A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral considerar os processos sociais envolvidos na situação do adolescente em conflito com a lei no Brasil, suas implicações na transformação de histórias de vidas e consequente demandas nos programas de atendimento. De forma mais específica, objetivou trazer conhecimentos concretos para o campo de trabalho socioeducativo, e investigar aquilo que se apresenta como propiciador da reincidência. Como forma de alcançar esses objetivos, foi considerada a seguinte questão norteadora: o que leva o adolescente a infracionar novamente? A metodologia foi baseada na Teoria do Vínculo de Pichon-Riviere, propondo-se como procedimento grupos operativos, os quais foram realizados com adolescentes do meio fechado (Internação) e meio aberto (Liberdade Assistida). O principal instrumento de coleta de dados consistiu no conteúdo das entrevistas, sendo a análise complementada com outras pesquisas realizadas na temática. Os dados coletados, considerando as medidas socioeducativas, demonstram que elas não dão conta do objeto ao qual se propõem: o rompimento com o ciclo da delinquência, com a repetição do ato de delinquir. A forma como as medidas estão sendo propostas são reguladoras muito externas, e não estão entrando no cerne do problema. Nesse sentido, devem considerar os sentimentos de raiva e ódio que movem o adolescente. No subtexto dessa raiva existem situações de humilhação e sentimentos de vergonha que, por não serem elaborados, criam o ciclo humilhação-vergonha-ódio. Entra-se em círculo odioso, retroalimentado, que supõe a raiva, a dimensão que o prazer de delinquir tem, ao que os adolescentes denominam adrenalina. Algo que os deixa aficionados como se fosse vício / The current research had as general purpose consider the social processes involved at the condition of adolescents in conflict with the law in Brazil, their implications at the process of changing of life histories and resultant demand in the service programs. More specifically, it intended bring real knowledge to the social educational field of work, and inquire into that present itself as reincidence propitiating. To achieve that objectives, it was considered the follow leading question: what does the adolescent commit an infraction again? The methology was based on the Theory of Bond by PICHON_RIVIERE, proposes as procedure operative groups, that was achieved with adolescents of closed system (internment) and opened system (Assisted Freedom). The main instrument to data collection was consisted in the interviews\'s content, being the analysis complemented with other researches achieved in the same area. The collected data, considering the social educational measures, demonstrate they can\'t handle of the object of their purpose: the break-up of deliquence cycle, with the recurrense of deliquence act. The way how these measures are being purpose are very external regulatories, and they are not moving into the heart of the matter. In this sense, they have to consider rage and hate feelings, that moves the adolescent. In the subtext of that hate there are abasement situations and feelings of shame that, because they are not elaborate, create a cycle of humiliation - shame - hate. Entering a hateful and feedback cycle, that suppose rage, the dimension of the pleasure of commit a crime, what they call of adrenaline. Which makes them excited, like an addiction

Cette thèse porte sur l’action de deux types d’associations de femmes, présentées dans quatre régions rurales et urbaines de l’Algérie : Alger, Oran, Blida et Tipaza, dont la création est entre 1991 et 2002. Leur histoire est étroitement liée aux dynamiques des mouvements sociaux et politiques algériens durant cette période.Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une perspective féministe et se distingue par la mobilisation du concept d’empowerment introduit par Wiliam Ninacks. À travers les entretiens semi directifs et des compléments d’informations recueillis lors de l’observation participante, méthodologie utilisée pour la première fois pour étudier les associations de femmes en Algérie, deux types d’associations ont été ont été examinés. Le premier inclut deux associations intervenantes en faveur des femmes victimes de violences. Elles font en outre un travail de pression au niveau des trois pouvoirs : politique, législatif, et juridique, pour changer les lois sur la famille et celles relatives à la violence contre les femmes. Le deuxième type d’associations étudié vient en aide aux femmes rurales et artisanes.Cinq associations ont été ainsi observées. Cette thèse contribue à la connaissance des nombreux défis auxquelles elles font face dans l’établissement de pratiques et actions permettant aux femmes rurales et citadines en situation de violence, de besoin, et d’exclusion de se constituer en actrices collectives pour agir ensemble en vue de changements de leur statut social et économique / This dissertation focuses on the action of two types of women's associations, presented in four rural and urban areas of Algeria: Algiers, Oran, and Tipaza, whose creation is between 1991 and 2002. Their history is closely linked to the dynamics of Algerian social and political movements during this period.This research is part of a feminist perspective and is distinguished by the mobilization of the concept of empowerment introduced by William Ninacks.Through the semi-directive interviews and additional information gathered during the participant observation, methodology used for the first time to study women's associations in Algeria, two types of associations were Examined. The first includes two associations for women victims of violence. They also exert pressure on the three powers : political, legislative, and legal, to change family laws and those relating to violence against women. The second type of association studied supports rural and artisanal women.Five associations have been observed. This thesis contributes to the knowledge of the many challenges they face in the establishment of practices and actions enabling rural and urban women in situations of violence, need, and exclusion to establish themselves as actresses to act together in order to change their social and economic status

En tant que concept social, la parenté peut influer sur les dispositions du droit pénal dans la mesure où certains textes pénaux spéciaux, tant français que libyens, la prennent en compte dans de nombreuses infractions, qu’il s’agisse d’atteintes aux biens (vol, par exemple) ou encore d’atteintes aux personnes (infractions sexuelles, parricide, infanticide…). De tels textes protègent parfois l’institution familiale en tant que telle, ce qui est le cas pour l’abandon de famille. Ils se rattachent à l’autorité parentale, la solidarité familiale, l’intimité familiale, l’affection ou encore la dignité… Le Code pénal, à la fois français et libyen, consacre ainsi un chapitre aux infractions d’atteintes à la famille. Cependant, il ne saurait être question de limiter le champ de notre étude aux seules infractions figurant au sein de ce chapitre. Notre étude s’intéressera à toutes les infractions que l’on pourrait qualifier de parentales, de même qu’à toutes les dispositions pénales concernant ces infractions. La parenté se présente à la fois comme un facteur de sévérité accrue et d’indulgence. Elle peut représenter un élément constitutif des infractions purement familiales ou de la responsabilité pénale du fait des enfants. Le Code pénal renforce alors la répression en aggravant la peine en matière d’atteintes à la vie ou à l’intégrité physique et d’agressions sexuelles si l’infraction est commise par une personne proche de la victime. À cet égard, le législateur français, par la loi n° 2006-399 du 4 avril 2006, la loi n° 2010-769 du 9 juillet 2010 et celle n° 2013-711 du 5 août 2013, a renforcé la répression des violences au sein de la famille. Au contraire, le lien de parenté peut représenter un obstacle à la répression, en constituer un fait justificatif, une condition de l’atténuation de la peine ou une entrave à la marche de la justice pénale surtout en matière de récusation de magistrat et de témoignage. / As a social concept, parenthood can influence the provisions of criminal law as some special criminal texts, either French or Libyan, include numerous offences, whether trespass to goods (theft, for instance) or violent crimes ( sexual offences, parricide, infanticide…). Such texts sometimes protect the family institution as such, which is the case for the desertion of the marital home. They are connected with the parental authority, family solidarity, family intimacy, love or even dignity… The criminal codes, both French and Libyan, devote a chapter to the family-related offences. However, the field of our study cannot be limited to the offences mentioned in this chapter only. Our study will deal with all the offences that can be linked to parenthood, as well as all the criminal provisions concerning these offences. Parenthood appears at the same time as a factor of greater severity and indulgence. It can represent a constituent element of the purely family-related offences or of the criminal juvenile liability. The Criminal code then reinforces the repression by increasing the penalty if it concerns lethal assaults or grievous bodily harm and sexual assaults provided the offence is committed by a close relative of the victim. In this respect the French legislator, by the law N2006-399 of April 4th, 2006, the law N 2010-769 of July 9th, 2010 and that N 2013-711of August 5th, 2013, reinforced the repression of family-related violence. On the contrary, the parental link may represent an obstacle to repression, may constitute a justifying element, a mitigating condition of the penalty or an interference with the functioning of criminal justice, especially concerning the challenging of magistrates or of witnesses.

Neste estudo busquei pensar que psicologias se mesclaram com vertentes do feminismo dentro de uma perspectiva histórica para refletir sobre o que algumas autoras têm denominado psicologia feminista, bem como, psicoterapia feminista. Ajustei o foco sobre os conhecimentos produzidos no encontro dos saberes, psicologia e feminismo. Para me apropriar do campo problemático brasileiro tomei dois caminhos iniciais. O primeiro mais descritivo constituiu-se num percurso histórico para me situar sobre as ações dos movimentos feministas na relação com os centros de referência para mulheres em situação de violência e sobre os embasamentos teóricos das práticas psicológicas nestas políticas públicas. O segundo caminho foi um estudo exploratório que se baseou numa revisão não-sistemática em revistas feministas, revistas de psicologia e nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus para identificar se no campo acadêmico estava se produzindo artigos sobre psicologias feministas. A reflexividade que foi sendo construída até aqui conduziu à experiência do estágio doutoral no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Gênero, Diversidade e Sexualidade na Universidade do Porto. Com a imersão na realidade acadêmica portuguesa desenvolvi outro estudo exploratório sobre a posição das psicologias feministas no campo acadêmico português e das psicoterapias feministas por meio do contato com quatro pesquisadoras envolvidas com a temática. Deste modo, para poder produzir reflexões sobre o contexto brasileiro, três pesquisadoras envolvidas com psicologia feminista no Brasil também foram entrevistadas. Esta pesquisa não se constituiu num estudo comparativo e sim numa análise deste circuito, desta rede enunciativa luso-brasileira e o que dá sentido para a afirmação e/ou identificação com uma psicologia feminista respeitando as lógicas diferenciadas da Psicologia, assim como, o campo da psicologia social e da psicoterapia de cada país que são distintas. No que tange à metodologia, me apoiei na análise arquegenealógica de Michel Foucault para tomar os discursos na sua exterioridade e buscar as condições de possibilidade para a emergência de psicologias/psicoterapias feministas nos países estudados. Sem buscar verdades, psicologias ou psicoterapias mais verdadeiras que outras busquei me referir aos discursos constitutivos destas práticas enquanto produções históricas. / In this study I tried to think which psychologies have merged with feminist strands within a historical perspective to reflect on what some authors have called feminist psychology as well as feminist psychotherapy. I focused on the knowledge produced in the meeting of knowledge, psychology and feminism. To take ownership of the problematic Brazilian field I took two initial paths. The first was a more descriptive historical route to situate me about the actions of the feminist movements in the relation with the centers of reference for women in situation of violence and on the theoretical bases of the psychological practices in these public policies. The second path was an exploratory study that relied on a non-systematic review in feminist journals, psychology journals, and the Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify whether articles on feminist psychologies were being produced in the academic field. The reflexivity that has been built so far has led to the experience of the doctoral stage in the research group on Gender, Diversity and Sexuality at the University of Porto. With the immersion in Portuguese academic reality I developed another exploratory study on the position of feminist psychologies in the Portuguese academic field and feminist psychotherapies through the contact with four researchers involved with the subject. Thus, in order to produce reflections on the Brazilian context, three researchers involved with feminist psychology in Brazil were also interviewed. This research was not constituted in a comparative study but in an analysis of this circuit, of this enunciative Luso-Brazilian network and what gives meaning to the affirmation and / or identification with a feminist psychology respecting the differentiated logics of Psychology, as well as, the field of social psychology and psychotherapy of each country that are distinct. With regard to methodology, I relied on the archegenealogical analysis of Michel Foucault to take the discourses in their exteriority and seek the conditions of possibility for the emergence of feminist psychologies / psychotherapies in the countries studied. Without seeking truths, psychologies or psychotherapies more truthful than others, I have tried to refer to the discourses constituting these practices as historical productions.

Comment rendre intelligibles les injustices de genre dans toute leur extension ? Cette démarche de philosophie politique appliquée conduit à en tenter l’approche par les violences sexuelles comprises comme extrémisation de ces injustices. Dans une première partie, les limites de l’apport des théories de la justice sont mises en lumière à travers le féminisme libéral complexe de Susan Okin, qui centre sur les injustices de genre dans le travail et dans la famille. L’examen des évolutions de son questionnement y fait apparaître l’intuition de certaines exigences pour penser les violences sexuelles comme injustices, laissées par elle inexplorées. La deuxième partie, centrée sur des études contextuelles, est consacrée à des phénoménalisations de ces violences dans la société contemporaine. À partir de la théorisation du genre par Catherine MacKinnon comme domination sexualisée, et à l’aide des données fournies par des travaux d’anthropologie, se trouvent investiguées les violences hétérosexuelles entre adultes et les violences sexuelles intrafamiliales. De ce moment d’expérimentation la domination genrée ressort comme fonction dynamique des violences sexuelles. Une ultime étape explore des remédiations. Deux pratiques collectives de réparation et de prévention ouvrent sur une éthique féministe de la reconstruction dont la portée politique fait surgir les violences comme injustices structurelles. Des travaux d’Iris M. Young sont dégagées les exigences d’une prise en charge sociale de telles injustices. Le geste est amorcé enfin d’une reconstruction normative traçant les contours d’une justice non seulement distributive et réparatrice, mais aussi transformative. / How can one think of gender injustice in all its extension ? This research in applied political philosophy seeks to shed light on this problem by focusing on sexual violence as a social and structural phenomenon.In a first part, the limits of « theory of justice approach » are highlighted through an examination of one of its fullest attempts regarding gender, that is Susan Okin’s feminist liberalism. Evolutions in her works allow me to bring out some intuitions regarding the political implications of what would be an account of sexual violence taken as social injustice, yet such intuitions remained unexplored. Taking these limits seriously, the second part of this research sets to examine sexual violence as phenomenonalized in contemporary society. With MacKinnon’s theory of gender as sexualised domination as a critical background given by Okin herself for my investigation, I tackle heterosexual violence between adults as well as intrafamilial sexual violence. This experimental gesture leads me to elaborate gendered domination as a dynamic function of sexual violence. A last moment explores the remedies implied by such comprehension. Two forms of collective and feminist praxis as reparative and preventive, are analysed so as to bring out the normative foundations of what appears as a feminist ethics of reconstruction. Its political dimension leads to an apprehension of sexual violence as structural injustice. Iris Young’s work is discussed in the respect, so as to highlight the conditions of a full apprehension of sexual violence as injustice. A normative reconstruction that leads to envisage justice not only as distributive or reparative, but also as transformative.

Les violences conjugales affectent la santé des individus, influent sur leurs comportements au travail, et impactent les organisations. Outre les pertes financières,elles contribuent à accentuer les inégalités entre les sexes, notamment au sein de la sphère professionnelle. Au travers d’une typologie des incidences des violences conjugales, la présente recherche exploratoire examine les processus à l’oeuvre dans l’interaction des victimes avec l’univers professionnel, et la manière dont les organisations peuvent répondre aux manifestations de ce phénomène familial. Elle repose sur un double cadre conceptuel : les violences conjugales et l’articulation famille-travail. L’accès au terrain s’appuie sur une combinaison de méthodologies qualitatives : 47 entretiens (individuels et collectifs semi-directifs, récits de vie),menés auprès de victimes et de membres d’organisations non-marchandes(associations, Fondation Kering, conseil général de l’Essonne) et marchandes (PSA Peugeot Citroën, BPI group).Outre l’ancrage théorique novateur, les résultats ont permis l’émergence d’un modèle qui articule le déterminant familial (les violences physiques, psychologiques,économiques), la relation famille-travail (débordement, conflit, compensation), ainsi que trois principales incidences organisationnelles (baisse de concentration,changement de comportement, surinvestissement au travail). Parmi ces 3manifestations, la baisse de concentration (débordement négatif) et le surinvestissement au travail (compensation) sont des éléments significatifs en termes de nombre de personnes concernées ; le changement de comportement(débordement négatif) constitue une variable marquante pour son caractère inexploré. Dans des logiques d’intégration ou de respect, les organisations sont susceptibles de contribuer à réduire les difficultés posées par ces interférences,obtenant ainsi des bénéfices économiques et managériaux.Les apports de l’étude se situent à plusieurs niveaux : d’une part, elle importe en France la problématique des incidences organisationnelles des violences conjugales,et d’autre part, elle l’inscrit dans le cadre théorique de la relation famille-travail. / Domestic violence affects the health of individuals, influences their behaviour in the workplace, and impacts organisations. In addition to financial loss, it contributes to emphasize gender inequalities, especially within the professional sphere. Througha typology of the implications of domestic violence, this exploratory research examines the processes in motion during the interactions of victims with their professional environment, and how organisations can respond to the manifestations of this phenomenon which occurs within the family sphere. It is based on a double conceptual framework: domestic violence and work-family articulation. Field access relies on a combination of qualitative methods: 47 interviews (semi-directive individual and collective interviews, life histories) lead with victims as well as with representatives of non-mercantile organisations (associations, Kering Foundation,conseil général de l’Essonne) and businesses (PSA Peugeot-Citroën, BPI group).Besides this innovative theoretical anchoring, the results have allowed the emergence of a model that articulates the family determinant (acts of physical,psychological, and economic violence), the work-family relationship (spill over,conflict, and compensation) as well as the three main organisational effects (decrease in concentration, change in behaviour, and over investment in work). Amongst those three manifestations, the decrease in concentration (negative spill over) and the over investment in work (compensation) are significant elements in terms of the number of people concerned; the change in behaviour (negative spill over) represents a remarkable variable because of its unexplored character. Following logics of integration or respect, the organisations are likely to contribute to reducing the difficulties posed by these interferences, thus receiving economic and managerial benefits.The contributions of the study are found on several levels: on one hand it imports into France the issue of the organisational implications of domestic violence,and on the other, it positions it within the theoretical framework of the work-family relationship.

Neste estudo busquei pensar que psicologias se mesclaram com vertentes do feminismo dentro de uma perspectiva histórica para refletir sobre o que algumas autoras têm denominado psicologia feminista, bem como, psicoterapia feminista. Ajustei o foco sobre os conhecimentos produzidos no encontro dos saberes, psicologia e feminismo. Para me apropriar do campo problemático brasileiro tomei dois caminhos iniciais. O primeiro mais descritivo constituiu-se num percurso histórico para me situar sobre as ações dos movimentos feministas na relação com os centros de referência para mulheres em situação de violência e sobre os embasamentos teóricos das práticas psicológicas nestas políticas públicas. O segundo caminho foi um estudo exploratório que se baseou numa revisão não-sistemática em revistas feministas, revistas de psicologia e nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus para identificar se no campo acadêmico estava se produzindo artigos sobre psicologias feministas. A reflexividade que foi sendo construída até aqui conduziu à experiência do estágio doutoral no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Gênero, Diversidade e Sexualidade na Universidade do Porto. Com a imersão na realidade acadêmica portuguesa desenvolvi outro estudo exploratório sobre a posição das psicologias feministas no campo acadêmico português e das psicoterapias feministas por meio do contato com quatro pesquisadoras envolvidas com a temática. Deste modo, para poder produzir reflexões sobre o contexto brasileiro, três pesquisadoras envolvidas com psicologia feminista no Brasil também foram entrevistadas. Esta pesquisa não se constituiu num estudo comparativo e sim numa análise deste circuito, desta rede enunciativa luso-brasileira e o que dá sentido para a afirmação e/ou identificação com uma psicologia feminista respeitando as lógicas diferenciadas da Psicologia, assim como, o campo da psicologia social e da psicoterapia de cada país que são distintas. No que tange à metodologia, me apoiei na análise arquegenealógica de Michel Foucault para tomar os discursos na sua exterioridade e buscar as condições de possibilidade para a emergência de psicologias/psicoterapias feministas nos países estudados. Sem buscar verdades, psicologias ou psicoterapias mais verdadeiras que outras busquei me referir aos discursos constitutivos destas práticas enquanto produções históricas. / In this study I tried to think which psychologies have merged with feminist strands within a historical perspective to reflect on what some authors have called feminist psychology as well as feminist psychotherapy. I focused on the knowledge produced in the meeting of knowledge, psychology and feminism. To take ownership of the problematic Brazilian field I took two initial paths. The first was a more descriptive historical route to situate me about the actions of the feminist movements in the relation with the centers of reference for women in situation of violence and on the theoretical bases of the psychological practices in these public policies. The second path was an exploratory study that relied on a non-systematic review in feminist journals, psychology journals, and the Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify whether articles on feminist psychologies were being produced in the academic field. The reflexivity that has been built so far has led to the experience of the doctoral stage in the research group on Gender, Diversity and Sexuality at the University of Porto. With the immersion in Portuguese academic reality I developed another exploratory study on the position of feminist psychologies in the Portuguese academic field and feminist psychotherapies through the contact with four researchers involved with the subject. Thus, in order to produce reflections on the Brazilian context, three researchers involved with feminist psychology in Brazil were also interviewed. This research was not constituted in a comparative study but in an analysis of this circuit, of this enunciative Luso-Brazilian network and what gives meaning to the affirmation and / or identification with a feminist psychology respecting the differentiated logics of Psychology, as well as, the field of social psychology and psychotherapy of each country that are distinct. With regard to methodology, I relied on the archegenealogical analysis of Michel Foucault to take the discourses in their exteriority and seek the conditions of possibility for the emergence of feminist psychologies / psychotherapies in the countries studied. Without seeking truths, psychologies or psychotherapies more truthful than others, I have tried to refer to the discourses constituting these practices as historical productions.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-10-06T18:44:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gimba MF 2013.pdf: 908817 bytes, checksum: c26fd7b1d34fca5ae8c7c242a61cb397 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-11-21T20:17:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gimba MF 2013.pdf: 908817 bytes, checksum: c26fd7b1d34fca5ae8c7c242a61cb397 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T20:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gimba MF 2013.pdf: 908817 bytes, checksum: c26fd7b1d34fca5ae8c7c242a61cb397 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / Inserido na linha de pesquisa Família e Sociedade, este trabalho versa sobre o uso de crack por mulheres na contemporaneidade. O recorte histórico-geográfico está matizado pelo ano de 2013 com residentes na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia. Através de aproximação qualitativa com base em entrevistas em profundidade. Sabe-se que as vulnerabilidades são agravadas com este elemento (uso de crack) e interfere de forma significativa nas relações familiares e sociais, incidindo diretamente nas relações intergeracionais e projetos de vida. Mães-filhas que, por influência da droga, deixam de ter capacidade para serem cuidadoras e mantenedoras; filhos e filhas que não conhecem pais/mães e pouco convivem com suas progenitoras; avós que avocam as atividades de cuidar, prover e proteger os netos. Ademais, assumem as responsabilidades dessas usuárias, quando não as colocam para fora de casa diante ao desespero de terem seus bens dilapidados e a integridade física ameaçada. Ainda, por causa da pedra, essas mulheres, submetem-se a venda do corpo que, na vivência do crack, tem uma característica própria e cometem alguns crimes, tais como abortos e pequenos furtos. Isto posto, esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo analisar as relações familiares pertinentes e suas vulnerabilidades. Foi elaborado por meio de revisão historiográfica e de pesquisa de campo em dois Centros de Tratamento para Dependentes Químicos, na região metropolitana de Salvador, e participaram das entrevistas: dois profissionais que trabalham com dependentes químicos e cinco usuárias de crack, de classes média e alta. Como instrumentos da pesquisa foram utilizados dois tipos de questionários, um para os profissionais e outro para as usuárias de crack, construídos especificamente para este trabalho, com escopo de analisar a farmacologia do crack e sua manifestação no organismo da mulher, as violências sofridas e estigmas, as relações familiares e políticas públicas desenvolvidas para esse grupo peculiar. Os principais resultados revelam que essas mulheres estão mais sujeitas às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTS/AIDS), à gestação indesejada ou não planejadas, às violências físicas e morais, à práticas de delitos, a terem seus corpos transformados em moeda de troca, à impossibilidade de criar vínculos trabalhistas, à ruptura dos laços familiares do que as mulheres não usuárias de crack. / Inserted in the research line “Family and Society”, this work is about the use of crack cocaine by women nowadays. The geographic-historical delimitation is divided by the year of 2013 with people that live in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia. Through the qualitative approach based on depth interviews, it is known that the vulnerabilities are exacerbated by this element and interfere significantly in family and social relationships, focusing directly on intergenerational relationships and life projects. Mothers-daughters, who, under the influence of drugs, are no longer able to be caregivers and maintainers; sons and daughters who do not know fathers / mothers and almost not live with their progenitor; grandmothers that arrogate the activities of caring, providing and protecting their grandchildren. Moreover, take on the responsibilities of those users, if not expel from home on despair of having their goods dilapidated and physical integrity in danger. Still, because of the crack cocaine, these women undergo selling the body that, in the crack cocaine experience, has a unique characteristic, and commit some crimes, such as shoplifting and abortions. Therefore, this master’s dissertation has as a purpose the analyze of the relevant family relationships and their vulnerabilities. It was prepared by means of historiographical revision and field research in two Dependency Drug Treatment centers, in the metropolitan region of Salvador, and participated in the interviews: professionals working with addicts and crack cocaine users, from the middle and the upper classes. As research instruments were used two types of questionnaires, one for the professionals and one for the crack cocaine users, specifically built for this job, with scope to analyze the pharmacology of crack cocaine and its manifestation in the woman body, the stigmas and violence suffered, family relationships and public policies developed for this unique group. The main results show that these women are more likely to contract the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs / AIDS), to have an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy, to suffer physical and moral violence, to practice some crimes, to have their bodies turned into trading currency, to the impossibility of creating linkages labor, to the rupture of family ties.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral considerar os processos sociais envolvidos na situação do adolescente em conflito com a lei no Brasil, suas implicações na transformação de histórias de vidas e consequente demandas nos programas de atendimento. De forma mais específica, objetivou trazer conhecimentos concretos para o campo de trabalho socioeducativo, e investigar aquilo que se apresenta como propiciador da reincidência. Como forma de alcançar esses objetivos, foi considerada a seguinte questão norteadora: o que leva o adolescente a infracionar novamente? A metodologia foi baseada na Teoria do Vínculo de Pichon-Riviere, propondo-se como procedimento grupos operativos, os quais foram realizados com adolescentes do meio fechado (Internação) e meio aberto (Liberdade Assistida). O principal instrumento de coleta de dados consistiu no conteúdo das entrevistas, sendo a análise complementada com outras pesquisas realizadas na temática. Os dados coletados, considerando as medidas socioeducativas, demonstram que elas não dão conta do objeto ao qual se propõem: o rompimento com o ciclo da delinquência, com a repetição do ato de delinquir. A forma como as medidas estão sendo propostas são reguladoras muito externas, e não estão entrando no cerne do problema. Nesse sentido, devem considerar os sentimentos de raiva e ódio que movem o adolescente. No subtexto dessa raiva existem situações de humilhação e sentimentos de vergonha que, por não serem elaborados, criam o ciclo humilhação-vergonha-ódio. Entra-se em círculo odioso, retroalimentado, que supõe a raiva, a dimensão que o prazer de delinquir tem, ao que os adolescentes denominam adrenalina. Algo que os deixa aficionados como se fosse vício / The current research had as general purpose consider the social processes involved at the condition of adolescents in conflict with the law in Brazil, their implications at the process of changing of life histories and resultant demand in the service programs. More specifically, it intended bring real knowledge to the social educational field of work, and inquire into that present itself as reincidence propitiating. To achieve that objectives, it was considered the follow leading question: what does the adolescent commit an infraction again? The methology was based on the Theory of Bond by PICHON_RIVIERE, proposes as procedure operative groups, that was achieved with adolescents of closed system (internment) and opened system (Assisted Freedom). The main instrument to data collection was consisted in the interviews\'s content, being the analysis complemented with other researches achieved in the same area. The collected data, considering the social educational measures, demonstrate they can\'t handle of the object of their purpose: the break-up of deliquence cycle, with the recurrense of deliquence act. The way how these measures are being purpose are very external regulatories, and they are not moving into the heart of the matter. In this sense, they have to consider rage and hate feelings, that moves the adolescent. In the subtext of that hate there are abasement situations and feelings of shame that, because they are not elaborate, create a cycle of humiliation - shame - hate. Entering a hateful and feedback cycle, that suppose rage, the dimension of the pleasure of commit a crime, what they call of adrenaline. Which makes them excited, like an addiction

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-19T13:18:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Eliane_Oliveira2017.pdf: 1806450 bytes, checksum: 9134baffbc27d335b70f378a774440dd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-19T13:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Eliane_Oliveira2017.pdf: 1806450 bytes, checksum: 9134baffbc27d335b70f378a774440dd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Societal relations free from pre-defined intentionalities, tribal cross-links, and the ambivalence that marks the wandering and the "being with" people, in the context of postmodernity, constitute the polysemy of everyday life, which is anodyne, banal and permeated by feelings of belonging and repulsion. The conflicts and violence, often resulted from feelings of revulsion among people, even though they are situated as negative processes, can be useful when divergent and disproportionate social relations occur between them, helping to prevent their suppression and annihilation. In this study, we aimed to apprehend the imaginary of conflicts and violence in the relationship between teachers and students. Firstly, because we understand that school is a sociocultural space where postmodern societal relations are mixed and confronting modern structures and organizations. Second, because we perceive that conflicts and violence in the relation between teachers and students are recurrent and if not understood in a contextual way, they can nullify the possibility of their perception as resistance to instituted powers and totalitarian violence. This qualitative research was composed by: the dialogue with authors (Gilbert Durand, Michel Maffesoli, Georg Simmel, Boaventura de Souza Santos, Carlos Gadea, among others) whose works are classic references in the discussions about imaginaries, postmodernity, violence and conflicts, addressed in the bibliographical research; by a document research contemplating the analysis of Minutes of the Pedagogical Team intending to clear the indicatives of totalitarian violence and suppressive referrals in pedagogical interventions; it was also constituted by field research, in which the framework was formed by semi-structured interviews with students and teachers, as well as by group interviews using the Focal Group technique with students from a state public education institution located in the metropolitan region of Campo Mourão, in the interior of Paraná State. The resulting data corpus from this research were organized based on the technique of Content Analysis and analyzed from the formist sociology, which allowed to reveal the confrontations between the imaginary of teachers and students, within the scope of their relations in the everyday school, in which has manifested itself from denials, confrontations, lack of dialogue between these characters, as well as a series of elements that denote the recurrence in which conflicts occur and express violence in the classroom context. / As relações societais isentas de intencionalidades pré-definidas, os entrecruzamentos tribais e a ambivalência que marcam as deambulações e o “estar com” das pessoas, no contexto da pós-modernidade, constituem a polissemia do cotidiano, que é, anódino, banal e permeado por sentimentos de pertença e de repulsa. Os conflitos e as violências, muitas vezes, decorridos dos sentimentos de repulsa entre as pessoas, embora sejam situados como processos negativos, podem ter utilidade, quando ocorrem relações sociais divergentes e desproporcionais entre elas, contribuindo para evitar que ocorram supressões e aniquilamentos. Neste estudo, objetivamos apreender os imaginários de conflitos e violências na relação entre professores e alunos. Primeiramente, por entendermos que a escola é um espaço sociocultural onde as relações societais pós-modernas estão mescladas e confrontando estruturas e organizações modernas. Segundo, por percebermos que os conflitos e violências na relação entre professores e alunos são recorrentes e se não compreendidos de maneira contextual, podem anular a possibilidade de sua percepção como resistência aos poderes instituídos e violências totalitárias. Esta pesquisa qualitativa, compôs-se: pelo diálogo com autores (Gilbert Durand, Michel Maffesoli, Georg Simmel, Boaventura de Souza Santos, Carlos Gadea, entre outros autores), cujas obras são referências clássicas nas discussões sobre imaginários, pós-modernidade, violências e conflitos, abordados na pesquisa bibliográfica; pela pesquisa documental contemplando a análise de Atas da Equipe Pedagógica, intencionando desbravar os indicativos de violências totalitárias e encaminhamentos supressores em intervenções pedagógicas; também se constituiu pela pesquisa de campo, cujo arcabouço formou-se por entrevistas semiestruturadas com alunos e com professores e também, pelas entrevistas em grupo, por meio da técnica de Grupo Focal, com alunos de uma instituição de ensino pública estadual, localizada na região metropolitana de Campo Mourão, no interior do Estado do Paraná. O córpus de dados resultante da investigação foram organizados com base na técnica de Análise de Conteúdo e analisados a partir da sociologia formista, que permitiram revelar os confrontos entre os imaginários de professores e alunos, no âmbito de suas relações no cotidiano escolar, os quais, manifestaram-se a partir de recusas, enfrentamentos, a falta de diálogo entre estes personagens, bem como, uma série de elementos que denotam a recorrência com que ocorrem conflitos e se expressam violências no contexto da sala de aula.