physicians, nurses, psychologists and social workers), researchers and law enforcers need to be consolidated.
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Percepções de médicos e enfermeiros acerca da violência contra a mulher: uma análise comparativa / Doctors and nurses\' perceptions of violence against women: a comparative analysis

Mariana Hasse 30 August 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido como subprojeto integrante da pesquisa A Interface Entre a Ocorrência e o Atendimento de Violência de Gênero Entre Mulheres Usuárias dos Serviços de Saúde da Rede Pública de Ribeirão Preto. A violência contra a mulher é uma das expressões mais perversas da subordinação feminina e gera graves conseqüências para as pessoas que vivenciam o seu ciclo. Mulheres nessa situação buscam frequentemente os serviços de saúde, que possuem um alto poder de detecção da violência. Porém, há uma série de dificuldades por parte dos profissionais, médicos e enfermeiros, em identificar e prestar assistência adequada a essas mulheres. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar comparativamente as percepções de médicos e enfermeiros que atuam na rede de saúde de Ribeirão Preto acerca da violência contra a mulher buscando formas de aprimorar a assistência prestada. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando um banco de dados de 14 entrevistas com médicos e 10 com enfermeiros, realizadas por meio de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Por meio de análise de conteúdo temático foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: 1) Percepções sobre gênero; 2) Percepções sobre a violência contra a mulher; 3) Sobre atuação profissional; e 4) Sobre a rede de proteção. Tais categorias foram divididas em diversas subcategorias que foram analisadas a partir do referencial de gênero. Os resultados mostraram que há muitas semelhanças nas percepções relativas às questões de gênero, que são ainda bastante tradicionais. Os profissionais entendem que a violência contra a mulher ocorre devido às desigualdades perpetuadas pelo sistema social e que acabam por justificar a violência. Eles reconhecem os tipos de violência existentes e estão aptos a identificar e acolher as mulheres nos serviços de saúde, reconhecendo tais ações como suas responsabilidades. Porém, muitas vezes não o fazem por barreiras como a própria estrutura dos serviços, a falta de capacitação e aspectos emocionais, que dificultam o acolhimento e a orientação adequados. Também identificamos que a rede de apoio existente ainda é desconhecida por muitos dos profissionais e, diversas vezes, está estruturada de forma inadequada para atender às demandas existentes. Assim, é fundamental o desenvolvimento de capacitações para os profissionais da área de saúde com o objetivo de prepara-los para uma melhor assistência às mulheres em situação de violência e para o conhecimento da rede de proteção existente. Além disso, é urgente que a estrutura dos serviços seja repensada em diversos aspectos para que os princípios do SUS e as ações de humanização possam, de fato, ser colocadas em prática. / This study was conducted as part of the larger research project \"The interface between the occurrence and treatment of gender violence among women who are users of public health care in Ribeirão Preto. Violence against women is one of the most perverse forms of female subordination and leads to serious consequences to those affected by it. Women in such conditions frequently seek health care services, which are highly capable of detecting violence. However, there are a number of obstacles faced by professionals, doctors and nurses, in order to identify and provide proper assistance to these women. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze how doctors and nurses who work in the public health care system in Ribeirão Preto perceive violence against women with a view to improving the quality of services. To attain this goal, this qualitative study made use of a database of 14 interviews with doctors and 10 with nurses following a semistructured script. Following thematic content analysis, the following categories have been established: 1) Perceptions about gender; 2) Perceptions about violence against women; 3) About the jobs; and 4) About the protection network. These categories were further divided into subcategories that were analyzed by taking gender as a reference. The findings show that there are many similarities across perceptions concerning gender issues, which are still quite traditional. Professionals believe that violence against women occurs as a result of inequalities that have been perpetuated by the social system and that ultimately justify such violence. They recognize the existing types of violence and are ready and able to identify women and offer them assistance within the health care system, which they regard to be part of their responsibilities. However, they frequently cannot do that due to barriers such as how the services are structured, lack of training, and emotional aspects, which make both reception and counseling difficult. It has also been found that the existing support network is still unknown to many professionals and, very often, that it is inadequately organized to meet current demands. Thus, it is essential to develop the skills of health care professionals in order to prepare them both to provide better assistance to women who have been affected violence and to know about the existing protection network. In addition, there is the urgent need to rethink the organization of services at various levels so that the principles of SUS - the universal health care system - and humanization actions can actually be put into practice.
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'Our (in)ability to speak' : interpretations and representations of prostitution in an English policy context

Hewer, Rebecca Mary Frances January 2017 (has links)
Over the last ten to fifteen years, prostitution policies in England have grown increasingly welfarist in tone, stressing the relative victimhood and vulnerability of women who sell sex. This thesis explores important facets of these emergent narratives. Using a qualitative multi-method approach, it investigates the manner in which 21 policy-actors and seven policy documents - principally originating from the English prostitution ‘policy subsystem’ - interpret and represent prostitution. From a methodological perspective, generated findings are explored through the dual interpretative frameworks of critical discourse analysis and sociological frame theory. These frameworks require that localised narratives be contextualised within, and explained by reference to, broader discursive and cultural conditions. In deference to this, findings are situated within rich bodies of academic literature which commentate on, promote and critique various political philosophies, ideological discourses, and critical social theories, such as (neo)-liberalism, a number of feminisms, and Bourdieusian sociology. More specifically, this thesis explores the way 21 policy actors, and four of the selected policy documents, represent the subjecthood of women who sell sex. It approaches this endeavour via discussions of vulnerability, subjectivity/choice, and gender. Here, it concludes that actors and documents draw on, and contribute to, a plurality of complimentary and contradictory ideological discourses, to interpret and represent certain facets of a woman in prostitution’s ‘self’. Substantively, it suggests that - whilst there is a broad consensus regarding the importance of the internal individualism of women who sell sex, and the instrumentality of externalities with regard to shaping her social spaces and ability to choose - questions of gender remain highly contested. Thereafter, this thesis explores the way the same policy-actors, and three distinct policy documents, discursively include/exclude prostitution from violence against women and girls (VAWG) narratives. It begins by exploring how documents and actors define violence in generic terms, and to what degree they adhere to a feminist sociological model when explaining the aetiology and causality of VAWG. It then discusses how prostitution’s relationship to VAWG is framed, and inclusion/exclusion is justified. Here, it concludes that whilst there is a general commitment to the feminist sociological model of VAWG, the question of whether or not prostitution should be included beneath its auspices is highly contentious – pitting classically oppositional coalitions of actors against one another and creating intramural disputes within coalitions themselves. Drawing these strands together, concluding chapters explore framing dynamics. In total, this thesis offers a number of contributions to the fields of prostitution and VAWG policy studies. It demonstrates that while debates in the English prostitution policy subsystem frequently appear to be comprised of two bitterly oppositional ‘advocacy coalitions’, the two groups share multiple areas of ideological consensus, at least with regard to how they understand prostitution. Indeed, more often than not, coalitions differ principally with regard to their prognostic frames and their judgments of material prevalence. In turn, this disrupts extant literature on advocacy coalitions, which suggests that policy-actors organise themselves into groups by reference to their core belief systems, whilst showing a willingness to compromise on secondary considerations. These areas of consensus by no means suggests that matters are straightforward, however. Indeed, this thesis provides evidence that many facets of the prostitution debate are nuanced, complex and ambivalent – that actors entertain and promote contradictory narratives, that coalitions suffer intra-mural fractures over discursive fault-lines, and that framing preferences are strategically engaged. With regard to the last point, this thesis makes a significant methodological contribution to the field of discourse analysis, insofar as it explores the manner in which respondents can be represented as both formed through, and active users of, discourse. It does so by bringing two distinct discourse theories/methods into dialogue with one another. Over and above this, this thesis seizes upon the theoretical opportunities presented when original findings and extant academic scholarship are used to elucidate and develop one another. Most notably it deploys the work of critical social theorists, Martha Fineman and Pierre Bourdieu, to explore new ways in which the harms of prostitution can be conceived.

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